College American History ch.11-12

Since most slaves were separated from their families at one time or another, the slaves would come together and be each others family. They used religion as a form of an emotional release. These things were very important in survival in slavery. In my opinion if they didnt have these things they might have gone insane.

What roles did religion and family play in the lives of slaves?

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Why was the banking controversy so important in the 1830's? What actions did Jackson take toward the Bank? Why?

"Planter"

In the antebellum South, the owner of a large farm worked by twenty or more slaves.

Abraham Lincoln

In the militia in the Black Hawk War

Daniel Webster

Representative from New Hampshire; led the New federalists in opposition to the moving of the second National Bank; representative of Massachusetts

Harriet Beecher Stowe

A famous American author who wrote the abolitionist book, Uncle Tom's Cabin. It helped to crystallize the rift between the North and South. It has been called the greatest American propaganda novel ever written, and helped to bring about the Civil War.

Cyprien Ricard

A mulatto in Louisiana; paid $250,000 for an estate with 91 slaves.

Yeoman Farmers

An owner and cultivator of a small farm; middle class farmer in the south; did not have slaves; worked by himself

Andrew Jackson

(1767-1845) President from 1829-1837 republican and South Carolinian. Reason he won: prices of land ownership dropped in many states making more blue collar men eligible to vote. New Orleans hero. Strongly identified with the "common man". Born in poverty and no college education, built a successful career for himself in Tennessee as a lawyer. Very passionate and angry, and killed Charles Dickinson in a duel. Wanted to remove Native Americans. Supported nullification and opposed the BUS. Old Hickory.

Denmark Vesey

1822- he created a plan of free blacks to assault the white population, seize ships in the harbor, and burn Charleston and head for Santo Domingo- he was betrayed before it could happen. 25 supposed slave rebels were executed, 24 were deported and Charleston responded by curtailing the rights of free blacks who at that time outnumbered whites

Karl Marx

19th century philosopher, political economist, sociologist, humanist, political theorist, and revolutionary. Often recognized as the father of communism. Analysis of history led to his belief that communism would replace capitalism as it replaced feudalism. Believed in a classless society.

William Henry Harrison

9th president of US; died shortly after taking office; Tippecanoe and Tyler too, (1773-1841): Hero of the Battle of Tippecanoe and ninth president of the United States. Harrison, a Whig, won the 1840 election on a "Log Cabin and Hard Cider" campaign, which played up his credentials as a backwoods westerner and Indian fighter. Harrison died of pneumonia just four weeks after his inauguration.

Black Hawk

A Sauk leader who refused to leave his native Indian land in Illinois.

Jacksonian

A policy of spreading more political power to more people. It was a "Common Man" theme., this term describes the spirit of the age led by Andrew Jackson. During this period, more offices became elective, voter restrictions were reduced or eliminated, and popular participation in politics increased. The Democratic Part, led by Jackson appealed to the new body of voters by stressing the belief in rotation in office, economy in government, governmental response to popular demands and decentralization of power.

Staple Crops

A profitable market crop, such as cotton or tobacco

Gone With the Wind

A romantic drama and the only novel written by Margaret Mitchell. The story is set in Jonesboro and Atlanta, Georgia during the American Civil War, Reconstruction and follows the life of Scarlett O'Hara, the daughter of an Irish immigrant plantation owner.

Gabriel

A slave blacksmith who tried to rebel against the merchant elite but failed and was hanged along with his fellow conspirators.

Mary Chestnut

A white southern plantation mistress who kept a journal leading up to and through the Civil War. Her work sheds insights into plantation life. She also documented the prevalence of mulatto slaves on plantations and thus noting the sexual exploitation of enslaved women.

Whigs

American political party formed to oppose Andrew Jackson & Democrats

Webster-Haynes Debate

An argument between Daniel Webster and Robert Hayne, about the issue states' rights versus national power. Webster said that Hayne was a challenge to the integrity of the Union. Hayne responded with a defense of the theory of nullification. Webster then spent two full afternoons delivering what became known as his "Second Reply to Hayne." He concluded with the ringing appeal: "Liberty and Union, now and for ever, one and inseparable."

Trail of Tears

Cherokee were forced to leave their lands; more than 800 miles to indian reserves; more than 4000 indians died on war

Nullification

Concept of invalidation of federal law within the borders of a state

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Describe the new party system that emerged in the 1830's.

Slave Marriages

Didn't allow marriages but encouraged partners to forge families

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Discuss "agricultural diversity" as it relates to the Old South. Why did cotton become so important, and what significance did other crops hold for the region?

Andrew Jackson hated Indians.

Discuss President Jackson's Indian policy. How did Indians fare under his administration?

Pet Banks

During President Andrew Jackson's fight with the national bank, Jackson resolved to remove all federal deposits from it. To comply with Jackson's demands, Secretary of Treasury Taney continued to draw on government's accounts in the national bank, but deposit all new federal receipts in state banks.

Maysville Road

Federal funding for a kentucky road; vetoed by president jackson 1830, 1830 - The Maysville Road Bill proposed building a road in Kentucky (Clay's state) at federal expense. Jackson vetoed it because he didn't like Clay, and Martin Van Buren pointed out that New York and Pennsylvania paid for their transportation improvements with state money. Applied strict interpretation of the Constitution by saying that the federal government could not pay for internal improvements.

Nicholas Biddle

He was president of the second Bank of the United States. In response to President Andrew Jackson's attacks on the bank, Biddle curtailed the bank's loans and exchanged its paper currency for gold and silver. He was hoping to provoke an economic crisis to prove the bank's importance. In response, state banks began printing paper without restraintand lent it to speculators, causing a binge in speculating and an enormous increase in debt.

Nat Turner

He was the leader of the only slave revolt to get past the planning stages. In August of 1831, the revolt began with the slaves killing the members of Turner's master's household. Then they attacked other neighboring farmhouses and recruited more slaves until the militia crushed the revolt. At least fifty-five whites were killed during the uprising and seventeen slaves were hanged afterwards.

In the lower south, states were increasingly dependent in slave labor. In the middle south, they were a lot less dependent on slave labor and in some areas didnt have any slave labor. In the upper south, slavery was beginning to decline by 1860.

How important was slavery to the economy of the Old South? Discuss its effects on agriculture, industry, and any other relevant aspects of the South.

Lilburn Lewis

Jefferson's nephew; with his brother Isham, tied up a seventeen year old slave and cut him up with an axe in front of seven other slaves, then forced one of the other slaves to dismember the body and throw the pieces into the fireplace. They did this while intoxicated.

Charles Deslondes

Leader of the largest slave revolt in american history in 1811 attacked the plantation house planter wscaped but his son didnt a trusted mixed race slave overseer responsible for supervising the field hands, Charles Deslondes was one of the slave leaders of the 1811 German Coast Uprising, a slave revolt that began on January 8, 1811 in the Territory of Orleans. He led more than 200 rebels against the plantations along the Mississippi River toward New Orleans. White planters formed militias and ended up hunting down the rebels. The slave insurgents killed two white men, and the militias and executions killed 95 slaves.

Free Blacks

Lived in urban areas; lived under black laws; that were told where they could work and live; 1/3 of the families in the South owned slaves.

Slave Religion

Many africans brought belief of 1 Supreme God and recognized christian beliefs so they adopted christianity., A distinctive version of Christianity adopted by slaves in the face of hardship. A blend of African traditions and Christian belief, slave religion was practiced in secret nighttime meetings on plantations and in ''praise meetings.'', This religion was more emotional and reflected the influence of African customs; it involved fervent chanting, spontaneous exclamations from the congregation and ecstatic conversion experiences

Anti-Masons

Minor party; founded on a single issue party, opposed free masonry

John Eaton

Secretary of war; had an affair with peggy, Andrew Jackson's secretary of war whose wife was married to him while she was still married to another man; other members of the cabinet and their families shunned this man and his wife, Jackson shows remorse because this happened to his wife and fires his cabinet members and hires new ones.

Slave Resistance

Slaves resisted in various ways, including: limiting the quantity of their work, slowing down, working carelessly, damaging property ("rascality"), feigning illness or injury, feigning pregnancy, running away, stealing, self-inflicting injury, suicide, and violence. Because slaves could not blatantly overthrow the system, they instead resisted it

Peggy Eaton

Social scandal; John Eaton secretary of war had an affair with Peggy O'Neal; Peggy's husband died in 1828; became peggy eaton, Social scandal (1829-1831) - John Eaton, Secretary of War, stayed with the Timberlakes when in Washington, and there were rumors of his affair with Peggy Timberlake even before her husband died in 1828. Many cabinet members snubbed the socially unacceptable Mrs. Eaton. Jackson sided with the Eatons, and the affair helped to dissolve the cabinet - especially those members associated with John C. Calhoun (V.P.), who was against the Eatons and had other problems with Jackson.

Henry Clay

Spokesman for american system; speaker of the house in 1820; promoted economic nationalism; formulated the "second" missouri compromise; secretary for john q adams

Celia

Teenage girl sold as a sex slave to robert newsom. He raped her and got her pregnant. She fell in love with another slave and robert found out and tried to rape her again and she struck him and killed him

John C. Calhoun

Vice President; introduced the bill for the 2nd national bank to congress & led the minority southern who voted for the tariff of 1816

Martin Van Buren

Vice president during jackson's second term; elected president in 1836, "founder of the Democratic Party". Friend of Andrew Jackson. Became president in 1836. In the Panic of 1837, he put $37 million to the states but it didn't help. He spent his 4 years with bank failures, bankruptcies and massive unemployment.

John Tyler

Vice president for william henry harrison tippecanoe and tyler too, "His Accidency." The first VP to become President due to the death of the President. He assumed the Presidency in 1841 following the death of William Henry Harrison. Even though he was technically a Whig, his policies were more like those of the Democrats and so he became quite contoversial.

Uncle Tom's Cabin

Written in 1852 by Harriet Beecher Stowe; deep moral conviction; displayed humanity and suffering of slaves; featured agonies of slave families and mother's journey of escape; exposed Northern racism and brought out idea of slavery when before there was not much awareness; over one million copies sold by 1853; alarmed southern whites (what if slavery outlawed?)