Chapter 2 Quiz (2.1-2.6)

Refer to the figure. Suppose hydrogen is covalently bonded to each of the other five atoms shown. In achieving stable molecular configurations, which of these five atoms will bond with the fewest number of hydrogen atoms, and which will bond with the most?

Both oxygen and sulfur will bond with the fewest number of hydrogen atoms (2); carbon will bond with the most (4)

_____ capacity is a term used to describe the ability of a solution to prevent large changes in the pH with the addition of a base of acid

Buffering

How do ionic bonds differ from covalent bonds?

Electrons are not shared between two atomic nuclei in ionic bonds as they are in covalent bonds.

Animation 2.1: which molecule contains a polar covalent bond?

H2O

The ΔG of a reaction tells us all the following EXCEPT

the rate of the reaction

What determines whether an atom will form a chemical bond with another atom?

the state of the atom's outermost electron shell

Which physical law describes how each biochemical transformation results in a loss of energy available to do work?

Second Law of Thermodynamics

The electronegativity of an atom is a relative measure of the ...

affinity an atom has for electrons and its ability to capture additional electrons

Which has the greatest concentrations of hydrogen ions?

cola at pH 3

Table salt, NaCl, is neutral. When dissolved in water, NaCl...

dissociates to form Na+ and Cl- ions that interact with water molecules

Which particles determine how an atom interacts with other atoms?

electrons

When a drop of ink is added to a beaker of water, the ink molecules become randomly dispersed throughout the water. This is an example of an increase in ...

entropy

Surface tension and cohesion occur in pure water because water...

is nonpolar

The atomic number of an element is the same as the number of _______ in each atom.

protons

A reaction with a negative ΔG

releases energy

Molecular structure of threonine. Which functional groups are present?

Methyl, amino, carboxyl, and hydroxyl

Which statement about biochemical reactions is false? -They can store energy in the form of a covalent bond. -They must always balance the number of atoms in the reactants and the products. -They can create new energy during the reaction. -They obey the rules of chemistry and physics. -They can change the form of energy found in the cell.

They can create new energy during the reaction

The two atoms in a hydrogen molecule are held together by

a shared pair of electrons