Digestive System

What is a goblet cell?

A mucus-secreting epithelial cell

What is a protease?

An enzyme that digests protein

Which substances are absorbed from the stomach?

Aspirin, lipid soluble drugs

T/F The stomach is innervated by parasympathetic, but not sympathetic, fibers.

F Both branches of the autonomic system innervate the stomach; the PSNS stimulates the digestive system and the SNS inhibits it.

T/F Most digestion occurs in the stomach, while most absorption occurs in the small intestine.

F Most digestion and absorption occur in the small intestine.

T/F The only purpose of intestinal motility is to move residue along the digestive tract.

F Motility also mixes chyme with secretions and brings chyme into contact with intestinal lining.

T/F The role of the liver in digestion is to produce digestive enzymes.

F The liver produces bile for fat emulsion. It is the pancreas that produces digestive enzymes.

Which describes the fundus of the stomach?

It is the domed superior region.

The stomach receives what type of stimulation via the vagus nerve?

Parasympathetic

What is the predominant type of muscle contraction occurring in the stomach?

Peristalsis

Which of the following is achieved with small intestinal muscle contractions?

The mixing of chyme with secretions The propelling contents along the intestines An increased contact of chyme with the intestinal lining

What is the significance of the epithelial tight junctions and the mucous coat lining the stomach?

They protect the stomach lining from acid damage.

secretin is released in response to

acidity of chyme, not the presence of fats

The enzyme that digests dietary starch is salivary or pancreatic

amylase

Lipase is

an enzymes that breaks down lipids

The region of the stomach where the esophagus enters is the __ region.

cardiac

The stomach receives sympathetic innervation from the __

celiac ganglion

What are the three phases of gastric activity?

cephalic, gastric, intestinal

Which hormone is secreted by the small intestine in response to the presence of fats in the small intestine?

cholecystokinin

The soupy mixture of semidigested food formed in the stomach is known as

chyme

The stimulus for the __ reflex is stretching of the rectum.

defecation

What is the initial segment of the small intestine?

duodenum

Which center in the medulla oblongata is involved in the process of vomiting?

emetic

What are nucleases?

enzymes that digest RNA and DNA

Which protect the stomach lining from the acidic contents?

epithelial cell replacement, tight junctions, mucous coat

The pharynx connects the oral cavity to the __ and the nasal cavity to the __

esophagus, larynx

The sac on the underside of the liver that serves to store and concentrate bile is called the

gallbladder

The mucus secreting cells in the epithelium of the intestine are called __ cells

goblet

Blood from the superior mesenteric vein joins the splenic vein then flows into the

hepatic portal system

gastrin, which is secreted by duodenum and G cells in the stomach, is a

hormone that stimulates secretion of HCl by the parietal cells and aids in gastric motility

Enzymes that digest lipids are called

lipase

What are the gastric rugae?

longitudinal folds in the stomach lining

The term gut __ is the collective name for the many species of bacteria residing in the large intestine.

microbiome or flora

The enzymes that hydrolyze nucleic acids into nucleotides are called

nuclease

The digestion of starch by amylase results in the production of which of the following?

oligosaccharides and maltose

___ is a gastric enzyme that begins protein digestion.

pepsin

The inactive form of pepsin is

pepsinogen

The predominant type of involuntary muscle contraction occurring in the stomach is

peristalsis

When swallowing, a bolus of food moves from the mouth directly into the __ before reaching the esophagus.

pharynx

The esophagus is __ to the trachea.

posterior

The longitudinal wrinkles in the lining of the stomach are called gastric __

rugae

Lysozyme, immunoglobulin A, mucus, electrolytes and water are all found in which of the following?

saliva

___, secreted by the small intestine, will trigger the release of pancreatic juice containing bicarbonate-this neutralized the acid

secretin

Which liver function contributes to the process of digestion?

secretion of bile

The small intestine receives nearly all of its blood supply from the

superior mesenteric artery

What are the typical end products of triglyceride digestion?

two free fatty acids + monoglyceride

Which nutrients are absorbed without being digested?

vitamins and minerals

What are the functions of the large intestine?

water and electrolyte absorption

An enzyme that is secreted in its inactive form is known as a

zymogen