Construction Materials Midterm

a(n) ____ admixture speeds up the strength development of concrete

Accelerator

____ is the branch of physics that deals with generation, transmission, and control of sound waves.

Acoustics

Concrete placement occurs ____ the base for on-grade pours is ready or the forms for walls, columns, and beams are erected and reinforcing is in place.

After

Concrete is usually prepared in ____.

Batches

Typical ____ connections include the use of dowels or haunches.

Beam-to-column

____ connections speed up erection and allow final alignments to be made after the crane has placed the member

Bolted

The construction documents include a written manual called the ____.

CDs

____ are temporary watertight enclosures used either in water-bearing soil or directly in water.

Cofferdams

Using the ____ method, the construction manager may act purely as an adviser, providing guidance and expertise throughout the design and construction of a project, and does not guarantee a budget or a schedule.

Construction management for fee

____ is the traditional method of project delivery that moves sequentially from conception of a project through is construction.

Design-Bid-Build

____ foundations are formed by boring holes in the earth and filling them with concrete and reinforcing steel.

Drilled pile

____ hammers use a heavy weight lifted up vertical rails called leads.

Drop

The modulus of ____ is a proportional constant between stress and strain.

Elasticity

____ describes the washing or wearing away of soil through the actions of wind and water, as well as equipment and foot traffic.

Erosion

____ is the world body that coordinates the development of engineering and product standards for worldwide use.

(ISO) International Organization for Standardization

In addition to the purely technical information, division ____ of the specifications outlines the guidelines for the pre-construction phase of the project.

00

Approximately ____ pollutants identified in very common building materials are known to cause asthma, allergies, cancer, and reproductive and nervous system disorders.

500

Studies have found that humans now spend more that ____ percent of their time indoors.

80

Construction specifications for buildings and other projects are written using the ____.

Master format system

____ foundations are reinforced concrete slabs several feet in thickness that cover the entire footprint of a building.

Mat

____ should be located over known active geologic faults.

No Buildings

____ initiated the regulation of safety standards for the construction industry.

OSHA

____ construction has the slab supported on two sides by beams or load-bearing walls.

One-way solid slab

____ is a measure of the amount of water that passes through channels running between the outer faces of the concrete.

Permeability

____ foundations use long wood, concrete, or steel piles that are driven or drilled into the earth

Pile

____ piles utilize heavy-gauge steel pipes that are driven with an open end.

Pipe

____ Consist of large molecules composed of repeating structural units connected by chemical bonds.

Polymers

During the ____ phase, the architect, other design consultants, and the owner mutually determine the goals and objectives of the project.

Pre-design

A ____ test requires that a steel rod with an enlarged end be cast in the concrete

Pull-out

____ are hot rolled steel rods that may be plain (smooth) or deformed.

Reinforcing bars

____ materials are materials that are derived from a living plant, animal, or ecosystem that has the ability to regenerate itself.

Renewable

____ admixtures reduce the amount of water needed to produce concrete of a given consistency.

Retarding

____ in the form of sheet piling, lagging, and slurry walls, is used to support the face of an excavation.

Sheeting

When a building load, or force, acts on a building component, such as a column, the component takes on an internal resistance to the force known as ____.

Stress

They ____ system consists of a series of concrete joists cast at right angles to each other to form a grid.

Two-way joists framing

Type ____ Portland cement is used only in concrete that is exposed to severe sulfate conditions.

V

____ in concrete construction are used to install construction, contraction and expansion joints as well as for creating the perimeter of any penetrations in concrete wall.

Waterstops

The ____ test is used to ascertain the resistance to wear of hardened concrete samples.

abrasion

____ admixtures are used to entrain microscopic air bubbles in concrete.

air-entraining

A ____ survey establishes the extent and geometry of property boundaries.

boundary

____ of soil refers to increasing its density by mechanically forcing the soil particles closer together.

compaction

Clays and silty clay soils can be stabilized through the addition of ____, which produces a chemical reaction.

lime

____ units are cast in molds in a plant, then cured and shipped to the job site.

non-pre-stressed

Predominatly granular soils that have minute amounts of clay particles can be stabilized by blending them with ____

portland cement

____ types of asphalt paving are in common use

Four

____ is a green building certification program administered by the united states environmental protection agency.

GBI

____ agents are added to concrete or grout to cause a slight expansion in it before it hardens.

Gas-forming

Both specialty and subcontractors are independent contractors employed by the ____ to perform specific work at a specified cost.

General contractor

____ is the alteration of a site's land form, usually by means of heavy equipment, to provide a level area for a structure, create movement paths, and create drainage and landscape features.

Grading

The ____ is a process by which the earth's atmosphere traps solar radiation causing a gradual increase in global temperatures

Greenhouse effect

____ slabs are used for spans ranging up to 40 ft. ( 12 m) in length and are 6 to 12 in. (150 to 300 mm) thick.

Hollow-core

____ is a relatively new design approach that attempts to bring together all the diverse participants of a project at the beginning of the design phase.

Integrated Design Process

The ____ establishes minimum regulations for commercial building systems using both prescriptive and performance related provisions.

International Building Code

The ____ rating system provides a tool that simultaneously guides and evaluates a building over its entire life cycle, from project inception through building operation.

LEED

The purpose of ____ is to promote the development of housing in the nation's communities

The department of housing and urban development

The life cycle energy cost of most building products starts with ____.

The extraction of raw materials

A ____ test ascertains the consistency of a soil sample near the plastic limit.

Toughness

A ____ is an organization whose membership includes manufactures or businesses involved in the production or supply of materials and services in a particular are.

Trade assosiation

Concrete reaches its specified design strength after 28 days of____.

curing

The weight of the actual materials of construction, walls, floors and roofs, and finishes, is known as the ____.

dead load

____ techniques involve lowering the level of subsurface water on a site to allow excavation to occur in a dry and stable environment.

dewatering

Historically the main remediation strategy for damaged sites was the removal of contaminated material to special, contained landfills, and procedure known as ____.

dig and dump

Resistance of a material to a cyclic load, one that varies in direction and/or magnitude, is called ____.

fatigue strength

An earthquake is caused by the slippage of the earth along a ____.

fault plane

____ may rest on a continuous concrete footing below grade, such as a basement wall, and extend above grade to form the exterior or interior walls of a building.

reinforced concrete cast-in-place walls

____ refers to the equipment, cables, slings, and other hoisting equipment used to lift precast units into place

rigging

____ drawings are substantially different from architectural drawings in style and content, including manufacturing conventions and special fabrication instructions.

shop

The _____ test is used to determine the water and cement content of fresh concrete.

slump

____ is a measure of the relative density of an aggregate.

specific gravity

When a material is subjected to a change in ____, it may expand, contract, conduct, or reflect heat.

temperature

____ is a form of site-cast concrete.

tilt-up concrete construction

____ construction utilizes a flat slab supported by thickening the slab at each column with a drop panel or a drop panel and a capital.

two-way flat slab

The ____ was developed by the U.S Army Corps of engineers to classify soils for use in roads, embankments, and foundations

unified soil classification system

____ is unchecked land development that places tremendous burdens on natural systems.

urban sprawl

____ are local land-use regulation written into municipal law that regulate the degree of building development according to land use.

zoning ordinances