Construction Materials Midterm
a(n) ____ admixture speeds up the strength development of concrete
Accelerator
____ is the branch of physics that deals with generation, transmission, and control of sound waves.
Acoustics
Concrete placement occurs ____ the base for on-grade pours is ready or the forms for walls, columns, and beams are erected and reinforcing is in place.
After
Concrete is usually prepared in ____.
Batches
Typical ____ connections include the use of dowels or haunches.
Beam-to-column
____ connections speed up erection and allow final alignments to be made after the crane has placed the member
Bolted
The construction documents include a written manual called the ____.
CDs
____ are temporary watertight enclosures used either in water-bearing soil or directly in water.
Cofferdams
Using the ____ method, the construction manager may act purely as an adviser, providing guidance and expertise throughout the design and construction of a project, and does not guarantee a budget or a schedule.
Construction management for fee
____ is the traditional method of project delivery that moves sequentially from conception of a project through is construction.
Design-Bid-Build
____ foundations are formed by boring holes in the earth and filling them with concrete and reinforcing steel.
Drilled pile
____ hammers use a heavy weight lifted up vertical rails called leads.
Drop
The modulus of ____ is a proportional constant between stress and strain.
Elasticity
____ describes the washing or wearing away of soil through the actions of wind and water, as well as equipment and foot traffic.
Erosion
____ is the world body that coordinates the development of engineering and product standards for worldwide use.
(ISO) International Organization for Standardization
In addition to the purely technical information, division ____ of the specifications outlines the guidelines for the pre-construction phase of the project.
00
Approximately ____ pollutants identified in very common building materials are known to cause asthma, allergies, cancer, and reproductive and nervous system disorders.
500
Studies have found that humans now spend more that ____ percent of their time indoors.
80
Construction specifications for buildings and other projects are written using the ____.
Master format system
____ foundations are reinforced concrete slabs several feet in thickness that cover the entire footprint of a building.
Mat
____ should be located over known active geologic faults.
No Buildings
____ initiated the regulation of safety standards for the construction industry.
OSHA
____ construction has the slab supported on two sides by beams or load-bearing walls.
One-way solid slab
____ is a measure of the amount of water that passes through channels running between the outer faces of the concrete.
Permeability
____ foundations use long wood, concrete, or steel piles that are driven or drilled into the earth
Pile
____ piles utilize heavy-gauge steel pipes that are driven with an open end.
Pipe
____ Consist of large molecules composed of repeating structural units connected by chemical bonds.
Polymers
During the ____ phase, the architect, other design consultants, and the owner mutually determine the goals and objectives of the project.
Pre-design
A ____ test requires that a steel rod with an enlarged end be cast in the concrete
Pull-out
____ are hot rolled steel rods that may be plain (smooth) or deformed.
Reinforcing bars
____ materials are materials that are derived from a living plant, animal, or ecosystem that has the ability to regenerate itself.
Renewable
____ admixtures reduce the amount of water needed to produce concrete of a given consistency.
Retarding
____ in the form of sheet piling, lagging, and slurry walls, is used to support the face of an excavation.
Sheeting
When a building load, or force, acts on a building component, such as a column, the component takes on an internal resistance to the force known as ____.
Stress
They ____ system consists of a series of concrete joists cast at right angles to each other to form a grid.
Two-way joists framing
Type ____ Portland cement is used only in concrete that is exposed to severe sulfate conditions.
V
____ in concrete construction are used to install construction, contraction and expansion joints as well as for creating the perimeter of any penetrations in concrete wall.
Waterstops
The ____ test is used to ascertain the resistance to wear of hardened concrete samples.
abrasion
____ admixtures are used to entrain microscopic air bubbles in concrete.
air-entraining
A ____ survey establishes the extent and geometry of property boundaries.
boundary
____ of soil refers to increasing its density by mechanically forcing the soil particles closer together.
compaction
Clays and silty clay soils can be stabilized through the addition of ____, which produces a chemical reaction.
lime
____ units are cast in molds in a plant, then cured and shipped to the job site.
non-pre-stressed
Predominatly granular soils that have minute amounts of clay particles can be stabilized by blending them with ____
portland cement
____ types of asphalt paving are in common use
Four
____ is a green building certification program administered by the united states environmental protection agency.
GBI
____ agents are added to concrete or grout to cause a slight expansion in it before it hardens.
Gas-forming
Both specialty and subcontractors are independent contractors employed by the ____ to perform specific work at a specified cost.
General contractor
____ is the alteration of a site's land form, usually by means of heavy equipment, to provide a level area for a structure, create movement paths, and create drainage and landscape features.
Grading
The ____ is a process by which the earth's atmosphere traps solar radiation causing a gradual increase in global temperatures
Greenhouse effect
____ slabs are used for spans ranging up to 40 ft. ( 12 m) in length and are 6 to 12 in. (150 to 300 mm) thick.
Hollow-core
____ is a relatively new design approach that attempts to bring together all the diverse participants of a project at the beginning of the design phase.
Integrated Design Process
The ____ establishes minimum regulations for commercial building systems using both prescriptive and performance related provisions.
International Building Code
The ____ rating system provides a tool that simultaneously guides and evaluates a building over its entire life cycle, from project inception through building operation.
LEED
The purpose of ____ is to promote the development of housing in the nation's communities
The department of housing and urban development
The life cycle energy cost of most building products starts with ____.
The extraction of raw materials
A ____ test ascertains the consistency of a soil sample near the plastic limit.
Toughness
A ____ is an organization whose membership includes manufactures or businesses involved in the production or supply of materials and services in a particular are.
Trade assosiation
Concrete reaches its specified design strength after 28 days of____.
curing
The weight of the actual materials of construction, walls, floors and roofs, and finishes, is known as the ____.
dead load
____ techniques involve lowering the level of subsurface water on a site to allow excavation to occur in a dry and stable environment.
dewatering
Historically the main remediation strategy for damaged sites was the removal of contaminated material to special, contained landfills, and procedure known as ____.
dig and dump
Resistance of a material to a cyclic load, one that varies in direction and/or magnitude, is called ____.
fatigue strength
An earthquake is caused by the slippage of the earth along a ____.
fault plane
____ may rest on a continuous concrete footing below grade, such as a basement wall, and extend above grade to form the exterior or interior walls of a building.
reinforced concrete cast-in-place walls
____ refers to the equipment, cables, slings, and other hoisting equipment used to lift precast units into place
rigging
____ drawings are substantially different from architectural drawings in style and content, including manufacturing conventions and special fabrication instructions.
shop
The _____ test is used to determine the water and cement content of fresh concrete.
slump
____ is a measure of the relative density of an aggregate.
specific gravity
When a material is subjected to a change in ____, it may expand, contract, conduct, or reflect heat.
temperature
____ is a form of site-cast concrete.
tilt-up concrete construction
____ construction utilizes a flat slab supported by thickening the slab at each column with a drop panel or a drop panel and a capital.
two-way flat slab
The ____ was developed by the U.S Army Corps of engineers to classify soils for use in roads, embankments, and foundations
unified soil classification system
____ is unchecked land development that places tremendous burdens on natural systems.
urban sprawl
____ are local land-use regulation written into municipal law that regulate the degree of building development according to land use.
zoning ordinances