Chapter 25 - Imperialism

Imperialism in Asia

(some missing)

How was a colony different from a protectorate?

A colony was controlled by an imperial power, but a protectorate was not.

Prefectures

A former Daimyo who is made to govern.

Shogunate

A general of the army in Japan who has political power.

Concessions

A political compromise.

Isolationism

A political policy were you close the doors to foreign countries or ports.

How were old imperialism and new imperialism similar?

Colonies existed for the benefit of a mother country.

Spheres of Influence

an area in which an outside power claimed exclusive investment or trading rights

which of the following goals identifies the ideology (ideas and beliefs) of nationalists

establishment of a home land for people with a common heritage

which of the following goals represents the ideaology of nationalists?

establishment of a homeland for poeple with a common heratage

which statement best expresses the western perspective reguarding rudyard kipling's "white man's burden"

europeans had a duty to introduce the benefits of their civilization to non-european peoples

althrough the sepoys directly rebelled against using the rifles requiring shells greasd in animal fat, at root of the rebellion was

frustration with british attempts to assimilate the indians to british ways

overseas expansion was partly a result of the manufacture's need for

natural resources

this phrase of take up a white man's burden in this exerpt refers to

negative attitude of europeans toward peoples of the non-westen world

Imperialism

one country's political, economic, and social domination of another country. • Romans • Persians • Greek

One advantage countries had in their imperial expansion was

powerful armies and navies

one advantage european countries had in their imperial expansion

powerful armies and navies

an imperialistic system in which local rulers were left to rule

protectorate

an area in which an outside power claimed exclusive investment or trading rights

sphere of influence

Europeans' belief in their cultural superiority helped them justify imperialistic actions because they thought

spreading European culture to other nations helped the less advanced.

Taiping Rebellion

Taiping Rebellion 1850 1) Led by Hong Xiuquan, who believed he was the brother of Jesus 2) Rebellion against the Qing Government, believed the Qing had lost the Mandate of Heaven 3) Captured the city of Nanjing in 1853 4) Qing government defeats rebellion with the aid of British and French Forces in 1864 5) 20 million Chinese Casualties

Send forth the best ye breed-- Go bind your sons to exile To serve your captives' need; To wait in heavy harness, On fluttered folk and wild-- Your new-caught, sullen peoples, Half-devil and half-child.

- Rudyard Kipling, 1899 The message of this poem was used by many Europeans to justify imperialism. This stanza from Kipling's poem is most closely associated with the belief that it was the duty of Western colonial powers to civilize the people they controlled.

Other European nations forced Japan to sign similar treaties:

-A group of samurai warriors called Sat-Cho opposed opening foreign relations with the west and forced the Shogun to promise to end foreign relations. -The Sat-Cho attacked the shogun's palace at Kyoto,resulting in the collapse of shogunate system and the beginning of the Meiji Restoration.

The Treaty of Kanagawa

-The return of shipwrecked American sailors. -The opening of two ports to Western traders. -The establishment of U.S. diplomat in Japan.

Treaty of Nanjing

1) First of a series of Unequal Treaties between China and European Powers 2) Legalized Opium Trade 3) Ceded port of Hong Kong to the British 4) Granted Extraterritoriality to the British 5) Gave Britain Mostfavored Nation status

Sino Japanese War

1) SinoJapanese War 1894 a) Control of Korea b) Island of Taiwan c) Sphere of Influence in China

Great Britain: How did such a small country control such large swaths of land? European powers had a number of advantages that allowed them to control large populations.

1. Able to improve the transportation systems. They had steamboats as well as railways. The constructed the Suez Canal, which allowed for transportation to go much faster. 2. They had advanced military weapons against the native tribes that had much more antiquated weapons. 3. Communications technology. News traveled faster with the use of improved transportation methods.

Which area was colonized under new imperialism?

Africa

Boxer Rebellion

1899 China - drive out the foreign of evils

Sun Yat Sen

1911 Revolution 1) Led by Sun Yatsen (Sun Yixian) 2) Principles of Nationalism, democracy, "people's livelihood" 3) Overthrew the Qing Dynasty and Established a Republic

Treaty of Kanagawa

2) Treaty of Kanagawa (1854) establishes trade between U.S. & Japan (2 ports). In 1858, 5 ports are opened up to European nations.

Russo Japanese War

2) RussoJapanese War 19041905 a) Japan destroys the Russian Navy at the battle of Tsushima. May 1905 b) Ask President Teddy Roosevelt to negotiate a peace (Treaty of Portsmouth) August 1905 c) Granted Japan Control over Southern Manchuria in China

Education System

A new Education System, based on the American model, was created, and foreign specialists were brought to Japan to teach

New Imperial Army

A new imperial army with modern weapons was created that was based required military service.

What did Old Imperialism and New Imperialism have in common?

Both were to benefit the home (Mother Country) country of Great Britain or of Germany or of France.

Qing Dynasty

China In 1793 1) Ruled by the Qing Dynasty 2) Turned away a British trade delegation led by Lord George Macartney. 3) China viewed all nations outside China as Barbaric and wanted to exclude foreign influence. 4) Trade restricted to the city of Canton

Japan responds to Foreign Pressure

Concessions were made by shogunate officials, and they signed the Treaty of Kanagawa with the United States.

Why did European nations send missionaries to convert people in Africa and Asia to Christianity? Check all that apply.

Europeans believed Christianity would make people more civilized. Europeans wanted to expand their power around the world.

Open Door Policy

Events in China 1865-1900 1) Attempts to Modernize and import foreign technology fail because of conservative reaction 2) China loses the SinoJapanese War in 18941895. Japan gains influence in Korea and in China 3) Most European Nations carve out a sphere of influence in China 4) 1890's U.S. establishes the Open Door Policy for free trade with China

Ito Hirobumi

He lead a commission that traveled to many western countries to study their governments.

The various European powers all controlled different types of territories in order to benefit the home country. 1. Colonies:

Imperial Powers controlled their colonies slightly differently. New England, before the Revolutionary War and number of the areas in the new world were colonies of the British Empire.

The passage is about Britain's imperialistic actions. It was the task of civilization to put an end to slavery, to establish Courts of Law, to teach the natives a sense of individual responsibility, of liberty, and of justice, and to teach their rulers how to apply these principles; above all, to see to it that the system of education should be such as to produce happiness and progress. I am confident that the verdict of history will award high praise to the efforts and achievements of Great Britain in the discharge of these great responsibilities... -Frederick Lugard, 1923 Which best summarizes the author's feelings about British imperialism?

Imperialism was an honorable enterprise that improved life for native cultures.

How did advanced weaponry help Europe during new imperialism?

It gave imperialists even more power over non-Europeans.

In what way did imperialism hurt rather than help European nations?

It kept nations from cooperating to achieve shared goals.

To be continued

Japan will become imperialist nation as it takes over territories in Asia

Iwakura Mission

Japanese officials travel to the U.S. to learn Western Ways

Meiji Resoraton

Meiji Restoration - Emperor Meiji rules from 1868-1912 1) Tokugawa shogunate steps down in 1867 2) Emperor Meiji (Mutsuhito) rules from 18681912 3) Japanese officials travel to the U.S. to learn Western Ways (Iwakura Mission) 4) Reforms: educational system, telegraph system, postal system, railroads, modern military structure, national currency, sponsored industry, ended feudalism, new constitution, 3 year military service requirement

Over seas expansion was partly a result of manufacturers need for

Natural resources

Opium Wars

Opium Wars 18391842 & 18561860 1) British wanted to correct the imbalance of Trade with China 2) Started smuggling Opium into the country from India 3) Many Chinese became Addicts 4) Chinese officials order all Opium in Canton Destroyed in 1839 5) British use this as a pretext for war. British force the Chinese to sign the Treaty of Nanjing in 1842

Two factors led Europeans to pursue to Imperialism

Political Factors and Economic Factors

Treaty of Portsmouth

Result of Russo-Japanese War granted Japan control over southern manchuria in China

Commodore Matthew Perry

Rise of Japan 1) U.S. Missions to Japan by Commodore Mathew Perry in 1853 & 1854. Perry arrives in Tokyo Bay with Warships. Japanese set up a huge cloth screen so that the U.S. cannot see how unprepared they are.

Tokugawa Shogunate

Ruling for 200 years, the Tokugawa Shogunate kept relations with outside countries at a minimum and carried on a policy of Isolationism.

The Meiji Restoration

The Meiji government attempted to modernize Japan's political, economic, and social structures.

Emperor Mutsuhito

This young emperor, called his reign the Meiji, meaning, "enlightened rule."

Sat-Cho

The Sat-Cho held the real power and moved the capital to Kyoto to Edo.

Millard Filmore

The U.S. President who sent Commodore Matthew Perry to Japan with a huge naval fleet to intimidate the Japanese into opening their forts.

New Leaders

The new leaders stripped the daimyo (powerful landowning noble families) of their land and created prefectures.

Land tax

The government used the land-tax revenues to promote industry. The revenue went toward struggling industries and into improving transportation and communication.

Results

The result was a political system modeled after imperial Germany. It was democratic in form, but authorities (opposed to individualism and liberty) in practice.

Meiji

They implemented a land reform that gave land to the peasants. Because of bad harvest, many peasants could not pay their taxes and became tenant farmers.

The various European powers all controlled different types of territories in order to benefit the home country. 2. Protectorate:

This is a territory under the protection of an imperial power. An example of this would be Barbados, which is a small island, which is a protectorate of Great Britain. Now Great Britain is going to defend Barbados, but because it's able to defend it, Barbados will give Great Britain some of its raw materials at really cheap prices.

Military Pressure

Under the military pressure from the United States, Japan signed the Treaty of Kanagawa, which opened two ports to Western trade.

Western Culture

Western Fashion and culture became popular, and women gained more rights.

Western Countries

Western nations wanted Japan to open their ports to trade.

Westerners who ruled territories directly denied the influence of natives because

Westerners saw territories as an extension of a home country, so they demanded that natives conform.

define imperialism

a system of pursuit in an empire. a stronger more powerful country taking over a weaker country for their resources (raw materials,) land, labor and profits

which of the following was a result of the sepoy rebellion?

britain began to rule india directly

which cultures fought with the zulus in the 19th century over the control of land in south africa?

british and boer

a crop grown to sell to the work market

cash crop

a system of rule in which local leaders are replaces with rulers from the mother country

colony

define and explain the types of imperialism

colony- direct and indirect. direct sent officials to administer colonies. indirect used local rulers (sultans, chiefs)to govern colonies. Protectorate- it costs less to run than a colony did and usually did not require a large commitment of military forces. Local rulers were left In place but were expected to follow the advice of the European advisors on issues such as trade or missionary activity. Sphere of influence- country that has a lot of power. affect development through out the country. state organizes the economy, military or political execution.

What best describes the relationship between imperialist powers

countries formed fierce rivalries with other nations

what best explains the scramble for Africa

imperialist powers sliced Africa amongst themselves by drawing borders on a map

describe the scramble for Africa

imperialist powers came in and colonized all of Africa except 2 countries. led to warfare. only Liberia and Ethiopia made it out without being colonized. almost entire continent was being controlled by and imperialist power.

how did the industrial revolution encourage imperialism?

it created a need for raw materials and markets

Explain the advantage held by the imperialist powers in conquering

more money, larger/more powerful military, superior technologies

By building military bases around the world, imperialist nations mainly aimed to

resupply naval vessels.

The term "White Mans Burden" refers to:

the belief that Europe had a duty to civilize other people.

which of these developments in africa was a cause of the other three?

the berlin conference of 1884 influenced colonial boundaries

which is an accurate statement about partitioning of africa by european imperialist nations during the 1800s?

the cultural and ethnic diversity of the african people was disreguarded

Distinguish how the native African people reacted to the European imperialist expansion

they resisted imperialist powers, but could not over come the superior fire arms of Europeans

what best explains why european powers competed intensely for china

they wanted to market products to chinas large population

The various European powers all controlled different types of territories in order to benefit the home country. 3. Various spheres of influence

where an imperial power has dominant trading and investment rights in that area. Especially in China, where various European powers have a sphere of influence over a certain area and would control the trade.

Why did European nations pursue imperialism? 1. To spread European culture: Ideas like Christianity, democracy, technology, languages, and style of dress were being exported to these different colonies.

• Ethnocentric feelings, led Westerners to believe that their cultures were superior or above the native cultures. • Because they felt superior they felt their imperialistic actions were justified. This justification led to the belief of Social Darwinism. Which is the belief in Darwin's principle of survival of the fittest. If a native culture did not exist or did not fight against or was not able to repel the Europeans, rulers believed that native culture should not exist because it was not the fittest. • There became the belief in the white man's burden, that it was the Westerners duty to actually civilize these heathens as they called them. That it was their duty to go into these different colonies and bring that Western civilization to them.

Economic factors- Industrial Revolution & Industrialization led to imperialism.

• If you have this Industrial Revolution, you need two things to fuel that revolution. o Greater need for resources. o Desire for new markets.

Why did European nations pursue imperialism? 2. To spread Religious beliefs and convert to Christianity:

• Missionaries went to Asia and Africa. Especially in Africa, Dr. David Livingstone, to convert the native peoples to Christianity. • Religious leaders often tried to defend the native peoples against a number of injustices that took place by these imperialist powers. • Still the belief was that if these native people adopted Christianity, this was just another way that they would gradually become civilized according to the European ideals of imperialism.

Political Factors-Nationalism led to imperialism because it increased competition for power among these different European states.

• Patriotism fueled the desire for an empire. They felt that their country was better than the other. • Nations competed to create colonies. These colonies would bring raw materials to them. They would also provide a market to send these finished goods to. • Nations competed to build up their military power. If you have a massive empire of colonies all around the world, you have to protect them.

European powers varied in HOW they controlled their different types of territories. Some preferred Direct Rule others preferred Indirect Rule. Indirect Rule:

• Rule by Westerners with native participation. • Some acceptance of native cultures • Colonies were considered to be separate from the home country.

European powers varied in HOW they controlled their different types of territories. Some preferred Direct Rule others preferred Indirect Rule. Direct Rule:

• Rule by Westerners without the influence of the native peoples. • Explicit programs of cultural conversion were included. They're trying to convert these native people into a Western style people. • Colonies were considered extensions of the home country.

Social factors of imperialism led to two type of rule- Old Imperialism & New Imperialism: Old Imperialism- 1480 to 1650:

• Sought gold, cash crops, as well as trade goods • Focused on settlement and large-landed empires controlled by the Spanish. Think of South America. • Colonization was in the Americas, some in Africa, and in Australia. • Finally, they founded colonies to benefit the home country.

Social factors of imperialism led to two type of rule- Old Imperialism & New Imperialism: New Imperialism 1870 up to 1914:

• Sought raw materials and new markets for the finished goods. • Focused on small settlement. However, they had extensive government control. • Colonization mainly focused on Africa and Asia.