EFB 217
The Black Death originated in
Asia
_____ was once known as East Pakistan.
Bangladesh
Leprosy is still a public health concern in
Brazil
Which early warning system for epidemics has the shortest response time?
Case surveillance
Bubonic plague entered the U.S. directly from
China
Two of the three plague pandemics originated in
China
Which of the following is a part of dengue surveillance in Machala?
Cluster investigation of households. Ministry of Health sentinel clinics Clinical surveys of patients
Rice blight is caused by which of the following fungi?
Cochliobolus miyabeanus
Which of the following reasons does NOT explain why great gobs of money was spent on
Coffee rust had just arrived in Latin America.
Han
Confucianism gains popularity Civil Service exam Silk road Tributary system
What activity presents the greatest risk for infection by schistosomes?
Contact with waters containing infectious stages (i.e., cercaria)
Qin
Contained most of modern china Origins of China Legalism Centralization
SARS is caused by a virus in which family?
Coronaviridae
The 1878 yellow fever epidemic that struck New Orleans, Memphis and other cities in the American south was believed to have originated in
Cuba
The British instituted which of the following emergency policies to prepare for a Japanese invasion of Bengal in 1942-1943:
Destroyed 100s buildings of the INC and arrested 1000s of their supporters. Instituted a "scorched earth" policy in eastern Bengal. Initiated the "boat denial scheme". Implemented the "rice denial scheme".
Disease control options involve which of the following?
Disease resistant cultivars and hybrids of Coffea. Prevention of heavy berry set to avoid weakening the tree. Properly timed fungicide sprays. All of the above.
What is the difference between HIV and AIDS
HIV is the pathogen: AIDS is the disease
During the resurgence of syphilis in China, which other disease increased similarly?
HIV/AIDS Gonorrhea Herpes all of the above none of the above
A virgin-soil epidemic is an infectious disease that:
Has no known biotic reservoirs other than man. Has been introduced into a population for the first time. Causes high levels of morbidity and mortality.
Venereal syphilis is transmitted in which stage?
First Second
Xia Dynasty
First Dynasty Lasted 500 years Agrarian People with bronze tools
Which of the following is/are NOT symptoms of scurvy?
Headaches
Tang
High point of the chinese civilization
India is virtually impossible to govern or to conquer for which of the following reasons?
Hinduism and the caste system are preeminent in the lives of the people.
Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora cv Robusta) is resistant to the rust disease, but it was not planted extensively at first for which of the following reasons.
It has a flat taste compared to that of Arabica coffee
Vaccine development for HIV/AIDS has been slow in coming because
It has very high genetic variability
Which of the following is NOT true with regard to the life cycle of Hemileia vastatrix?
It is a basidiomycete rust fungus with 5 spore stages and two alternating hosts.
Which of the following statements about the leprosy pandemic beginning in the mid-19th century is true?
It was a shameful symbol of a weakened China
Why was Kinshasa important important in the early history of HIV/AIDS?
It was a transportation hub bushmeat its sex trade
Which of the following countries does not have a border with China?
Japan
The impact of Henry Wickham's actions was the establishment of a cultivated rubber industry in:
Java, Sumatra, Ceylon, India, and Malaya
What is the primary challenge for controlling this disease in Sudan?
Lack of recognition by local authorities
Which of the following explains why it was so difficult to cultivate rubber in Brazil?
Latex gatherers did not support cultivation for economic/political reasons. Natives didn't want to work in plantations. Border areas needed to remain populated. It isn't easy to plant Hevea. SALB.
HIV originated when
SIV jumped from chimpanzees to humans
What is the etiological agent (cause) of Schistosomiasis
Schistosoma spp. (S. haematobium, S. japonicum, S. mansoni, S. mekongi and S. intercalatum)
Most the people with SARS live in
Southeast Asia/China
Kong Fuzi lived during the
Spring and Autumn Period
The yellow fever epidemics of the New World were caused in part by
Stagnant population growth in Europe in the 17th century European demand for sugar resistance among Africans to yellow fever
In the western U.S., ground squirrels serve as a reservoir for Yersinis pestis and are associated with
Sylvatic plague
Smallpox is called smallpox because:
Syphilis was known already as the great pox.
During the first outbreak of syphilis in Europe, how did the severity of symptoms compare to those of present-day syphilis?
They were worse.
Natural rubber is a solid product made by coagulating the latex produced by certain plants, particularly the Brazilian rubber tree, which yields the purest and most elastic rubber known as para rubber.
True
Night soil" is human fecal waste
True
One of the most important changes in the shift from coffee to 'whatever came next' plantations in Ceylon was the rise in number of Tamil women and children from southern India.
True
One of the most important contributions of cholera to human civilization was the development of modern water and sewage sanitation laws, infrastructure, and practices.
True
POROTIC HYPEROSTOSIS__ is the skeletal manifestation of prolonged childhood anemia into adulthood.
True
Population density has been estimated by dating and counting house mounds
True
SARS was the first pandemic of the 21st century
True
Smallpox has been used as a biological weapon.
True
Smallpox virus has no known animal reservoirs.
True
The civil war that erupted in 1983 in an effort to create an independent Tamil State in Sri Lanka was crushed in 2009, and is now over.
True
The following is a good working hypothesis that best explains the Great Mayan Collapse: The Maya approached the limits of the rainforest resource at a time when the effects of malnutrition/ disease made the maintenance of their agrotechnology impossible.
True
The measles epidemics of the late 19th and early 20th centuries lowered the birth rate of the native Fijian population for several decades.
True
The smallpox virus is not highly communicable.
True
Yaws is caused by a bacterium closely related to the causal agent of syphilis.
True
Vaccine development for Ebola is which of the following:
Two vaccines are under development
The prognosis for a person with HIV/AIDS is
dependent on where you live and your access to medical care
Syphilis, as we know it today most likely
evolved in 16th century Europe from an imported New World progenitor.
Ebola virus is caused by an abrovirus
false
the SARS pathogen is a RNA virus?
false
HIV/AIDS wasn't recognized until the early 1980s after it arrived in the U.S. This was due, in part, to epidemiologists who identified four populations of people among whom the disease mostly occurred. The four h's were
homosexual men, Haitians, hemophiliacs, heroin users
Since the late 1980s, dengue fever in Ecuador and throughout Latin America has
increased
Most Chinese dynasties ended due t
internal conflict
In the mid-nineteenth century in Brazil the racist policy policy known as whitening had which of the following consequences
it contributed to a yellow fever epidemic
Leonine facies is a characteristic symptom of
lepromatous leprosy
Leprosy occurs more often in
males
Leprosy has been conclusively proven to be transmitted by
mosquitoes sexual contact sneezing none of the above None of the above
Leprosy primarily affects the
skin and peripheral nerves
Swidden agriculture is equivalent to which of the following:
slash and burn.
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of infection with Ebola virus
sore feet
Which of the following organisms causes venereal syphilis?
T. pallidum pallidum
Which of the following best describes the "white mans' burden"?
Taking care of all these "bloody Hindoos". Bringing the benefits of western culture to all the colored natives of the world. Making certain there are markets for all the industrialized goodies produced in England.
_____and_____replaced coffee in much of the coffee-growing regions of southern Asia and the western Pacific.
Tea and Coffee
Why did the Americans and not the french complete the Panama Canal
The Americans worked on the canal after the vector of yellow fever was discovered
During the Boxer Rebellion, the Qing government fought with
The British The French The Russians
Why did European attempts to subdue the rebellion in Haiti fail
The British and French troops suffered staggering losses from yellow fever
The Maya were iron deficient because:
The Mayans didn't eat much meat, and meat is a rich source of iron, so they were iron deficient. Non-heme iron was present in their plant-based diet, but it was not readily bioavailable because various phytic acids prevented uptake Vitamin C stimulates absorption of non-heme iron, and the Mayans were Vit C deficient
The Qing imperial government was immediately succeeded by the
The Nationalist government
During the Taiping Rebellion, the British and French sided with
The Qing government
The highest rates of syphilis in the U.S. occur in
The south
The impact of climate change on human health depends on
The vulnerability of the population
What are 4 strategies for the prevention and control of schistosomiasis?
Therapeutic treatment (praziquantel, phytomedicines) Prophylactic treatment (artemisinin shows some protective effects) Improved Sanitation Improved access to treatment Snail Control (molluscicides)
The first publication claiming mosquitos were the vectors of yellow fever was
1881 by Finlay
Worldwide, the following number of people are affected by measles each year?
20 million
The first recorded case of plague took place in the
third century BCE
In most countries today, the principal way that dengue is controlled is by
vector control
Dengue, zika and chikungunya are
vector-borne diseases
In about 500 BCE, leprosy
came from india to china
The Mayan collapse was differential in that it only occurred in which Mayan region(s):
central and southern lowlands
Confucius had profound effects on Chinese culture that lasted for some 15 centuries. Which of the following is most central to his philosophy?
compassion
The decline of the Yuan dynasty was hastened by which effect of the plague?
reduced tax revenues disruption of commerce among the Mongol hordes reduced manufacturing capacity
The critical community size (CCS) for measles to persist in an urban population is:
250-500000
Which of the following contributed to the second epidemic of syphilis in China?
A large susceptible population Greater sexual freedoms A male-biased population
China's Great Leap Forward was
An epic calamity
What treatment for schistosomiasis was used by the ancient Egyptians and is still used some places today?
Antimony
AIDS can be halted and even reversed with
Antiretroviral treatment
PEPFAR stands for
President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief
One important impact of the measles epidemics of the early 20th century was an increase in the population of _______ in Fiji.
Indian
Vulcanization is the process invented by Charles Goodyear that:
Involved treating Hevea latex with sulfur and heat. Stabilized the elastic properties of Hevea latex. Made Mr. Goodyear a millionaire. Helped to fuel the Industrial Revolution.
How long after 1494 did it take for syphilis to reach China
10 years
Smallpox has a non-infectious incubation period that lasts:
10-12 days
Around the year 1500, the population of China was approximately
100 Million
Smallpox was so devastating in the New World because:
.the "founder effect". Fewer types of human leukocyte antigens than in European pops. it was a virgin-soil epidemic.
The Great Austronesian Expansion began when and was completed when?
3500 BCE to1300 CE
The infamous measles epidemic in Fiji in 1875 burned itself out in how many months?
4
At the height of the rubber boom in Brazil, rubber provided what percentage of Brazil's
40%
The case fatality rate for Ebola ranges from:
50-90
In 1953, the population of China was
583 million
In China, Iron first came into use during the
Eastern Zhou subperiod
Civets are the reservoir host of the SARS virus?
False
Current research efforts on SALB in Brazil are now focused on studying the molecular details of several promising resistance factors to the insect vector.
False
Humans are the only known natural host of the measles bacterium?
False
Latex production from Hevea brasiliensis can begin when trees reach maturity in 25 years
False
Leprosy is caused by a pathogenic fungus.
False
MMR vacine causes Autism
False
Measles is highly contagious. 50% of persons without immunity who share a house hold with an infected person will catch it?
False
SARS stands for Sudden Acute Respiratory Syndrome?
False
Smallpox influenced the outcome of the American civil war.
False
Smallpox virus originated in the New World.
False
The cholera pathogen is an obligate parasite that requires no insect vector or animal reservoir for its survival.
False
The disease first appeared in the coffee plantations of Brazil in the mid 1860s.
False
The rubber euphoria in Brazil lasted from 1870 to ~ 1910, and then ended because synthetic rubber was invented.
False
The last imperial dynasty of China was that of the
Manchus
Every effort to cultivate Hevea brasiliensis in the Americas has failed because of which of the following:
Microcyclus ulei
____________was the last Viceroy of India
Mountbatten
Silk production in China began in the
Neolithic
Although most cultivated rubber genotypes are highly susceptible to the pathogen that causes South American Leaf Blight, the disease has not spread to these other continents because:
No direct flights from Brazil to other humid, tropical countries. Quarantine of all freight shipments from South America and other tropical countries. All plant products from Brazil are fumigated just prior to shipment.
Zou Dynasty
Origins of modern Chinese Longest lasting dynasty Mandate of heaven Confucianism is found
Initially, the Spanish paid the Portuguese to import Africa slaves to Hispaniola to
Pan for gold
Bengal was a hotbed of the independence movement in India.
True
"China" comes from
Qin
The Great Wall of China was built in the
Qin dynasty Western Han dynasty Siu dynasty Jin Ming dynasty
HIV contains
RNA
Hinduism does not recognize all men as created equal.
True
Most Tamils are Hindu, while most Sinhalese are Buddhist.
True
Prior to this dynasty, historical information is archaeological, not written
Shang dynasty
Schistosoma spp. are parasites that have an obligate 2 host life cycle involving a vertebrate host (e.g., humans) and an invertebrate host, specifically
Snails
Syphilis was known in China as
The plum tree poison
The most severe form of smallpox is caused by which of the following viruses:
Variola major
The 2014 outbreak in E.Coli
Was the worst in human history largest in western africa
Shang Dynasty
Written history begins Turtle shells with writing on it One of the longest lasting dynasties
The transition from the Neolithic Period to the Dynastic or Imperial Era began with the
Xia dynasty
Which of the following figured prominently in France's decision to sell the Lousisiana Territory to the US?
Yellow Fever the haitian revolution War with England
The classic first-stage symptom of syphilis is
a chancre
Just as the fourteenth century plague pandemic brought massive upheaval to China, one of the effects in Europe was
a shift in power from the East to the West
In the dengue transmission cycle, the intrinsic incubation period is
after a person becomes infected but before they become ill
The most severe form of leprosy is
alepromatous leprosy
The prognosis for a person with SARS is
an acute respiratory disease with a fatality rate of about 10%
M. leprae occurs in both humans and
armadillos
In 1775 the most lucrative colonial possession in the world
on the island of St.Domingue
'Traditional' plant based therapeutics are also known as:
phytomedicines
Dr. Stewart's research program has been successful in large part due to
strong institutional partners and an international team of collaborators
Most people with HIV/AIDS live in
sub-Saharan Africa
Hernan de Cortes conquered which of the following people:
the Aztec people led by the Emperor Monteczuma
The yellow fever epidemic of 1793 in philadelphia was an indirect result of
the Haitian Revolution
The pandemic that shifted the center of European civilization from the Mediterranean to the north was
the Justinian plague
China's first war with the West was
the Opium War
A key route of spreading plague in the fourteenth century was
the Silk Road the Crimea and Caucasus Italy
Central to Taoism is
the Way of the universe
The rapid rise and fall of the Mayan civilization was different from the rise and fall of other ancient civilizations (e.g. Aztecs, Incas, Mesopotamia for which of the following reasons:
the inherent limitations of a rainforest habitat.
Transmission of dengue in Ecuador peaks in
the rainy season
The demise of the last imperial dynasty was due in part to
the tributary system