Comm 101 Final study set

Practice makes perfect, according to the textbook

True under some circumstances

An informative speech can under some circumstances have opinion as its basis.

False

Audiences appreciate definitions of commonly used terms in speeches so that they understand your point of view more.

False

Because ethics is a universal philosophical study with a long history, individual experience is largely irrelevant to ethical decisions.

False

Beliefs are true statements about the world around us that determine our behavior.

False

Blank walls are the preferred background for online speeches.

False

By their very nature, facts do not need citation when used to prove a point.

False

Civil discourse can largely be defined as polite discourse, where name-calling and insults are minimized.

False

Which statement is the LEAST true in representing your use of Wikipedia in your speech class research?

Wikipedia information is about 90% reliable.

If you were giving a speech about how climate change is affecting sea levels around the world, which would be the most useful?

a chart of CO2 levels in the atmosphere

Hand gestures are out of place in public speaking and should be avoided.

False

If you are given a poster presentation, for example at a student scholarship showcase for undergraduate research, you do not have to practice your talk because it will be driven by questions visitors ask.

False

If you understand how to cite sources correctly in an academic paper, you can apply that same system to an oral communication presentation.

False

In general, you will want to use the exact wording of the sources you use, even in long quotations, to maintain authenticity.

False

Irony is a useful tool in public speaking because it elicits a response of humor.

False

It is best to remind the audience that you are at the conclusion of your speech two or three times.

False

It is effective to use your laptop or iPad for notes in your speech.

False

Language is tool used by humans that is separate from their identities.

False

One of the best techniques for public speaking is to turn your speech into one long story.

False

One of the most important aspects of using presentation aids is that well-designed ones are self-contained and can explain themselves.

False

Parallelism is seen in this phrase: Language should include everyone rather than exclude anyone.

False

Practicing with an audience is unnecessary because it cannot prepare you for the real experience.

False

Public speaking is an activity about which you should feel urgency to communicate your message, so waiting until a day or two before the speech is a good idea to achieve a spontaneous, natural feel.

False

Secondary sources are useful in the Humanities but not other disciplinary fields.

False

Similarities between the audience and the speaker have no effect on the speaker's credibility with the audience.

False

Slippery slope arguments are so common that if someone claims an argument is a slippery slope, it probably is

False

Starting on time is not important in online speaking.

False

The communication styles that Deborah Tannen and other scholars discuss in terms of male and female communication are negative and should be eliminated.

False

The correct order of voice production is phonation, breathing, resonation, and articulation.

False

The most concrete term you can use is always the best choice.

False

The most important quality of a hypothetical narrative used in a speech is that they should be creative, literary, and imaginative so that they grab the audience's attention.

False

The rise of the Internet, with its wide variety of available platforms, has made legal decisions about freedom of expression much easier.

False

The textbook for your class is an example of a primary source because it was written by college professors.

False

This is an adequate specific purpose statement: "To inform my classmates about the superiority of MAC computers over PCs."

False

To approximate eye contact, it is a good idea to think of three spaces on the back wall and focus on that.

False

It is very rare to see a memorized speech, either in the classroom or on the Internet.

false

Since race is such a controversial subject, the speaker should not consider it as part of analyzing the audience.

false

Which statement is true about the action step in Monroe's Motivated Sequence?

it should specify immediate, small actions that can be taken to address the problem

"After a serviceman or woman leaves the military, they must find a use for the MOS." This is an example of ____.

jargon

A straw man argument takes place when

a speaker takes a weak or faulty but small part of an opponent's position and blows it up out of proportion.

The meaning of attitude is ___.

a stable, positive or negative response to a person, idea, object, or policy

What error in reasoning is exemplified by the following statement? "I always wear my blue sweater when I take an exam, but I couldn't find it yesterday. If I had worn it yesterday, I would not have flunked my accounting exam."

false cause

The textbook uses building a house or following a recipe for cooking to building arguments. What kind of reasoning was it?

figurative analogy, and therefore only good for illustration purposes

Speeches that are given with little or no preparation, "spur of the moment" are _____.

impromptu

Cicero formulated the canons of rhetoric. Which is the correct order?

invention, organization, style, memory, delivery

What word means "statements that cannot be argued"?

irrefutable

One of the problems with a small audience is _____.

the audience's feeling they can interrupt

The meaning of connotative is ___

the subjective or personal meaning a word or symbol evokes in people together or individual

Which is not an example of feedback?

the temperature in the room

The correct name for a raised platform or stage is ____.

podium

What kind of logical fallacy is this argument? "Governor Deal should not have been elected. After he was re-elected in 2014, the water bills of everyone in my neighborhood went up 20%."

post hoc ergo propter hoc

You use a study done by a professor at the University of Arizona in your research. In this study, he did an experiment on perception involving college students and movie advertisements, and he published it in the Journal of Experimental Psychology. What type of research is this?

primary

The word used by the Roman scholars of rhetoric, "invention" comes from a word that means _____.

to discover

Where in a speech would you see evidence of planned redundancy?

transitional statements

Which is not a common error in speech introductions?

using a startling statistic in the first line

The term "planned redundancy" refers to _____.

using preview and summary statements and internal previews

Manuscript speeches are best for _____.

very formal occasions where exact wording is needed

Sounds and words such as "uh" or "you know" or "like" are called ___.

vocalized pauses

Which of the following would you most likely find in a speech introduction?

A startling statement or fact

Arithmetic average and median are commonly confused but mean very distinct things.

True

Figurative language compares things that are essentially the same, and literal language (tied to literary) compares things that are essentially different.

True

Monotone voice can come from lack of energy and passion and reading the text of the speech.

True

Monroe's Motivated Sequence takes the basic problem-solution format and expands it.

True

One error often made in inductive reasoning is taking too large of a "leap" from examples to conclusion.

True

One of the important things to work on in practicing with an audience is eye contact.

True

One of the problems with smaller audience size is that audience members may feel it is all right to interrupt.

True

Our understanding of the concept of ethos today is somewhat different from Aristotle's in that we understand it as based in the audience whereas he saw it as an innate characteristic of the speaker.

True

Search engines such as Google and Yahoo allow you to narrow the search through certain filters, as you can do in library databases.

True

Similar to the main points of a speech, categories of information on a graph should probably be kept to about five.

True

Some opinions are phrased in ways that make them sound like facts.

True

Statistics include numerical facts, ratios, percentages, and more complex ways of analyzing and comparing numerical data.

True

The correct sequence for formulating your central idea statement is to start with how your own interests, your audience, and your speech context flow together to create the specific purpose and then the central idea.

True

The importance of ethics of communication has been debated since at least the classical Greeks' time.

True

The red herring fallacy refers to statements that introduce an irrelevant issue to divert attention from the subject under discussion.

True

The specific purpose statement has three sections: the specific communication word, the target audience, and the content

True

This is an adequate specific purpose statement: "To explain to the campus volunteer club the new method for logging their service hours."

True

To "read laterally" means to read what other sources say about the material or source of the information.

True

Today's library catalogs include electronic books as well as physical books on the shelves, or "stacks" of the library you are accessing.

True

Using "truncation" in research allows you to find more varieties of the same word.

True

Which statement is true about speaker credibility?

Citing reliable sources can add to your credibility as a speaker.

Who said that if a man can defend himself physically, he should be able to defend himself verbally and rationally?

Aristotle

Which of the following is true about using a microphone?

Clip-on style microphones work fine as well as you don't look down and speak directly into it.

Which of the following is the final step in Monroe's motivated sequence?

action

According to the textbook, fear appeals are ineffective except in extreme situations, when the audience is particularly hostile.

False

In this list of numbers, what is the median? 97, 96, 95, 93, 93, 90, 87, 86, 84, 78, 75, 74, 70, 68, 65.

86

When recording a speech, you should:

? Stand up to record your whole body.?

Ben starts his speech this way: "Did you know that every year 2.7 million animals are euthanized in shelters? I don't know about you, but I find that number shocking. It's up to people like you to do something about this huge problem. In my speech I'll discuss this issue." Which is a good critique of this introduction?

? Two of these are true. ?

In decades past, economists used to joke that the stock market went up and down with the length that the fashion world prescribed for women's skirts; if the stock market went down, skirts were worn longer. What kind of reasoning were they using?

? this is sign reasoning, but a fallacious example, because the two are not really connected 22 . The textbook refers to ______ as "bottom-up thinking" and ______ as "top-down" thinking. ?

The difference between a "soft" and "hard" introduction is?

A "soft" introduction is for on time audience members and a "hard" introduction is for those who are late.

Age is one demographic characteristic where a speaker can expect the audience's age groups to be consistent and predictable.

False

This is a portion from Dr. King's I Have a Dream Speech. "One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. One hundred years later, the Negro is still languished in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land."Which rhetorical devices does he use?

A and D - anaphora and alliteration

What is the "fairness doctrine"?

A rule used by the federal government about the presentation of views on radio and television

Which is the following is true about demographic characteristics?

All of a-d are true.

How does "time" affect a presentation?

A-C are all true.

Why do most people find persuasion hard?

All of a-d.

The introduction of the speech should be

About 10-15% of speech time

If you have to give a 5:00 to 7:00 minute speech, what time should you shoot for in your practice?

About 6:00 in case you speak too fast or forget something and have to add it in at the last minute.

When preparing for your presentation you should:

All of these are correct.

Which is good advice for personally interviewing sources for a speech?

Be sure to choose someone with first-hand, especially professional, experience of the topic.

Utilizing the words And, Or, and Not in a search engine is called

Boolean search

Which is not good advice for using statistics in a speech?

Choose to use one of the main sections of your speech devoted to statistical material.

Which of these statements is not true?

Empathetic listening takes place when listening to music, poetry, or literature.

A central idea statement is the same as the specific purpose statement.

False

A literal analogy compares two things that are essentially different but have one or two superficial similarities, while a figurative analogy compares two essentially alike things.

False

A rhetorical question is used to get the audience to respond and start discussing the topic among themselves.

False

A speech with the specific purpose: "To describe for my audience the battles of World War II in the Pacific" is a viable topic for an informative speech.

False

A symposium is a group of experts holding an open discussion in front of an audience.

False

Which is most concrete?

General Electric Model 4700 Microwave

Which of the following is not true about listening, according to the textbook?

Good note-taking is transcribing as much of what the speaker says as possible.

"In this speech, I would like to examine three areas related to how your college education will be improved by an internship..."

Planned redundancy

The statement the textbook uses to discuss the controversial nature of language is ____.

He who defines the terms wins the debate.

The purpose of the lectern is to _____

Hold speakers' notes

Which statement is true about the place of the central idea in actually giving the speech?

It comes after the attention-getting material.

What is the idea behind the canons of rhetoric?

It is a traditional way of explaining the process of public speaking.

Mary wants to use a short survey to prepare her class speech. Her thesis is "Drivers over the age of 75 should be retested to renew their drivers licenses every two years." Her first question is "Do you oppose or support stricter regulations on elderly drivers to keep the roads safer?" Critique her first question.

It is not good because the wording is biased.

Which statement is true about the specific purpose statement?

It is written as an infinitive phrase.

Janna is giving a speech about reducing the amount of carbohydrates in our diets. She says, "Many people think that we should have six or seven servings of carbohydrates every day. But they are wrong."

Janna should bring up what people think, but not so bluntly.

The philosophy of utilitarianism was espoused by

Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill

John orders some parts from his car from a big online parts warehouse. In January he gets the delivery but it is not what he ordered, so he has to send it back and deal with customer service. In April he tries again with a different part, and again the company makes a mistake. "I am never going to order parts from an online company again. All they do is mess up." What can we conclude from this example?

John has used faulty inductive reasoning because he has taken too large of a step from the evidence to the conclusion.

When setting up lighting, you should:

Make the area as bright as possible and place the light source behind the camera.

Toni knows that over half of the students in her class are nursing or allied health majors. She is a biology major, so she decides to give her informative speech on the history of the discovery of DNA. Has she made a good decision?

Maybe, but she should think about other characteristics of the audience, too.

Which would be an example of a homogeneous audience?

Nursing students at your college.

Which of these is good advice for delivery, according to the textbook?

Only bring to the lectern what you absolutely need to give the speech

When the word "And" is used with in a search engine with two separate search terms, the results will be

Only the sites that use both the first term and second term.

According to the text, the "20" in the 10-20-30 Rule of PowerPoint stands for:

Only use 20 words per slide.

The "30" in the 10-20-30 Rule of PowerPoint stands for:

Only use 30 point font or larger.

Of the three words And, Or, and Not, using which one will probably result in the most websites or articles brought up?

Or

In jurisprudence today, freedom of speech is rephrased as "freedom ...."

Of expression

The 7X7 rule means

PowerPoint slides should limit the number of rows of text and length of words to 7x7.

Which of the following is not true?

Public speaking is a valuable way to relay a significant amount of detailed information to your audience.

Which best defines planned redundancy?

Purposefully repeating organizational elements of the speech to help the audience follow the structure and logic of speech.

When preparing for your online presentation you should:

Record yourself and review it critically to find where you need to make changes.

Large amounts of data, graphs, or charts should be:

Sent to the audience ahead of time.

Juana starts her speech like this: "Love is the most important human emotion. Webster's Dictionary defines love as an intense feeling of deep affection. We all need love in our lives. Parents with children, friends with friends, husbands and wives. Where would we be without love? My speech today will look at how you can express your love more clearly to those around you." Which of the following is true about her introduction?

She resorts to a pedantic method of introducing her topic.

When including video elements in your presentation, they should be:

Short.

What is NOT a common error in presentation aids?

Showing when they are not being discussed.

What does the "fair use" standard mean?

Since students aren't making money from a source that they use in a speech or paper, it is all right to use the material appropriately and with proper citation.

What does the text suggest you can you do to increase your energy level for online speaking?

Stand up when speaking.

Originally, censorship meant ___.

The King of England or Parliament could prevent publication beforehand, or punish it afterward.

The acronym WIIFM refers to

The audience asking why the subject/purpose is important to them.

Delivering speeches online is different than speaking live. Which of the statements are true?

The audience is more likely to multitask and/or fall asleep with online speeches.

Where should you look during an online speech?

The camera.

Which is acceptable?

The police officer finished the report for the sales associate.

You should try to achieve eye contact during ___ % of your speech.

There is no set amount, but the instructor will probably have a standard.

"He who defines the terms wins the debate" means

Those who can set the parameters of word meanings will be able to control how others think about the issues.

Which is the best specific purpose speech for an informative speech?

To describe to my classmates the process by which the College Bowl Series chooses a national champion.

Benjamin wants to deliver an informative speech on his favorite topic, comics. Which specific purpose is probably best?

To explain to my classmates the evolution of Batman's character from his creation to the Dark Knight trilogy.

Which is a good central idea statement?

To inform my audience about the three types of life insurance available on the market today.

"Jenna is as mean as a snake before she gets her coffee in the morning" is a figurative analogy.

True

A chart is mainly different from a graph in that a graph deals with numerical data using dots, bars, and lines while a chart can deal with other data.

True

A common mistake speakers make in regard to the lectern is to grip it.

True

A directional microphone is one that only picks up a speaker's voice when coming from a specific direction.

True

A problem with pictographs is the depiction of parts or fractions of amounts.

True

A speaker wanting to use humor in his/her presentation should be sure to practice the joke or anecdote to maximize its effectiveness.

True

A speech with the specific purpose: "To inform my audience about the United States government official policies toward alien research" is a viable informative speech topic.

True

Why should a speaker use clipart on the slides?

When it is appropriate for the tone and purpose of the speech

Which is true about attention as a psychological principle?

What we pay attention to is affected by past training or educational experiences.

Audiences are asking two basic questions while listening to a speaker.

Why is this topic important to me/Why should I listen to the speaker?

"To persuade my fellow communication majors to take part in a for-credit internship in their senior year" is a good specific purpose statement.

Yes, it is in the right format and specific

The factor of attention "proximity" relates to which of the following:

Your audience sits close together and is not far from you as the speaker.

Speeches are classified by purposes of to inform, to persuade, and a third category. Which type of speech fits into the third category?

a eulogy at a funeral

"Ghosting" is:

a problem associated with virtual backgrounds.

The difference between a simile and metaphor is that _____.

a-c are all correct b

Which of the following are true about the difference between perception and attention?

all of these are true

"Someone with recognized credentials, knowledge, education, and/or experience in a subject" is _________.

an expert

This is a portion from Dr. King's I Have a Dream Speech. "I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character." This portion uses which rhetorical devices? (check all that apply)

antithesis

Which step of voice production is responsible for the rate of the voice?

articulation

Which of the following is a quality of slide design?

balance

The following statement is an example of what type of fallacy? "Eliminating the space program is clearly the right thing to do. A recent poll by CBS polling organization showed that 65 percent of Americans thought we should abolish the program."

bandwagon or appeal to popularity

Based on the textbook's definition of persuasion (from Perloff), which of these is not persuasion?

being held-up at gunpoint

What type of informative speech topic is a speech with the specific purpose: "To explain to my classmates the life of Mother Teresa"?

biography

What type of informative speech topic is a speech with the specific purpose: "To explain to my classmates the four characteristics of a diamond?"

categories or divisions

Post hoc, ergo proper hoc, meaning "after the fact, therefore because of the fact," is a fallacy associated with reasoning.

causal

What kind of reasoning is exemplified in the following statement? "According to a study by the University of Washington, single men in the United States develop heart disease at an average of 40 percent higher than single women. It seems clear, then, that being male is a contributing factor in developing poor health."

causal reasoning

This definition: "Diabetes is a disease affecting the endocrine system" is an example of

classification and differentiation

"Janet is a diamond in the rough" is a ____

cliché

Which is a good piece of advice if your instructor assigns a symposium?

communicate clearly with your team members to avoid overlapping topics.

Models of communication are helpful in understanding it, but limited because ___

communication is a dynamic process

Which of the following is a factor of attention?

conflict

When you give a persuasive speech on a question of value, you need to

deal with all three basic issues of need, solution, and solvency.

The specific purpose "To persuade my audience that their Second Amendment rights do not include ownership of assault weapons" is a proposition of

definition

Miriam needs to talk to her mother about wanting to change her major. She could go in and say, "Mom, I'm changing my major." But she thinks about how her mother will accept the message and tries a different way to express herself. This is an example of

encoding

Using your credentials and believability in your speech is an example of what Aristotle called

ethos.

"Revenue enhancement" is an example of _____.

euphemism

The type of speech delivery we use in this class is

extemporaneous

Informative speeches should be based entirely on ______.

facts

What type of informative speech topic is a speech with the specific purpose: "To inform my audience about the legal definition of privacy"?

ideas or concepts

What fallacy is committed in this argument? "I don't think that the checkout workers at Kroger are very friendly. I tried to strike up a conversation with one last week, and with one a month ago, and they did not respond."

hasty generalization

What type of informative speech topic is a speech with the specific purpose: "To explain to my classmates the development of the football's design"?

history

What type of informative speech topic is a speech with the specific purpose: "To explain to my classmates how the meanings of libel and slander are different in the United States and United Kingdom?"

ideas or concepts

"Wheaties cereal is the healthiest of the major brands of cereal. Basketball player Kyrie Irving says so." This quotation is an example of

inappropriate appeal to authority

The textbook refers to ______ as "bottom-up thinking" and ______ as "top-down" thinking.

induction, deduction

________ plus ________ equals Persuasion.

information, change

Speeches are classified by purposes of to inform, to persuade, and a third category.Which group of words fits into the third category?

inspire, entertain, amuse

What is the main value of extemporaneous speaking?

it allows flexibility to add or subtract points or information

Your instructor will probably want you to present your speech extemporaneously because _______.

it is the most common and practical method of delivering a speech

Aristotle's term for evidence and good arguments was ____.

logos

Speeches that are read to the audience are _____ speeches.

manuscript

Which type of speech delivery is utilized by the people like the President at the State of the Union?

manuscript

The textbook's preferred definition of persuasion _____.

notes that persuasion is a symbolic process

This definition "Quid pro quo sexual harassment can be seen when a supervisor asks a subordinate for a date, is refused, and then put the employee on second shift instead of first."

operational definition

Appeals to fear, compassion, guilt, or pride are the kinds of appeals that Aristotle referred to as

pathos.

"A process in which other scholars have read a work of scholarly writing and evaluated whether it meets the quality standards of a particular publication and/or discipline" is the definition of _________.

peer-reviewed

A state of experiencing "significant and persistent fear when in the presence of or anticipating the object of fear" is the scholarly definition of

phobia

Speeches of policy should use the _________ form of organization.

problem-solution

What type of informative speech topic is a speech with the specific purpose: "To explain to my classmates the sequence of steps in getting a tattoo"?

processes

If you are called upon to give an impromptu speech, what should you keep in mind?

quickly plan a basic structure to keep you on track

The relationship or connection a speaker makes with the audience is _____.

rapport

Several fallacies are related to causal reasoning. Which one of these is NOT related to causal reasoning.

red herring

If you find an article on the Internet that you want to use is behind a paywall, what should you do?

see if it's available in your college's library database

Which of the following is not a form of inductive reasoning?

syllogistic

Phonation refers to the ________________.

the creation of sounds in the vocal folds

What is the best use of hands in a speech?

to use them to emphasize meaning and points

A specific purpose statement begins with an infinitive phrase.

yes

In the example, "According to a study by the University of Washington, single men in the United States develop heart disease at an average of 40 percent higher than single women. It seems clear, then, that being male is a contributing factor in developing poor health." Is a fallacy committed?

yes, false cause