Chapter 4: Skin and Body Membrane

Under which of the following conditions would a decubitus ulcer form? A. Prolonged bed rest after a severe back injury. B. Third-degree burns. C. Prolonged exposure to UV light. D. Exposure to the herpes simplex virus.

A. Prolonged bed rest after a severe back injury.

What epidermal layer consists of multiple layers of living keratinocytes and scattered dendritic cells? A. Stratum spinosum. B. Stratum corneum. C. Stratum basale. D. Stratum lucidum.

A. Stratum spinosum.

Which membrane is composed of areolar connective tissue and NOT an epithelial tissue? A. Synovial membrane. B. Cutaneous membrane. C. Serous membrane. D. Mucous membrane.

A. Synovial membrane.

Which of these statements describes the papillary layer of the skin? A. This layer contains dendritic cells and Merkel cells. B. Dermal papillae contain capillary loops to nourish the epidermis. C. Melanocytes in this layer provide protection from UV radiation. D. This deep layer of the dermis is made of irregularly arranged connective tissue fibers.

B. Dermal papillae contain capillary loops to nourish the epidermis.

What is the function of the keratin found within the skin cells? A. Produces vitamin D. B. Prevents water loss. C. Absorbs ultraviolet radiation. D. Sensory perception.

B. Prevents water loss.

What type of burn does a patient have if blisters are present and the affected area is painful? A. First degree. B. Second degree. C. Third degree. D. Full thickness.

B. Second degree.

What type of membrane provides lubrication to the pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal cavities? A. Mucous membrane. B. Serous membrane. C. Cutaneous membrane. D. Synovial membrane.

B. Serous membrane.

What type of tissue makes up the epidermis of the skin? A. Dense connective tissue. B. Stratified squamous epithelium. C. Adipose tissue. D. Simple squamous epithelium.

B. Stratified squamous epithelium.

What is the function of epidermal dendritic cells? A. Produce keratin. B. Stimulate the sensory nerve endings associated with touch receptors. C. Absorb ultraviolet radiation. D. Ingest foreign substances and activate the immune system.

D. Ingest foreign substances and activate the immune system.

How is the rule of nines used by a clinician? A. To identify whether a burn is first-, second-, or third- degree. B. To diagnose the type of skin cancer. C. To determine whether the patient can survive the burns. D. To estimate fluid lost by the body by determining the extent of burns.

D. To estimate fluid lost by the body by determining the extent of burns.

Stratum basale

Deepest layer; site of rapid cell division and melanin production.

What type of membrane is composed of epithelium resting on the lamina propria, a loose connective tissue membrane? A. Synovial membrane. B. Cutaneous membrane. C. Mucous membrane. D. Serous membrane.

C. Mucous membrane.

What type of burn damages the skin so severely that regeneration of the damaged tissue is NOT possible? A. First-degree burn. B. Second-degree burn. C. Third-degree burn. D. An erythema.

C. Third-degree burn.

Stratum granulosum

Cells flatten and fill with keratin, resulting in a grainy appearance.

Stratum lucidum

Clear layer found only in thick skin; cells full of keratin.

Dermis

Contains sensory receptors, blood vessels, and nerves.

Which glands play a role in thermoregulation? A. Sebaceous glands. B. Hair follicles. C. Apocrine glands. D. Eccrine glands.

D. Eccrine glands.

Stratum spinosum

Live keratinocytes connected by desmosomes produce pre-keratin.

Epidermis

Protective outer layer.

Hypodermis

Subcutaneous fatty layer.

Stratum corneum

Thick superficial layer of flat, keratinized, dead cells; responsible for dandruff.