Conduction

Eddie and Val observed the picture of an athlete running in a race. Eddie stated the picture shows potential energy being transformed to kinetic energy. Val stated that it shows chemical energy being transformed to mechanical energy. Which best explains who is correct? Only Eddie is correct because the picture does not show a transformation that starts with chemical energy. Only Eddie is correct because the picture does not show a transformation that ends with mechanical energy. Both Eddie and Val are correct because chemical energy is a type of potential energy and mechanical energy includes kinetic energy. Both Eddie and Val are correct because chemical energy is a type of kinetic energy and mechanical energy includes potential energy.

Both Eddie and Val are correct because chemical energy is a type of potential energy and mechanical energy includes kinetic energy.

The human body stores chemical energy from digested food. Some of the chemical energy is converted into mechanical energy when the body moves. Which statement is best supported by this information? The body does not convert chemical energy to thermal energy. The body does not convert chemical energy to kinetic energy. Digested food is a source of potential energy. Digested food is a form of radiant energy.

Digested food is a source of potential energy.

This chart lists four examples of two objects that are in contact. Which statement accurately describes the flow of heat in each example? Heat will flow from Object 1 to Object 2 in examples 2 and 4, and heat will flow from Object 2 to Object 1 in examples 1 and 3. Heat will flow from Object 1 to Object 2 in examples 1 and 3, and heat will flow from Object 2 to Object 1 in examples 2 and 4. Heat will flow from Object 1 to Object 2 in Example 3, and heat will flow from Object 2 to Object 1 in examples 1, 2, and 4. Heat will flow from Object 1 to Object 2 in examples 1, 2, and 4, and heat will flow from Object 2 to Object 1 in Example 3.

Heat will flow from Object 1 to Object 2 in examples 1, 2, and 4, and heat will flow from Object 2 to Object 1 in Example 3.

A scientist designed a foam container to help keep frozen foods from melting. Which best explains how the foam works? It removes thermal energy from the air inside the container. It removes thermal energy from the frozen foods inside the container. It reduces the amount of thermal energy that is transferred from inside to outside the container. It reduces the amount of thermal energy that is transferred from outside to inside the container.

It reduces the amount of thermal energy that is transferred from outside to inside the container.

Mintu wants to increase the heat transfer between a metal iron and another piece of metal he wants to shape. He decides to increase the time the two metals are in contact, use a larger metal iron, and use a new metal material with a higher specific heat. Where is Mintu's error? Mintu should have decreased the size of the metal iron. Mintu should have decreased the time he touches the two metals. Mintu should have chosen a material with a lower specific heat. Mintu should have chosen a material the same temperature as the iron.

Mintu should have chosen a material with a lower specific heat.

Alana drew diagrams to show how particles in a spoon move before and after the spoon is placed in hot liquid. Which best explains how to correct Alana's error? Make the particles in both diagrams larger. Show more movement in the "Before" diagram. Add more particles to the "After" diagram. Switch the labels on the diagrams.

Switch the labels on the diagrams.

The diagram shows a swinging pendulum. Which best explains what happens to the motion of the pendulum? The mechanical energy transforms to thermal energy as the pendulum slows and eventually stops moving. The mechanical energy disappears as the pendulum slows and eventually stops moving. The pendulum will continue moving at the same speed until someone stops it because energy cannot be destroyed. The pendulum will slow down but will never stop moving because energy cannot be destroyed.

The mechanical energy transforms to thermal energy as the pendulum slows and eventually stops moving.

A battery has chemical energy, which can be used to generate thermal and radiant energy in a lightbulb. Which best explains what happens to the amount of energy in this scenario? The total energy in the system increases because chemical energy creates thermal and radiant energy. The total energy in the system decreases because chemical energy disappears as thermal and radiant energy are generated. The total energy in the system remains the same as the decrease in chemical energy equals the increase in thermal and radiant energy. The total energy in the system remains the same as the increase in chemical energy equals the decrease in thermal and radiant energy.

The total energy in the system remains the same as the decrease in chemical energy equals the increase in thermal and radiant energy.

Taro stated that when someone hits a golf ball with a club, the amount of energy the ball has changes, the amount of energy that the club has changes, and the total energy of the system that includes the ball and the club increases. Which best explains Taro's error? The amount of energy that the ball has does not change. The amount of energy that the club has does not change. The total energy of the system remains the same. The total energy of the system decreases.

The total energy of the system remains the same.

How is thermal energy transferred during conduction? Check all that apply. Thermal energy is transferred between particles that are not touching each other. Thermal energy is transferred between particles that are in direct contact with each other. Thermal energy is transferred between objects of different temperatures. Thermal energy is transferred between objects of the same temperature. Thermal energy is transferred from slow-moving particles to fast-moving particles. Thermal energy is transferred from fast-moving particles to slow-moving particles.

Thermal energy is transferred between particles that are in direct contact with each other. Thermal energy is transferred between objects of different temperatures. Thermal energy is transferred from fast-moving particles to slow-moving particles.

The metal aluminum coils in an air conditioner conduct thermal energy from inside the house and release it outside the house. What can be said about the coils when they are accepting the heat inside the house? They must be warmer than the air inside the house. They must be cooler than the air inside the house. They must have more thermal energy than the air inside the house. They must be more insulated than the air inside the house.

They must be cooler than the air inside the house.

Conduction can occur within a single substance, but parts of the substance must have which property? different temperatures different textures different particle sizes different colors

different temperatures

Solar-powered cars use energy from the Sun to work. A panel on the car absorbs light energy from the Sun, which then generates an electric current. This electric current, in turn, allows the car to move. Which shows the correct order of energy transformations that take place in a solar-powered car? electrical, chemical, kinetic electrical, kinetic, radiant radiant, chemical, electrical radiant, electrical, mechanical

radiant, electrical, mechanical

An insulated lunch bag keeps food warm by increasing the thermal energy of the lunch bag. increasing the thermal energy of the food. slowing the transfer of thermal energy from the air outside the bag to the food inside the bag. slowing the transfer of thermal energy from the food inside the bag to the air outside the bag.

slowing the transfer of thermal energy from the food inside the bag to the air outside the bag.

Which factors affect heat transfer between a warm and a cool substance? the time it took to heat the substance, the area of contact, and the specific heats of the substances the amount of time of contact, the area of contact, and the specific heats of the substances the time it took to heat the substance, the area of the substances, and the specific heats of the substances the amount of time of contact, the area of the substances, and the specific heats of the substances

the amount of time of contact, the area of contact, and the specific heats of the substances

Earl is using his hands to hold a metal pan 10 centimeters above a hot burner. How can this scenario be changed to demonstrate conduction between the pan and the burner? increase the temperature of the burner use a glass pan instead of a metal pan use foam potholders to hold the pan touch the pan to the burner

touch the pan to the burner

While Felicia is stirring her hot coffee with a metal spoon, she gets called away. She sets the coffee on the desk and then forgets to come back for it before going home for the weekend. How long will conduction between the spoon and the hot coffee occur? Conduction will occur until the spoon is hotter than the coffee. Conduction will occur until the spoon is at room temperature and the coffee gets cold. Conduction will occur until the spoon is removed from the coffee after the weekend. Conduction will occur until the spoon and coffee are the same temperature

Conduction will occur until the spoon and coffee are the same temperature.

When Object 1 came into contact with Object 2, Object 2 got warmer. What can be concluded about the objects before they came into contact with each other? Object 2 did not have thermal energy. Object 1 had faster-moving particles. Object 1 had less thermal energy. Object 2 had fewer particles.

Object 1 had faster-moving particles.

What must be true about two objects for conduction to take place? The objects must be different temperatures and they must be in contact. The objects must be the same temperature and they must be in contact. The objects must be different temperatures and they must be insulators. The objects must be the same temperature and they must be insulators.

The objects must be different temperatures and they must be in contact.

What must be true about two objects if heat is flowing between them? The objects must be different temperatures. The objects must be the same temperature. The objects must both be over room temperature. The objects must both be under room temperature.

The objects must be different temperatures.

Conductor Radiator, frying pan, ceramic baking dish Insulator Winter coat, ice chest, oven mitt Which image shows a situation where conduction occurs?

The one where she is smelling coffee

Which best explains why water boils in a pot sitting over fire? Heat energy is created from the thermal energy in the air. Heat energy is transferred from the water to the fire. Thermal energy from the fire moves to the water in the form of heat. Thermal energy from the surrounding air moves to the water.

Thermal energy from the fire moves to the water in the form of heat.

Which describes how fast-moving particles assist in transferring thermal energy to a cup after hot tea is poured into it? They replace slow-moving particles. They collide with slow-moving particles. They collide with other fast-moving particles. They are replaced by slow-moving particles.

They collide with slow-moving particles.

How do the metal aluminum coils in an air conditioner help keep a house cool? They insulate the house from outside thermal energy. They conduct thermal energy from inside the house and release it outside the house. They insulate the surrounding air from indoor thermal energy. They conduct thermal energy from outside the house and release it inside the house.

They conduct thermal energy from inside the house and release it outside the house.

The image shows a dam. Which descriptions best fit the labels? X: kinetic energy ,Y: potential energy X: potential energy ,Y: kinetic energy X: mechanical energy, Y: electrical energy X: electrical energy, Y: mechanical energy

X: potential energy ,Y: kinetic energy

Which demonstrates conduction? a marshmallow held over a fire ice cream melting in the sun cool feet walking across a hot pavement a bulb releasing light energy

cool feet walking across a hot pavement

Which substance is most likely to heat up the fastest? water (specific heat of 4.19 /g • C°) copper (specific heat of .39 /g • C°) aluminum (specific heat of .90 /g • C°) dry air (specific heat of 1.01 /g • C°)

copper (specific heat of .39 /g • C°)

____is the thermal energy that flows from one substance to another when the substances differ in temperature.

Heat

Most thermal conductors are:

Metal

Which best explains why metal cooking utensils often have plastic coating on their handles? Plastic melts less easily and lasts longer than metal. Plastic reduces the transfer of thermal energy to hands holding the utensils. Plastic molds more easily into shapes like long, thin handles. Plastic increases the rate of conduction from the utensil to the food.

Plastic reduces the transfer of thermal energy to hands holding the utensils.

What happens in terms of energy when a moving car hits a parked car, causing the parked car to move? The moving car transfers kinetic energy to the parked car. Kinetic energy in the moving car disappears. Kinetic energy in the parked car is created. The parked car transfers kinetic energy to the moving car.

The moving car transfers kinetic energy to the parked car.

Keesha conducts an experiment by pouring equal amounts of boiling water into four containers. The containers are the same size and shape, but they are made of different materials. The chart lists the containers according to their materials. Using protective gloves, Keesha carefully touches each container immediately after pouring the water. Which container was likely the hottest? W X Y Z

Z

Which substance has the most thermal energy and will have the most heat flow from it? a stovetop burner on medium (200°C) a nuclear reactor core (1000°C) the human body (36°C) air at room temperature (32°C)

a nuclear reactor core (1000°C)

A burner on a stove produces: temperature. thermal energy. hotness. fire energy.

thermal energy

Nuclear reactions in a reactor produce a lot of thermal energy. That energy then flows and warms up water, which boils and produces steam. The steam then turns turbines that generate electricity. Which statement below can be made about the production of electricity in a nuclear reactor? Heat flows in the form of electricity. Heat flows from the reactor to the water. The water produces heat. The steam produces heat.

Heat flows from the reactor to the water.

Shelly tells a friend that her computer needs to be fixed because it has been producing a lot of heat and is smoking. Where is the error in her statement? Heat cannot be described as having been produced. Thermal energy cannot be produced by electronics. Her computer should be producing a lot of heat and does not need to be fixed. Her computer is producing thermal energy, not heat.

Her computer is producing thermal energy, not heat.

How does a foam-filled winter coat help keep a person warm? It slows down the transfer of thermal energy from outside to inside the coat. It slows down the transfer of thermal energy from inside to outside the coat. It speeds up the transfer of thermal energy from outside to inside the coat. It speeds up the transfer of thermal energy from inside to outside the coat.

It slows down the transfer of thermal energy from inside to outside the coat.

Alana summarized what happens when a ball sitting on top of a grassy hill rolls down the hill. The motionless ball has potential energy. Once the ball starts to roll down the hill, new kinetic energy is made. As the ball rolls across the grass, it slows down. The kinetic energy of the ball is converted to other forms of energy. Which best describes Alana's error? The motionless ball does not have energy because it is still. Kinetic energy is not made; it is a result of energy transformation. The ball cannot slow down unless someone touches it. The energy is not converted; it disappears.

Kinetic energy is not made; it is a result of energy transformation.

In which scenarios does conduction occur? Check all that apply. Ice cream is placed in a bowl chilled to the same temperature. An ice pack is placed on a sprained ankle. A piece of frozen fish is placed in a hot frying pan. A metal pot is held 15 cm above a hot stove. A lizard is lying on a warm rock.

An ice pack is placed on a sprained ankle. A piece of frozen fish is placed in a hot frying pan. A lizard is lying on a warm rock.

As a person pushes a box across a floor, the energy from the person's moving arm is transferred to the box, and the box and floor become warm. During this process, energy is:

Conserved

Savion listed the steps involved when nuclear power plants generate electricity. 1. Nuclear reaction occurs. 2. Nuclear energy is converted to radiant and thermal energy. 3. Heat is used to generate steam. 4. Light and heat are released. 5. Steam turns turbines. 6. Mechanical energy is converted to electrical energy. Which best explains how to correct Savion's error? In step 2, change "radiant and thermal " to "chemical and mechanical." Reorder the steps so that step 4 appears before step 3. Reorder the steps so that step 6 appears before step 5. In step 6, change "mechanical" to "thermal."

Reorder the steps so that step 4 appears before step 3.

Which explains why conduction is unlikely when ice is placed on a freezer shelf? There is no direct contact. The ice is too cold. The shelf acts as an insulator. The ice and shelf are the same temperature.

The ice and shelf are the same temperature.

Conduction involves the transfer of electric charge or:

Thermal energy

Isaac wants to make s'mores. He holds a marshmallow on a metal skewer over a fire. A few seconds later, the marshmallow is cooked and the skewer feels warm. What most likely happened? The fire heated the surrounding air, which cooked the marshmallow. The heat generated from the marshmallow flowed in the form of thermal energy to the skewer and fire. The heat from the skewer cooked the marshmallow. Thermal energy in the form of heat moved from the fire to the skewer and marshmallow.

Thermal energy in the form of heat moved from the fire to the skewer and marshmallow.

How does an increase in thermal energy affect molecules? They stop moving. They begin to vibrate more. They decrease in temperature. They lose kinetic energy.

They begin to vibrate more.

During nuclear fission and fusion, matter that seems to disappear is actually converted into :

energy

The diagram shows movement of thermal energy. In which areas of the diagram does conduction occur? W and X X and Z Y and Z Z and W

X and Z

Heat transfer between two substances is affected by specific heat and the: chemical composition of the substances. state of matter of the substances at room temperature. thermal equilibrium of the substances. amount of time and area of physical contact between the substances.

amount of time and area of physical contact between the substances.

Which contains the particles that are vibrating fastest? boiling water frozen water room-temperature water cold tap water

boiling water

Which is an example of transforming potential energy to kinetic energy? Check all that apply. changing thermal energy to electrical energy changing chemical energy to thermal energy changing nuclear energy to radiant energy changing radiant energy to electrical energy changing mechanical energy to chemical energy

changing chemical energy to thermal energy changing nuclear energy to radiant energy

When a fork is placed in a hot piece of lasagna, thermal energy is transferred up the fork by: fast-moving particles travelling along the fork. fast-moving particles changing places with slow-moving particles. fast-moving particles colliding with slow-moving particles. fast-moving particles colliding with other fast-moving particles.

fast-moving particles colliding with slow-moving particles.

Use the image to complete the sentences. Top of Form Two different substances, Substance A and Substance B, are in direct contact with each other and are at different temperatures. The particles in Substance B are vibrating________the particles in Substance A. This means Substance B is_________Substance A and conduction will occur from Substance B to Substance A.

faster than warmer than

Which materials are typically used as thermal insulators? Check all that apply. copper foam ceramic wood plastic

foam wood plastic

Which best describes the direction of heat? from a substance with no thermal energy to a substance with high amounts of thermal energy from a substance with less thermal energy to a substance with more thermal energy from a cooler substance to a warmer substance from a warmer substance to a cooler substance

from a warmer substance to a cooler substance

During conduction, thermal energy is transferred: randomly between fast-moving and slow-moving particles during particle collisions. from slow-moving to fast-moving particles during particle collisions. from fast-moving to slow-moving particles during particle collisions.

from fast-moving to slow-moving particles during particle collisions.

If a cup of coffee is at 90°C and a person with a body temperature of 36°C touches it, how will heat flow between them? from the hand to the cup from the cup to the hand from the cup to the surrounding air from the hand to surrounding air

from the cup to the hand

Heat flows from ___________substances.

hot to cold

What are the two main types of energy? radiant and chemical thermal and radiant potential and chemical kinetic and potential

kinetic and potential

Simone created a chart to summarize the energy transformations that take place when energy from the wind is used to generate electricity. Which best completes the chart? nuclear energy transformed to electrical energy chemical energy transformed to electrical energy radiant energy transformed to mechanical energy kinetic energy transformed to mechanical energy

kinetic energy transformed to mechanical energy

Energy can be transformed from one form to another. The diagram shows one such process. Which energy transformation is represented in the diagram? nuclear to thermal and radiant nuclear to electrical and chemical chemical to nuclear and radiant chemical to electrical and nuclear

nuclear to thermal and radiant

Plants are responsible for a very important energy transformation, as shown. Which energy transformation does the picture best illustrate? radiant to chemical nuclear to mechanical chemical to thermal mechanical to chemical

radiant to chemical

A stovetop burner on medium reaches 200°C. Which other objects will heat from the burner flow to? Check all that apply . the surrounding air a cool pan a pan heated to 223°C cool water inside a pan someone who touches it

the surrounding air a cool pan cool water inside a pan someone who touches it

Ixchelt burns her tongue when she takes a sip of hot coffee from her mug. Which part of this example represents heat? the thermal energy moving from the coffee to her tongue the thermal energy moving from her tongue to the coffee her coffee her tongue

the thermal energy moving from the coffee to her tongue

Heat is most closely related to______energy

thermal

When a person strikes and lights a match, potential energy in the match is transformed into which types of energy? electrical and thermal thermal and radiant radiant and nuclear nuclear and kinetic

thermal and radiant

What occurs when someone places an ice pack on an injured ankle? Conduction causes the ice pack to lose thermal energy. Conduction causes the ankle to gain thermal energy. Cold from the ice pack is transferred to the ankle. Heat from the ankle is transferred to the ice pack.

Heat from the ankle is transferred to the ice pack.

______heat is the amount of heat required to change the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1°C, and it is related to the chemical composition of the substance.

Specific

Almost all energy on Earth comes from the:

Sun

Which activity directly converts energy from the Sun into chemical energy? a snake lying on a sunny rock to keep warm a rabbit using energy from food it has eaten to run a bean plant making its own food to grow a person burning firewood to cook food

a bean plant making its own food to grow