D291 Study Guide
adult learning theories
1. andragogy- tapping into prior experience 2. transformational learning- revealing perspectives to create "aha" moments 3. experiential learning- tying in real world to create meaning
Key components of instructional design
1. learning tasks 2. supportive information 3. procedural information 4. part-task practice
what are the steps of SAM
1. prep 2. iterative design 3. iterative development
key components of learning experience design
1. understanding learners 2. experimental learning 3. engagement and motivation 4. sensory layer
What does ADDIE stand for?
Analysis Design Development Implementation Evaluation
What is human centered design
Approach that starts with the people you are designing for and ends with solutions that are designed to suit their needs
Fink's Taxonomy
Significant learning- occurs when there is a change in the learner, non linear with connections between the stages to help understand the learner more learning how to learn- students ability to learn independently and continuously foundational knowledge- background knowledge application- making connections to solve problems integration- how topics/learning related to other things human dimension- collaboration caring- how student feel toward what they are learning
What is learning experience design
a more hands on inquiry styles way of learning
competency based learning
allows learners to progress through material as soon as they demonstrate required knowledge and skills high quality instruction, learners progress at their own pace, students vary in ages, and experiences
what happens in the empathy stage of design thinking
better understand learner needs to create more effective and targeted instruction
Key components of human centered design
direct engagement with users through observation, research, and evaluation
the analysis stage of ADDIE is similar to what stages of design thinking
empathize and define- understanding desired results
what are the stages of design thinking
empathize, define, ideate, prototype, test
how does learning experience design improve learning
engages students in hands on experiences that can be applied to the real world
How does instructional design improve learning
ensures content and activities align with learning targets and standards
what happens in the test stage of design thinking
gain feedback through observations, get the chance to ask follow up questions, and you can see how others went about the problem to find alternative routes of learning
What is instructional design
how instructional material is created
the design stage of ADDIE is similar to what stage of design thinking
ideate- brainstorming
what happens in the ideate stage of design thinking
ideate- forming ideas/brainstorming collaboration among peers to gather lots if different perspectives
what are the steps of UbD
identify desired results, determine what will make learning measurable, determine what activities will further learning to focus on assessing for understanding and how learning transfers
why has ADDIE been the plan traditionally used by instructional designers
it is stricter where get are accomplishing necessary steps but flexible to cater to needs of the learner
constructivism approach to learning
learner and social environment determine how and what is learned, learner has more say in the learning process based on using info from prior experiences
connectives approach to learning
learner make, recognizes, and mentally constructs connections to networks of info from many different sources technology has become a large part
cognitivism approach to learning
metacognition- awareness of thoughts and thought processes focuses on minds interworking: - thinking - memory - knowing - problem solving
behaviorism approach to learning
observable actions learning occurs by promoting desired actions and punishing unwanted actions
What is design thinking
prioritizing and problem silting based on human needs and interactions
Merrill's First principles of instruction
problem centered approach- anchoring phenomenon 5 E model (science), engaging way to learn 1. activation- activate prior knowledge 2. demonstration- given examples (phenomenon) 3. application- practice the new skill 4. integration- reflect on what they know-> combine new ideas with prior knowledge
what is ADDIE
process to plan and create effective learning experiences- longer and more step by step concrete
the development and implementation stages of ADDIE are similar to what stage of design thinking
prototype- building solutions and testing them out
what happens in the prototype stage of design thinking
prototyping- shows how users will interact with product shows how effective a solution is, you are able to gain feedback, and it is a hands on approach to learning
How does human centered design improve learning
puts user first to help adjust products for better use
what is SAM
quicker process than ADDIE and works like a cycle
Why did SAM become an alternative to ADDIE
quicker, lighter, and more creative of a process
Blooms Revised Taxonomy
remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing, evaluating, creating
andragogy
self directed (adults)- learned have a chance to build on their prior experience
what happens in the define stage of design thinking
show what problems will be solved during instruction
how does backward design help learning experience designers focus on learning rather than teaching?
start with learning rather than teaching -> focused on how learning will take place
mastery learning
student must show mastery of one skill before moving onto the next thing
why has there been a transition from instructional design to learning experience design?
students are more engages and related to the content delivery more because it is applied to their lives
what does SAM stand for
successive approximation model
Gagne's Nine Events of Instruction
systematic approach that aligns with cognitive process of learning 1. gain attention 2. inform learner of objectives 3. prior learning 4. present content 5. provide guidance 6. practice 7. provide feedback 8. assess performance 9. enhance retention and transfer to the job
pedagogy
teacher directed (children)- teacher driven and student accepted
the evaluate stage of ADDIE is similar to what stage of design thinking
test- creation of learning plan
universal design for learning (UDL)
the WHY , WHAT, and HOW of learning- proactively designing instructional materials that are accessible for all learners
What does UbD stand for
understanding by design
why is design thinking often used to solve complex problems
user is the central focus
