World War 2 and Holocaust
VJ Day
"Victory over Japan day" on August 15, 1945
How did Hitler rise to power?
**Economy was weak because of stock market crash and WW I debt. **Promised to fix Germany
Treaty of Versailles
1919 peace treaty at end of WW1
Furher
Adolf Hitler's title in Nazi Germany: it means leader.
Aleuts
Alaskan Native Americans who were forced into camps and compelled to continue seal hunting to fulfill government contracts
Axis Powers
Alliance of Germany, Italy, and Japan during World War II fighting against the Allies.
Nuremberg Trials
Allied war crimes tribunal against Nazis after WWII
Bataan Death March
American POWs were forced to endure a torturous movement from one camp to another; many were killed along the way
Hitler's Ideal Race
Aryan (white; blond hair, blue eyes)
Eisenhower
Commanding General of the European Theater & D-Day
Hirohito
Emperor of Japan during WWII
D-Day Invasion
Europe Britain, USA, France, Canada vs Germany Winner: Britain, USA, France, Canada
Battle of the Bulge
Europe Germany vs Belgium Winner: USA
Battle of Stalingrad
Europe Germany vs Soviet Union Winner: Soviet Union
When Hitler did rise to power, what kind of government did he establish?
Facist Government
Oskar Schindler
German businessman who profited from Jewish slave labor but later saved thousands
Gestapo
German secret police
Axis Powers
Germany, Italy, Japan
Allied Powers
Great Britain, France (not for long though), Soviet Union, United States
What is Anit-Semitism?
Hatred of the Jewish Race.
Harry S. Truman
He became president when FDR died; used the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
Fascism
Hitler's Germany
Secret Service
Hitler's elite police force, responsible for finding Jews and all political enemies, ran many of the concentration camps
final solution
Hitler's program of systematically killing the entire Jewish people
Why did Hitler and the Nazi Party hate the Jews to the point of planning to exterminate the entire Jewish population?
It was a fight between races.
Battle of Midway Island
Japan loses most their aircraft carrier; key turning point in the war
synagogue
Jewish house of worship
Jews
Jews don't believe that Jesus is the Son of God The church taught that Jews were responsible for Jesus' death.
D-Day
June 6, 1944 - US invasion of France at the beaches of Normandy, largest sea invasion in history
Hitler
Leader of Germany during WWII
Churchill
Leader of Great Britain during WWII
Mussolini
Leader of Italy during WWII
Stalin
Leader of Russia during WWII
Heinrich Himmler
Leader of the Secret Service, implemented many of the policies that led to the Holocaust
VE Day
May 8, 1945; Victory in Europe Day when the Germans surrendered
Israel
Nation created by the United Nations following World War II as a homeland for Jews
Nuremburg Laws
Nazi Germany laws that discriminated
euthanasia
Nazi euphemism for the deliberate killings of institutionalized physically, mentally, and emotionally handicapped people.
Final Solution
Nazi program of annihilating the Jews of Europe during the Third Reich.
The Big Three
Nickname of the leaders for the Allies
Battle of Midway
Pacific USA vs Japan Winner: USA
Iwo Jima
Pacific USA vs Japan Winner: USA
Food Given In Camps
Potatoes, Coffee, Bread, "Soup"
Roosevelt
President of the US during almost all of WWII
Tojo
Prime Minister of Japan during WWII
Battle of Midway
Prior to the battle, the Japanese had been winning the war in the Pacific. USA victory at Midway crippled the Japanese fleet. The Japanese were no longer able to take the offensive in the Pacific. This battle was a turning point because after it, the US began winning in the region.
Ghetto
Sections of the city that is thickly populated with [people of the same ethnic or minority group. The largest was in Warsaw Poland during WWII.
Prisoners were used for...
Slave Labor
Soviet-German Non-Aggression Pact
Soviet Union agreed to not fight when Germany invaded Poland in return for Polish territory; Germany agreed to not meddle when the Soviets invaded Finland.
Communism
Stalin's USSR
Stalingrad
Stalingrad is considered one of the turing points of the war because Germany was never able to fully recover from the extreme losses they suffered during the battle.
Star of David
Symbol of Judaism: it is a star with 6 points.
Holocaust
Systematic mass slaughter of 6 million European Jews in Nazi concentration camps during WWII. ( complete destruction of life - usually by fire)
Anti-Semitism
Term that refers to the hatred of Jews
Nazi Party
The National Socialist German Workers' Party
Iwo Jima
The USA took over the island. The island of Iwo Jima provided the USA with a location for their fighter planes and bombers to land and take off wihile attacking Japan.
Genocide
The deliberate and systematic destruction of a racial, political, cultural, or religious group.
Manhattan Project
The secret research project that developed the Atomic Bomb
D Day
This battle was the turning point for the war in Europe. It allowed over 500,000 Allied troops to enter mainland Europe and begin pushing the German forces back.
Nuremberg Laws
This document defined "Jews" and deprived all Jewish people of their civil rights.
Battle of the Bulge
This was Germany's final attempt to drive the Allies out of Europe. The American victory here sealed the fate of Hitler.
How did the Nazi Party convince the German people to hate and eventually allow the killing of 6 million Jewish people and 5 million non-Jewish people?
Took control of ALL forms of communication.
Tuskegee Airman
Unit of African American pilots that fought in World War II; got more awards then any other unit.
Anne Frank
a German-born diarist. One of the most discussed Jewish victims of the Holocaust, she gained fame posthumously following the publication of The Diary of a Young Girl
Death camps (extermination camps)
a concentration camp in which inmates are unlikely to survive.
crematorium
a furnace where a corpse can be burned and reduced to ashes
Communism
a government in which the GOVERNMENT controls and runs everything
Fascism
a government that focuses on a NATION or RACE above the individual, led by a dictator
Concentration Camp
a guarded compound for the detention or imprisonment of aliens, minorities, political opponents. Used for confinement and persecution of prisoners.
prejudice
a judgment or opinion formed before the facts are known (usually based on suspicion, hatred, and intolerance of other people).
ration
a limit on certain items during wartime such as sugar and gasoline in order to preserve these items for the troops
Battle of Britain
a series of air raids led by the Germans on England; never defeated Britain
Auschwitz
a town in SW Poland: site of Nazi concentration camp during World War II.
Nationalism
aggressive patriotism; devotion to the interests/culture of one's nation
Lend Lease Act
allowed the United States to trade with Great Britain while remaining neutral; it was focused on building an "arsenal for democracy"
Swastika
an ancient symbol used by the Nazis as their emblem
gas chambers
an enclosure used for the execution of prisoners by means of a poisonous gas (Zyklon B)
Munich Conference
appeasement of Adolf Hitler's expansionist policies, taking the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia.
Pearl Harbor
attack in Hawaii that caused the US to join WWII (Dec. 7 1941)
Propaganda
biased communication designed to influence people's thoughts and actions (like advertising, but for ideas, not products)
Militarism
building up armed forces in aggressive preparation for war
Hiroshima
city in Japan that had the first dropping of an atomic weapon
Neutrality Acts
declared that the US would not get involved in foreign affairs; isolationist
internment (relocation) camps
designated areas where Japanese Americans were sent after the attack at Pearl Harbor; fear that they may be spies caused this to happen
Anit-Semitism
discrimination, hatred, prejudice, or hostility towards Jewish people.
Reasons To Be Persecuted
ethnicity, religion, political beliefs, or sexual orientation
Rosie the Rivetor
famous propaganda used to encourage women to work in the factories while the men were at war
sterotype
generalizations or assumptions that people make about the characteristics of all members of a group based on an image.
appeasement
giving in to someone in hopes that they will be satisfied; example being when they "gave in" to Hitler's early invasions hoping he would stop
Death Marches
marches during 1944-1945 where thousands of prisoners were forced to march from concentration camps outside Germany to those inside of Germany.
Kristallnacht
night of November 9-10, 1938, Nazis killed Jews and destroyed their property.
liberty bonds
people lent the government funds by purchasing bonds
Nazi Party
political party under Hitler, controlled Germany in 1933, dictatorship, believed in the supremacy of Hitler, the superior German race, and anit-Semitism.
Navajo Code Talkers
sent messages in their native language in the Pacific front
Nagasaki
site of 2nd Atomic Bomb
Auschwitz
the largest death camp established by the Nazis
Displacement
the process of taking people from their homes and forcing them to live somewhere else.
Fatman, Little Boy
the two atomic bombs dropped on Japan
Dehumanization
to deprive of human qualities or attributes.
Potsdam Declaration
warned Japan of "utter destruction" if they did not surrender