Concept 14

For both men and women, values over _________ are used to define overweight.

25

Consuming food whose energy content equals the energy expended by the body is called

Caloric balance

The current "gold standard" method for accurately assessing body composition is

DXA

True or false Excess fat in the lower body carries more health nisks than excess fat the upper body

False

Body fatness ranges that are between 10% and 20% for men and 128% for women are considered to be

In the healthy range

Which of the following statements are true regarding basal metabolic rate?

It increases on days when active people exercise, It can stay elevated for hours after a bout of vigorous physical activity, It is higher in people with more lean tissue and less body fat.

Which of the following statements about visceral fat are true

It is associated with high blood It can be reduced with regular activity . It is located in the abdominal cavity

Which of the following statements about childhood obesity are true?

It may cause the body to produce more fat cells. It is a good predictor of obesity in adulthood . It leads to a greater risk of developing diabetes or dying prematurely .

Which of the following statements are true of dual-energy absorptiometry, or DXA?

It measures whole body fatness as well as fat stored in specific parts of the body It can provide estimates of bone density

Resistance to what compound associated with altening appetite and metabolism , has been hypothesized to possible

Leptin

The clinical term for excessively high body fat is

Obesities

Which of the following statements about obesity are true?

Obesity impairs the function of most systems of the body. Obesity is better viewed from the standpoint of loss of quality of life instead of total years of life lost .

Which of the following statements about obesity trends in the population is accurate?

Obesity rates are higher for those without a college education

What indicator is used to reflect the overall fat content of the body?

Percent body fat

Which of the following statements about obesity levels in the United States is true?

They are very high, with an increasing percentage of people who are extremely obese.

For women, a body fat percentage below 10 percent is considered

Too low

True or false: High levels of body fat may not increase a person's disease risk if that person has good metabolic fitness

True

True or false: Individuals who are overweight or obese as children are more likely to be overweight or obese as adults

True

True or false: One estimate implicates obesity as the cause of 40 percent of all cancer diagnoses

True

True or false: The term epidemic is often used to describe the rapid increase in the obesity rate in the United States.

True

Metabolic health problems are most closely associated with

Visceral fat

The combined presence of eating disorderslow energy availability, amenorrheaand decreased bone mineral density is most likely to affect which of the following groups?

Women athletes

Absent infrequent menstruation sometimes caused by insufficient body fat is known as

amenorrhea

The most effective way to lose fat on a weight loss program is to

combine physical activity and diet

The cause of "creeping obesity" as people age is

decreases in activity and BMR

The minimum amount of fat necessary to maintain healthful living is known as

essential fat

Which of the following is most characteristic of bulimia?

food restriction to the point of emaciation

Which of the following athletes would be most likely to suffer from anorexia athletica?

gymnast

Disorders such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia, and binge eating disorder are most common in

highly achievement -oriented girls and young women

Fat in the upper body

is referred to as android fat and is more characteristic of men than women

Studies have shown that

it is possible for someone to be fit and overweight at the same time.

Which of the following are characteristic of someone with the female athlete triad?

low estrogen levels low body fat levels reduced bone density

Research suggests that obesity

may cut 8 to 10 years from life expectancy

susceptibility genes

may predispose a person to become obese

Monitoring weight daily

may prevent normal-weight people from gaining weight.

A person trying to reduce body fat

must have a caloric deficit of 3,500 calories to lose one pound of fat

In order to lose weight

people may need 200 to 300 minutes of activity per week

The most effective method of losing fat is

physical activity combined with dietary restriction

Physical Activity

provides protection against the health risks of a high BMI

Somatotype is a term that

refers to a person's body type

Bioelectric impedance analysis is based on measuring

resistance to current flow

A theoretical concept describing the way the body protects current weight and resists change is known as

set-point

The essential amount of body fat

should be no less than 5% for men and 10% for women

Which of the following is a method of assessing body composition through the use of air displacement?

the Bod Pod

To measure body composition, DXA uses

the attenuation of two energy sources

Decreased bone density, menstrual irregularities, and low energy are symptoms that define

the female athlete triad

For women a body percentage below 10 percent considered

too low

When measuring body composition , you should

understand that the values are estimates and not absolute indicators .

The decision to classify obesity as a disease

was due to strong evidence of genetic predisposition to obesity.

Energy expenditure in a rested state is referred to as

Basal metabolic rate

The largest component of total daily energy expenditure is the

Basal metabolic rate

Which of the following statements about Body Mass Index (BMI) is true?

BMI can sometimes be misleading, because muscle is denser than fat

Body Mass Index (BM) is a measure of

body composition

According to prevailing obesity research, the potential risk for obesity is influenced by

both genetics and the environment

Creeping obesity can be countered in which of the following ways?

by staying active and maintaining muscle mass Keeping BMR high through adequate physical activity by decreasing caloric intake at age 65 by 10 % of what was al age 25