EMS Unit Review (Earth, Moon, Sun)

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3 reasons for seasons on Earth

(TRR) tilt, rotation, revolution

gravity

A force of attraction between objects that is due to their masses and distance between

66.5ºS latitude

Antarctic Circle

66.5ºN

Arctic Circle

23.5ºN latitude

Tropic of Cancer

23.5ºS latitude

Tropic of Capricorn

tidal bulge

a bulge of water formed by the pull of the Sun and Moon's gravity

last quarter moon (third quarter)

a phase of the moon that comes after a waning gibbous and before a last quarter moon where the left half of the moon that we can see is lit up

perihelion

point in a planet's orbit nearest the sun

aphelion

point in a planet's orbit that is farthest from the sun

umbra

the darkest part of a shadow

tilt of Earth

23.5 degrees

Winter Solstice for Northern Hemisphere

December 21

Summer Solstice for Northern Hemisphere

June 20-21

Spring Equinox for Northern Hemisphere

March 19-20

lunar eclipse

Occurs at a full moon when Earth is directly between the Moon and the Sun, Earth's shadow cover the moon

Fall Equinox for Northern Hemisphere

September 22

new moon

The Moon phase that occurs when the Moon is between Earth and the Sun, at which point the Moon cannot be seen because the lighted half is facing the Sun and its dark side faces Earth.

first quarter moon

The phase of the moon when it is one-quarter of the way through its' orbit, and we see half of the moon lighted

waning

describes phases following a full moon, as more and more of the Moon's shadow side becomes visible

waxing

describes phases following a new moon, as more of the Moon's lighted side becomes visible

0º latitude

equator

crescent

moon phase in which less than half of the Moon appears to be illuminated

gibbous

moon phase in which more than half of the Moon appears to be illuminated.

waxing gibbous

moon phase that comes after a first quarter moon and before a full moon; more than half of the moon is lit up on the right side, but it isn't completely full

waning gibbous

moon phase that comes after a full moon and before a third quarter moon; more than half of the moon is lit up on the left side, but it isn't completely full

waxing crescent

moon phase that comes after a new moon and before a first quarter moon; less than half of the moon is lit up on the right side

waning crescent

moon phase that comes after a third quarter moon and before a new moon; less than half of the moon is lit up on the left side

full moon

moon phase when the entire side facing Earth is illuminated.

solar eclipse

occurs when the New Moon passes directly between the Sun and Earth and casts a shadow over part of Earth

penumbra

the lighter part of a shadow where light is partially blocked

revolution

the movement of one object around another

orbit

the path of an object as it revolves around another object in space

tides

the regular rise and fall of the ocean's surface influenced by the gravity from the Moon and Sun pulling on Earth

rotation

the spinning motion of a planet on its axis

inertia

the tendency of an object to resist a change in motion

spring tide

the tide with the greatest difference between consecutive low and high tides, EMS line up straight (highest high tide & lowest low tide), occurs at new and full moon phases

neap tide

the tide with the least difference between consecutive low and high tides, EMS make 90º angle (highest low tide & lowest high tide), occurs at 1st and 3rd quarter moon phases

equinox

the two days of the year on which neither hemisphere is tilted toward or away from the sun, sunlight directly on 0º degree equator (means equal night)

solstice

the two days of the year on which the sun reaches its greatest distance north or south of the equator, Earth is tilted 23.5 degrees toward or away from the sun, direct sunlight on 23.5º N (Tropic of Cancer) or 23.5ºS (Tropic of Capricorn) (means "sun stop")


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