chapter 2 1301
How did the Virginia Company reshape the colony's development?
It instituted the headright system, giving fifty acres of land to each colonist who paid for his own or another's passage.
Why was the death rate in early Jamestown so high?
It lay beside a malarial swamp.
Opechancanough:
mounted a surprise attack in 1622 that wiped out one-quarter of Virginia's settlers.
In New England towns:
much of the land remained in commons, for collective use or to be divided among later settlers.
Which one of the following spurred increased European interest in colonizing North America?
national and religious rivalries
During the English political upheaval between 1640 and 1660:
new religious sects began demanding the end of public financing and special privileges for the Anglican Church.
Anne Hutchinson:
opposed Puritan ministers who distinguished saints from the damned through church attendance and moral behavior rather than through focusing on an inner state of grace.
To entice settlers to Virginia, the Virginia Company established the headright system, which:
provided land to settlers who paid their own passage.
In Puritan marriages:
reciprocal affection and companionship were the ideal.
The Massachusetts General Court:
reflected the Puritans' desire to govern the colony without outside interference.
In the battles between Parliament and the Stuart kings, English freedom:
remained an important and a much-debated concept even after Charles I was beheaded.
For most New Englanders, Indians represented:
savagery.
Which English group did the most to reshape Native American society and culture in the seventeenth century?
settlers farming the land
Which one of the following statements is true of Queen Mary of England, who reigned from 1553 to 1558?
she temporarily restored catholicism as the state of religion of england
At Anne Hutchinson's trial:
she violated Puritan doctrine by claiming that God spoke to her directly rather than through ministers or the bible
How did indentured servants display a fondness for freedom?
some of them ran away or were disobedient towards their masters
What does the seal of the Massachusetts Bay Colony imply?
that the Indians wished for the English to come over and help liberate them
It can be argued that conflict between the English settlers and local Indians in Virginia became inevitable when:
the Native Americans realized that England wanted to establish a permanent and constantly expanding colony, not just a trading post.
A central element in the definition of English liberty was:
the right to a trial by jury.
which one of the following is true of indentured servants
their masters could determine whether they could marry
The Puritans believed that male authority in the household was:
to be unquestioned.
What was Virginia's "gold," which ensured its survival and prosperity?
tobacco
Maryland was similar to Virginia in that:
tobacco proved crucial to its economy and society.
Maryland's founder, Cecilius Calvert:
wanted Maryland to be like a feudal domain, with power limited for ordinary people.
In Great Britain, the idea of working for wages:
was associated with servility and the loss of liberty.
The Virginia House of Burgesses:
was created as part of the Virginia Company's effort to encourage the colony's survival.
In contrast to life in the Chesapeake region, life in New England:
was more family oriented.
The marriage between John Rolfe and Pocahontas:
was seen in England as a sign of Anglo-Indian harmony and missionary success.
Intermarriage between English colonists and Native Americans in Virginia:
was very rare before being outlawed by the virgina legislature in 1691
The 104 settlers who remained in Virginia after the ships that brought them from England returned home:
were all men, reflecting the Virginia Company's interest in searching for gold as opposed to building a functioning society.
In early seventeenth-century Massachusetts, freeman status was granted to adult males who:
were landowning church members.
Most seventeenth-century migrants to North America from England:
were lower class men
Puritan women:
were said to achieve freedom by embracing subjection to their husbands' authority.
How did Richard Hakluyt explain his claim that there was a connection between freedom and colonization?
English colonization would save the New World from Spanish tyranny.
The 1681 painting of David, notable as the only known contemporary portrait of a New England Indian, shows that by the late seventeenth century:
English manufactured goods had become an important part of Indians' lives.
In what ways was Puritan church membership a restrictive status?
Full membership required demonstrating that one had experienced divine grace.
Why did King Henry VII break from the Catholic Church?
He did not break with the church; his son and successor Henry VIII did.
John Winthrop followed which one of the following policies toward Native Americans?
He insisted that they agree to submit to English authority.
What was Puritan leader and Massachusetts Bay Governor John Winthrop's attitude toward liberty?
He saw two kinds of liberty: natural liberty, the ability to do evil, and moral liberty, the ability to do good.
Which one of the following is true of poverty in seventeenth-century Great Britain?
About half of the population lived at or below the poverty line by the end of the seventeenth century.
Which of the following best describes how the English viewed Native American ties to the land?
Although they felt the natives had no claim since they did not cultivate or improve the land, the English usually bought their land, albeit through treaties they forced on Indians.
Which of the following is true of warfare between colonists and Native Americans during the seventeenth century?
Among the colonists, it generated a strong sense of superiority.
In the Pequot War of 1637:
Connecticut and Massachusetts soldiers teamed with Narragansett allies to set the main Pequot village afire and kill 500 Pequots.
Which one of the following lists these colonies in the proper chronological order by the dates they were founded, from the earliest to the latest?
Jamestown, Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island
Puritans followed the religious ideas of the French-born theologian:
John Calvin
Which colony adopted the Act Concerning Religion in 1649, which institutionalized the principle of religious toleration?
Maryland
What good fortune helped the Pilgrims when they landed at Plymouth?
Native Americans had recently cleared the fields for planting.
In the economic exchanges between the English colonists and eastern Native Americans:
Native Americans initially welcomed the colonists' goods.
How did John Winthrop view a woman's liberty?
Once a woman married a man, she was his subject.
Why did Puritans decide to emigrate from England in the late 1620s and 1630s
The Church of England was firing their ministers and censoring their writings.
Which one of the following is an accurate statement regarding the impact on Maryland of seventeenth-century England's Protestant-Catholic conflict?
The English government temporarily repealed Calvert's ownership of Maryland and the colony's policies of religious toleration.
Which one of the following is an accurate statement about the class based society of the Massachusetts Bay Colony?
The General Court banned ordinary people from wearing the garb of gentlemen.
Which of the following statements is true about the early history of Jamestown
The death rate was extraordinarily high.
Why did Sir Humphrey Gilbert and Sir Walter Raleigh fail in their attempts to colonize the New World?
The government provided insufficient financial support.
Which of the following is true of the Puritans' dealings with Quakers
Their officials in Massachusetts punished Quakers financially and physically, even hanging several of them.
Which of the following is NOT a way that colonists undermined traditional Native American agriculture and hunting?
Their refusal to build fences and permanent structures
Which of the following is true of the Puritans of the seventeenth century?
They agreed that the Church of England retained too many elements of Catholicism in its rituals and doctrines.
How did most Puritans view the separation of church and state?
They allowed church and state to be interconnected by requiring each town to establish a church and levy a tax to support the minister.
Why did the Pilgrims flee the Netherlands?
They felt that the surrounding culture was corrupting their children.
Where in the Americas did the Pilgrims originally plan to go?
Virginia
When the Virginia Company gave control of the Virginia colony to the king in 1624:
Virginia became the first royal colony.
Which statement about women in the early Virginia colony is FALSE?
Women consisted of about half the white population.
The Mayflower Compact established:
a civil government for the Plymouth colony.
All of the following contributed to the English social crisis of the late sixteenth century EXCEPT:
a lower birth rate, which made it difficult to find workers for new industries.
In the 1640s, leaders of the House of Commons:
accused the king of imposing taxes without parliamentary consent.
As leader of the Jamestown colony, John Smith:
alienated many of the colonists with his autocratic rule.
A consequence of the English Civil War of the 1640s was:
an English belief that England was the world's guardian of liberty.
Why did England consider Spain its enemy by the late 1500s?
because of religious differences: England had officially broken with the Roman Catholic Church, while Spain was devoutly Catholic
The Levellers:
called for the strengthening of freedom and democracy at a time when those principles were seen as possibly contributing to anarchy.
In the seventeenth century, New England's economy:
centered on family farms and also involved the export of fish and timber.
Boston merchants:
challenged the subordination of economic activity to Puritan control.
In 1607, the colonists who sailed to Jamestown on three small ships:
chose an inland site partly to avoid the possibility of attack by Spanish warships.
Roger Williams argued that:
church and state must be totally separated.
Who received most of the profits from trade between Native Americans and colonists?
colonial and European merchants
Puritans viewed individual and personal freedom as:
dangerous to social harmony and community stability.
The Half-Way Covenant of 1662:
did not require evidence of conversion to receive a kind of church membership.
As a result of British landowners evicting peasants from their lands in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries:
efforts were made to persuade or even force those who had been evicted to settle in the New World, thereby easing the British population crisis.
During the reign of ____________, the English government turned its attention to North America by granting charters to Humphrey Gilbert and Walter Raleigh for the establishment of colonies there.
elizabeth I
Tobacco production in Virginia:
enriched an emerging class of planters and certain members of the colonial government.
Of the half million people who left England between 1607 and 1700:
more went to the west indies than to north america
Virginia's colonial policy of requiring Native Americans to move to reservations:
followed a precedent established by the English in Ireland.
The Puritan minister Thomas Hooker:
founded what became part of the colony of Connecticut.
The Magna Carta:
granted many liberties, but mainly to lords and barons.
During the seventeenth century, indentured servants
had a great deal of trouble acquiring land
When Roger Williams established the colony of Rhode Island:
he made sure that it was more democratic than Massachusetts Bay.
In Puritan New England:
infant mortality rates were lower than in the Chesapeake colonies, because the environment was healthier.
The Diggers of Great Britain:
influenced the development of the American colonies, because some of their members and ideas crossed the Atlantic to the New World.
Just as the reconquest of Spain from the Moors established patterns that would be repeated in Spanish New World colonization, the methods used in which one of the following countries anticipated policies England would undertake in America?
ireland
What did English settlers in North America believe was the basis of liberty?
land
The Native American leader Powhatan:
managed to consolidate control over some thirty nearby tribes.