Chapter 6 Speech

Keep the audience in mind at every stage of speech preparation

Most of the work of audience adaptation takes place before the speech as part of the preparation process. A speaker should:

physical circumstances might be different than anticipated. The audience might respond differently than anticipated.

No matter how hard a speaker works ahead of time, things do not always go smoothly on the day of the speech. According to the text, what are some of those challenges

Fixed-Alternative Questions

Question that offers a fixed choice between two or more alternatives.

Scale Questions

Question that require responses at fixed intervals along a scale of answers.

Open-Ended Questions

Questions that allow respondents to answer however they want.

keep the certain questions constantly in mind while preparing a speech_ How is the audience likely to respond to what i will say

a speaker should

make the audience want to pay attention to his or her message

a speaker's task is to

keeping the audience foremost in mind

define audience centerdness

audience analysis that focuses on demographic factors such as age etc.

define demographic audience analysis

self centerdness

define egocentrism

identification

effective speakers seek to create a bond with their listeners by emphasizing common values and experiences. this is called what?

sent by the speaker, received by the audience

every speech contains two messages

informal inquires about their audience

for speeches outside the classroom, speakers often make

audience centered

good speakers are

the psychology of audiences

good speakers understand

examining features of the audience unique to the speaking situation at hand

the second stage of audience analysis is

To whom am i speaking to?, what do i want them to know, believe or do as a result of my speech?, what is the most effective way of composing and presenting my speech to accomplish that aim?

the speaker should keep three questions in mind as they prepare their speech

occupation, economic position, education, intelligence and place of residence

there are a number of other potentially important demographic variables they include

They should be carefully planned to elicit the necessary information. They should use all 3 types of questions to get specific and detailed info. They should be clear and unambiguous. They should be relatively brief.

there are four guidelines for effective audience-analysis questionnaires. what are those guidelines?

listeners will judge a speech on the basis of what they know and believe, speakers must take care to relate their messages to an audiences existing knowledge

these psychological principles have two important implications for speakers

age, gender, religion, sexual orientation, racial, ethnic, cultural background, group membership

what are the categories that demographic audience analysis deals with

sterotyping

when analyzing demographic information about the audience, it is essential to avoid

size, physical setting, disposition toward the topic, disposition toward the speaker, disposition toward the occasion

when dealing with audience analysis there are several factors to keep in mind

situational audience analysis

demographic audience analysis should always be combined with

They may ask the person who invites them to speak to explain the group's history and purpose. They may sound out someone else who has addressed the same group.

name one thing that the speaker may do

year in school, major, extracurricular activities, job aspirations, living arrangements

special demographic variables for classroom speeches might include

identify demographic traits of the audience

the first stage of audience analysis is