Chapter 18

The OR will be caring for a patient who will receive a transsacral block. For what patient would the use of a transsacral block be appropriate for pain control?

An older adult man who will undergo an inguinal hernia repair

The nurse is performing wound care on a 68-year-old postsurgical patient. Which of the following practices violates the principles of surgical asepsis?

Pouring solution onto a sterile field cloth

Maintaining an aseptic environment in the OR is essential to patient safety and infection control. When moving around surgical areas, what distance must the nurse maintain from the sterile field?

1 foot

The patient's surgery is nearly finished and the surgeon has opted to use tissue adhesives to close the surgical wound. This requires the nurse to prioritize assessments related to what complication?

Anaphylaxis

A circulating nurse provides care in a surgical department that has multiple surgeries scheduled for the day. The nurse should know to monitor which patient most closely during the intraoperative period because of the increased risk for hypothermia?

A 74-year-old woman with a low body mass index

The OR nurse is providing care for a 25-year-old major trauma patient who has been involved in a motorcycle accident. The nurse should know that the patient is at increased risk for what complication of surgery?

Anesthesia awareness

An intraoperative nurse is applying interventions that will address surgical patients' risks for perioperative positioning injury. Which of the following factors contribute to this increased risk for injury in the intraoperative phase of the surgical experience? Select all that apply.

Absence of reflexes Diminished ability to communicate Loss of pain sensation

A patient is scheduled for surgery the next day and the different phases of the patient's surgical experience will require input from members of numerous health disciplines. How should the patient's care best be coordinated?

By implementing an interdisciplinary approach to care

As an intraoperative nurse, you are the advocate for each of the patients who receives care in the surgical setting. How can you best exemplify the principles of patient advocacy?

By maintaining each of your patients' privacy

A 68-year-old patient is scheduled for a bilateral mastectomy. The OR nurse has come out to the holding area to meet the patient and quickly realizes that the patient is profoundly anxious. What is the most appropriate intervention for the nurse to apply?

Clearly explain any information that the patient seeks.

The nurse is packing a patient's abdominal wound with sterile, half-inch Iodoform gauze. During the procedure, the nurse drops some of the gauze onto the patient's abdomen 2 inches (5 cm) away from the wound. What should the nurse do?

Discard the gauze packing and repack the wound with new Iodoform gauze.

While the surgical patient is anesthetized, the scrub nurse hears a member of the surgical team make an inappropriate remark about the patient's weight. How should the nurse best respond?

Discourage the colleague from making such comments.

When creating plans of nursing care for patients who are undergoing surgery using general anesthetic, what nursing diagnoses should the nurse identify? Select all that apply.

Disturbed sensory perception related to anesthetic Risk of latex allergy response related to surgical exposure Anxiety related to surgical concerns

The OR nurse is participating in the appendectomy of a 20 year-old female patient who has a dangerously low body mass index. The nurse recognizes the patient's consequent risk for hypothermia. What action should the nurse implement to prevent the development of hypothermia?

Ensure that IV fluids are warmed to the patient's body temperature.

A patient will be undergoing a total hip arthroplasty later in the day and it is anticipated that the patient may require blood transfusion during surgery. How can the nurse best ensure the patient's safety if a blood transfusion is required?

Ensure that the patient has had a current cross-match.

Prior to a patient's scheduled surgery, the nurse has described the way that members of diverse health disciplines will collaborate in the patient's care. What is the main rationale for organizing perioperative care in this collaborative manner?

Evidence-based practice

A nurse is caring for a patient following knee surgery that was performed under a spinal anesthetic. What intervention should the nurse implement to prevent a spinal headache?

Keep the patient positioned supine.

The perioperative nurse has completed the presurgical assessment of an 82-year-old female patient who is scheduled for a left total knee replacement. When planning this patient's care, the nurse should address the consequences of the patient's aging cardiovascular system. These include an increased risk of which of the following?

Hypervolemia

The nurse is preparing an elderly patient for a scheduled removal of orthopedic hardware, a procedure to be performed under general anesthetic. For which adverse effect should the nurse most closely monitor the patient?

Hypothermia

The intraoperative nurse is implementing a care plan that addresses the surgical patient's risk for vomiting. Interventions that address the potential for vomiting reduce the risk of what subsequent surgical complication?

Hypoxia

As an intraoperative nurse, you know that the patient's emotional state can influence the outcome of his or her surgical procedure. How would you best reinforce the patient's ability to influence outcome?

Incorporate cultural and religious considerations, as appropriate.

Verification that all required documentation is completed is an important function of the intraoperative nurse. The intraoperative nurse should confirm that the patient's accompanying documentation includes which of the following?

Informed consent

A 21-year-old patient is positioned on the OR bed prior to knee surgery to correct a sports-related injury. The anesthesiologist administers the appropriate anesthetic. The OR nurse should anticipate which of the following events as the team's next step in the care of this patient?

Intubating

The anesthetist is coming to the surgical admissions unit to see a patient prior to surgery scheduled for tomorrow morning. Which of the following is the priority information that the nurse should provide to the anesthetist during the visit

Latex allergy

A 59-year-old male patient is scheduled for a hemorrhoidectomy. The OR nurse should anticipate assisting the other team members with positioning the patient in what manner?

Lithotomy position

An OR nurse is teaching a nursing student about the principles of surgical asepsis as a requirement in the restricted zone of the operating suite. What personal protective equipment should the nurse wear at all times in the restricted zone of the OR

Mask covering the nose and mouth

The nurse is caring for a patient who is scheduled to have a needle biopsy of the pleura. The patient has had a consultation with the anesthesiologist and a conduction block will be used. Which local conduction block can be used to block the nerves leading to the chest?

Paravertebral block

The OR nurse acts in the circulating role during a patient's scheduled cesarean section. For what task is this nurse solely responsible?

Performing documentation

The circulating nurse will be participating in a 78-year-old patient's total hip replacement. Which of the following considerations should the nurse prioritize during the preparation of the patient in the OR?

Pressure points should be assessed and well padded.

You are caring for a male patient who has had spinal anesthesia. The patient is under a physician's order to lie flat postoperatively. When the patient asks to go to the bathroom, you encourage him to adhere to the physician's order. What rationale for complying with this order should the nurse explain to the patient?

Preventing the onset of a headache

As a perioperative nurse, you know that the National Patient Safety Goals have the potential to improve patient outcomes in a wide variety of health care settings. Which of these Goals has the most direct relevance to the OR?

Reduce the risk of fires

The surgical patient is a 35-year-old woman who has been administered general anesthesia. The nurse recognizes that the patient is in stage II (the excitement stage) of anesthesia. Which intervention would be most appropriate for the nurse to implement during this stage

Restrain the patient.

An OR nurse is participating in an interdisciplinary audit of infection control practices in the surgical department. The nurse should know that a basic guideline for maintaining surgical asepsis is what

Sterile surfaces or articles may touch other sterile surfaces.

The perioperative nurse is constantly assessing the surgical patient for signs and symptoms of complications of surgery. Which symptom should first signal to the nurse the possibility that the patient is developing malignant hyperthermia?

Tachycardia

The nurse knows that elderly patients are at higher risk for complications and adverse outcomes during the intraoperative period. What is the best rationale for this phenomenon?

The elderly patient has reduced ability to adjust rapidly to emotional and physical stress.

The OR nurse is taking the patient into the OR when the patient informs the operating nurse that his grandmother spiked a 104°F temperature in the OR and nearly died 15 years ago. What relevance does this information have regarding the patient?

The patient may be at risk for malignant hyperthermia.

The circulating nurse in an outpatient surgery center is assessing a patient who is scheduled to receive moderate sedation. What principle should guide the care of a patient receiving this form of anesthesia?

The patient must never be left unattended by the nurse.

A patient waiting in the presurgical holding area asks the nurse, "Why exactly do they have to put a breathing tube into me? My surgery is on my knee." What is the best rationale for intubation during a surgical procedure that the nurse should describe?

The tube provides an airway for ventilation.

A patient who underwent a bowel resection to correct diverticula suffered irreparable nerve damage. During the case review, the team is determining if incorrect positioning may have contributed to the patient's nerve damage. What surgical position places the patient at highest risk for nerve damage?

Trendelenburg

The circulating nurse is admitting a patient prior to surgery and proceeds to greet the patient and discuss what the patient can expect in surgery. What aspect of therapeutic communication should the nurse implement?

Use a tone that decreases the patient's anxiety.