Chapter 22 (History 152)

Maroons were

slaves who ran away and formed their own communities in remote areas.

Songhay power relied largely on its control over which of the following bodies of water?

the Niger River

Despite of the ravages of the slave trade, the population of Africa actually increased in the eighteenth century, due to

the introduction of new staple foods from the Americas.

Which of the following is true of the syncretic African-American religions?

All the syncretic African-American religions drew inspiration from Christianity.

empire that emerged in 1670 in what is now modern Ghana

Asante

Which of the following was true of Caribbean and American plantations?

Both Caribbean and American plantations specialized in the export of commercial crops.

the dispersion of peoples outside their homeland

DIASPORA

African kingdom that expanded rapidly in the eighteenth century by capturing slaves from unarmed neighbors and exchanging them for European firearms

Dahomey

Which of these African states successfully transformed its political and military structure in pursuit of slaves?

Dahomey

In which of these regions did the Atlantic slave trade begin its journey?

Europe

sub-Saharan African people who observed a strict form of Islam and sought to eliminate indigenous elements of African religions from Islamic worship in west Africa

Fulani

Trade in slaves undermined which of the following kingdoms?

Kongo

Which region in Africa was located at the southern end of the "Slave Coast"?

Kongo

The kingdom of Kanem-Bornu developed alongside which body of water?

Lake chad

Angolan kingdom that reached its peak during the reign of Queen Nzinga (r. 1623—1663)

Ndongo

an ex-slave who became deeply involved in the fight against slavery and the slave trade

Olaudah Equiano

Which of the following was principally responsible for Swahili decline?

Portuguese military attacks

Angolese ruler that led a spirited military resistance to the Portuguese for forty years

Queen Nzinga

At its height in the late fifteenth century, the kingdom of Kongo's territory included most of which two modern states?

Republic of the Congo and Angola

Which of these cities was a major slave destination port?

Rio de Janeiro

Why was Doña Beatriz executed by the leadership of Kongo?

She was considered a serious challenge to Christian missionaries.

Which of the following is true of the "middle passage"?

Slave mortality declined from around 50 percent to about 5 percent during the course of the slave trade.

the first great king of the Songhay empire in West Africa

Sunni Ali

Which of the following characterizes the relationship between the rulers of Kongo and the Portuguese?

The Kongolese kings profited from the slave trade with the Portuguese, but the process ultimately undermined their authority.

How did Africans respond to the spread of Islam and Christianity across sub-Saharan Africa?

by blending them with traditional beliefs

What two new plantation cash crops increased demand for African slaves across the Americas in the eighteenth century?

cotton and coffee

Which of the following was a NOT a major factor that helped to bring the slave trade to an end?

increasing market prices for sugarcane

The Songhay empire emerged along which river system?

niger

Which factor determined the impact of the Atlantic slave trade on different African societies?

proximity to active slave ports

a group of maroons (runaway slaves) who established themselves in the interior of Suriname

saramaka

French colony in the Caribbean in what is now the republic of Haiti; site of successful slave revolt

seint-domingue

Which city was the capital of the Songhay empire?

Gao

eighth-through eleventh-century empire in West Africa that grew wealthy from trans-Saharan trade

Ghana

Which regional people controlled the territory between the Songhay empire and the kingdom of Kanem-Bornu?

Hausa

Which of the following was an aspect of Sunni Ali's administration of the Songhay?

He instituted a military hierarchy of command.

the ruler of the kingdom of Kongo in the first half of the sixteenth century, also called King Afonso I

Nzinga Mbemba

Which European power first established contact with the kingdom of Kongo?

Portugal

The Portuguese slave trade began in 1441 with Portuguese raiders capturing African men and selling them in Portugal. How had this trade changed by 1460?

Portuguese merchants bought slaves from African raiders and sold them in Portugal and Spain.

island in the Atlantic west of Africa's Kongo kingdom, used by the Portuguese beginning in the fifteenth century to produce sugar

Sao Tome

Of the following, which does NOT describe a characteristic of slavery in Africa?

Slaves had certain civil rights and could appeal to the law for justice.

Which of the following was conquered by Moroccan raiders?

Songhay

fifteenth- through sixteenth-century empire in west Africa specializing in the gold trade

Songhay Empire

How was wealth and power measured differently in Africa than in Europe, Asia, and elsewhere?

by control of human labor that made land productive

Queen Nzinga resisted the Portuguese conquest of Angola

by mobilizing military resistance to the Portuguese.

How did merchants create new slave supplies for the Islamic slave trade after the eighth century?

by raiding villages and capturing innocent individuals

What force stimulated the development of the triangular trade system?

demand for labor in the Americas

What type of forces ultimately led to the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade in the early nineteenth century?

economic

Olaudah Equiano's experience contributed to the abolishment of slavery because he

exposed the horrors of slavery, particularly the middle passage, to a European audience.

Which of the following goods traded by Europeans for slaves were most prized by Africans?

firearms

What caused the fall of the Songhay empire?

foreign invasion and technological inferiority

Which of the following describes the third leg of the triangular slave trade?

shipping American products to Europe

On the plantations of the Caribbean and Brazil,

slave populations usually were unable to sustain their numbers by natural means.

During the early years of the slave trade, Africans were imported to the Americas primarily to help in the production of what commodity?

sugar

east African city-state society that dominated the coast from Mogadishu to Kilwa and was active in trade

swahili

One example of a syncretic cult combining elements of Christianity and African beliefs is

the Antonian movement.

Which of the following was the part of the slave trade known as the Middle Passage?

the trip from Africa to the Americas

Most African slaves went to

the tropical and subtropical plantations of the Americas.