Chapter 19

Since 2000, the U.S. divorce rate has _____.

decreased

In 2015 in the United States, the average age at first marriage was _____ for men and _____ for women.

29; 27

About _____ percent of U.S. 18- to 29-year-olds use social networking sites to keep in contact.

83

The Western ideal is _____ love

consummate

Dimitri, age 24, is studying to take the exam in order to become a certified public accountant. According to John Holland's six categories of people, Dimitri is MOST likely in the "_____" category.

conventional

According to research, who is MOST likely to experience the greatest gain in well-being during emerging adulthood?

Eric, who just started college and lives in a campus dormitory

In which nation are most unmarried young adults likely to live in their childhood homes, regardless of economic circumstances?

Italy

_____ before age 25 in the United States is a major impediment to higher education and career success.

Parenthood

Which statement about personality in emerging adulthood is TRUE?

Personality can change after adolescence

Of the college students below, who is most likely to "hook up"?

Sam, who just started college and is lonely because he hasn't yet made many good friends

Parental reluctance to let go is referred to as "_____."

Velcro parent

A mother offers an unsolicited comment about her 22-year-old daughter's clothing choices. Which emerging adult would be most likely to see such a comment as hostile and intrusive?

a daughter who is during assimilated into American culture

Hilda and Harley have been married for two years. Hilda comes home after a long day of work and finds the breakfast dishes in the sink and the unfolded laundry in the laundry basket. Harley said he would wash the dishes and fold the clothes before he left for work that morning. When the upset Hilda begins to yell at Harley, he simply turns up the television volume. Hilda gets louder, but Harley walks out of the room and slams the door. Hilda and Harley have just engaged in _____.

a demand/withdraw interaction

A situation in a romantic relationship wherein one partner wants to address an issue and the other refuses, resulting in opposite reactions, is referred to as "_____."

a demand/withdrawal interaction

According to Erik Erikson, who is likely to suffer from loneliness?

am emerging adult who has recently gotten divorce

Haley is an emerging adult in the United States. If Haley is like most emerging adults, she will report that _____ is the MOST important objective in life.

being well off financially

Robert Sternberg describes three distinct aspects of love. These include all the following EXCEPT _____.

challenge

Talal is 23 years old and works in an entry-level sales position at a local company. If he is a typical American adult, in the next few years, he will _____.

change jobs, perhaps several times

Personality is plastic, but research suggests that a person's personality will be MOST affected lifelong by _____.

childhood experiences

Social networking may lead to "_____," which occurs when there are too many people available to meet and evaluate as potential life partners.

choice overload

According to a longitudinal study, 4-year-old children who were identified as being extremely shy were as emerging adults slower than average to _____.

choose careers

An arrangement in which a couple lives together in a committed romantic relationship but is not formally married is referred to as "_____."

cohabitation

Patricia and Raul live together as a romantic couple, but they are not married. Their living arrangement is called "_____."

cohabitation

Dr. Anderson is studying the frequency of cross-sex friendships. Dr. Anderson has found that cross-sex friendships are _____.

common

All the following influence commitment in a romantic relationship EXCEPT _____.

common backgrounds

For most people, social networking has _____ social isolation in emerging adulthood.

decreased

Marco, age 23, is an unauthorized immigrant. He moved to the United States with his family 10 years ago, has lived in Ohio for the past 8 years, and graduated from a public high school at the age of 19. Marco would be classified as a "_____."

dreamer

In 2010, _____ adults had the highest rate of separation and divorce.

elderly

Friendships reach their peak of functional significance during _____.

emerging adulthood

Recently, which age group has the highest rate of unemployment?

emerging adults

Which age group is most likely to be victims and perpetrators of domestic abuse?

emerging adults

Marco and Alayna have a romantic relationship, and although they are committed to one another, they are no longer connected in an intimate way. According to Robert Sternberg, which form of love do Marco and Alayna have?

empty love

Within the context of a male-male friendship, men tend to _____.

expect practical advice

Derek, who is 25 years old, is slower than average to secure a job or to find a romance. He does have many friends and is no more anxious or depressed than others in his cohort. As a child, Derek may have displayed the personality trait of _____.

extreme shyness

What is rated as most important for a successful marriage by Western emerging adults?

faithfulness

When heterosexual couples are romantically committed to each other, they tend to have _____ cross-sex friendships.

fewer

Marriages evolve, sometimes getting better, sometimes getting worse. A factor that may lead to marital dissatisfaction is _____.

financial instability

An emerging adult is MOST likely to spend time with a _____ on a Friday night.

friend

Between the ages of 18 and 25, the average adult in the United States _____.

has held several jobs

Which of the following criteria characterizes the ethnic group referred to as "dreamers"?

have never been convicted of a felony

Levi, age 23, believes that same-sex marriage should be legal. Given what is known about emerging adults and their parents, it is likely that Levi and his parents _____ about that issue.

have similar attitudes

A popular term for parents who hover over their emerging adults, ready to swoop down if any problem arises, is "_____ parents."

helicopter

Ian just learned his final grade in his history class. He was upset because he thought he was going to do better, and he called his mother to tell her about it. After the call, Ian's mother contacted the professor (without Ian's permission or knowledge) to ask that Ian's grade be changed because he had worked really hard in the class or at least that he be given a chance to retake the final test. In this example, Ian's mother is a "_____ parent."

helicopter

Young adults whose parents were immigrants must reconcile their _____ with their new social context in order to achieve ethnic identity.

heritage

Anthropologists distinguish between _____, or marriage within the same tribe or ethnic group, and _____, or marriage outside the group.

homogamy; heterogamy

Erik Erikson's fifth stage of development involves a continuum between _____.

identity and role diffusion

According to statistics, which statement regarding self-esteem during emerging adulthood in the United States in 2017 is TRUE?

in spite of new challenges and stressors that they have, emerging adults' self-esteem is higher than earlier and continued to rise through emerging adulthood

During emerging adulthood, self-esteem and happiness _____ for most people.

increase

Knowing someone well, and sharing secrets as well as physical attention in a reciprocal nature, is consistent with which aspect of love?

intimacy

According to Erik Erikson, once an emerging adult has established a sense of identity, he or she needs to resolve which crisis?

intimacy versus isolation

Now that he is in his 20s, Juan wants to find someone to share his life with. Erik Erikson would say that Juan is in the stage of "_____."

intimacy versus isolation

A violent and demeaning form of abuse in a romantic relationship, in which the victim is frightened to fight back, seek help, or withdraw, is referred to as "_____."

intimate terrorism

Peyton and Chris are long-time friends who have just transitioned to a "friends with benefits" relationship. If their friendship truly comes first, Robert Sternberg's triadic theory would suggest that their relationship is _____ but not _____.

intimate; passionate

Akila loves to think about how the physical world works. She believes there are advanced civilizations on other planets. According to John Holland's six categories of people, she is MOST likely in the "_____" category.

investigative

All members of a family have _____, as the experiences and needs of individuals at one stage of life are affected by all those at other stages.

linked lives

Makayla was a sophomore thriving in college when her father was laid off from his job. Even with financial aid, the family could no longer afford to send her to school, so she left to get a full-time job at a restaurant near the family home. This situation illustrates the _____ of families.

linked lives

For most Western emerging adults, what is considered the primary prerequisite for marriage

love

Emerging adult Afton is a heavy social media user. She tends to have _____ face-to-face friends than do nonusers.

more

According to John Gottman, disgust in romantic relationships is _____ predictive of divorce, and conflict in romantic relationships is _____ predictive of divorce.

more; less

Crystal is 25 years old and lives in the United States in 2015. Statistically, Crystal is most likely to be _____.

never married

Which BEST describes the data on interethnic marriage in the United States?

one in seven current marriages is officially counted as interethnic

About _____ of all emerging adults receive cash from their parents in addition to tuition, medical care, food, and other material support.

one-half

In which proportion of families around the world does arranged marriage occur?

one-third

An intense physical, cognitive, and emotional experience characterized by excitement, ecstasy, and euphoria is associated with ____

passion

José has just started to date Christy. He cannot stop thinking about her, and his thoughts of her fill him with excitement and happiness. José is most likely to be experiencing which aspect of love?

passion

Gina reacted more strongly to going to college, living on her own, and making new friends than Carly. Gina's personality seemed to change as a result of these experiences, whereas Carly's personality seemed unchanged. What could explain this is Gina's, but not Carly's, inheritance of _____ genes.

plasticity

_____ genes are genes and alleles that make people more susceptible to environmental influences, for better or worse. They are part of "differential susceptibility."

plasticity

Rachel's parents always vote for the same political party, but since going to college, Rachel has identified a set of issues that is very important to her at election time. She has developed her own _____ identity.

political

Personality traits present at age 18 _____ by age 25.

rarely disappear

EJ attends community college, working on a degree in automotive technology. He plans to take a series of rigorous national exams in order to become a master technician. According to John Holland's six categories of people, EJ is MOST likely in the "_____" category.

realistic

According to Erik Erikson, the stage of "intimacy versus isolation" _____.

reflects the desire to share one's life with someone else

A longitudinal study found that aggressive 4-year-olds who matured into aggressive emerging adults were defined in all the following ways EXCEPT as _____.

repeatedly arrested serious offended

Raul's family maintains a strong Hispanic identity. To increase his chances of doing well in college, he should _____.

resist both assimilation and alienation

In a study of Hispanic college students, those most likely to maintain their ethnic identity, deflect stereotype threat, and be good students were those who _____.

resisted alienation and assimilation

Dixie just started dating BJ. Dixie feels happy and excited when she thinks about BJ and feels confident that BJ feels the same about her. However, she is not sure where the relationship will lead, because they both continue to live independent lives. According to Robert Sternberg, which form of love does Dixie appear MOST likely to be experiencing?

romantic love

Fighting between romantic partners that is brought on more by the situation than by the deep personality problems of the individuals is referred to as "_____."

situational couple violence

Shelia is paying the monthly bills and realizes there is not enough money to cover all of them. She finds her partner and yells at him for not making enough money; he yells back that she wastes the money they have. Shelia slaps him, and he then shoves her away. Later, they both apologize for their behavior. This scenario illustrates _____

situational couple violence

Intimacy is the desire for

social connection

Friends _____ mental health and _____ physical health.

strengthen; strengthen

Bart is 21 years old and is not sure what kind of work he would like to do after college. Like many Americans his age, Bart has not yet developed a(n) _____ identity.

vocational

In the United States in 2017, which tends to be MOST difficult to achieve during emerging adulthood?

vocational identity

"Hooking up" involves a sexual encounter _____.

without a romantic relationship