F&E Post-Lecture MED/SURG Quiz!

The nurse is caring for a client admitted with a diagnosis of acute kidney injury. When reviewing the client's most recently laboratory reports, the nurse notes that the client's magnesium levels are high. The nurse should prioritize assessment for what health problem? A. Diminished deep tendon reflexes B. Tachycardia C. Cool, clammy skin D. Acute flank pain

A. Diminished deep tendon reflexes

A nurse in the neurologic ICU has received a prescription to infuse a hypertonic solution into a client with increased intracranial pressure. This solution will increase the number of dissolved particles in the client's blood, creating pressure for fluids in the tissues to shift into the capillaries and increase the blood volume. This process is best described as which of the following? A. Hydrostatic pressure B. Osmosis and osmolality C. Diffusion D. Active transport

B. Osmosis and osmolality

A client with a longstanding diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder presents to the emergency room. The triage nurse notes upon assessment that the client is hyperventilating. The triage nurse is aware that hyperventilation is the most common cause of which acid-base imbalance? A. Respiratory acidosis B. Respiratory alkalosis C. Increased PaCO2 D. CNS disturbances

B. Respiratory alkalosis

A medical nurse educator is reviewing a client's recent episode of metabolic acidosis with members of the nursing staff. What should the educator describe about the role of the kidneys in metabolic acidosis? A. The kidneys retain hydrogen ions and excrete bicarbonate ions to help restore balance B. The kidneys excrete hydrogen ions and conserve bicarbonate ions to help restore balance C. The kidneys react rapidly to compensate for imbalances in the body D. The kidneys regulate the bicarbonate level in the intracellular fluid

B. The kidneys excrete hydrogen ions and conserve bicarbonate ions to help restore balance

A client with hypertension has been prescribed hydrochlorothiazide. What nursing action will best reduce the client's risk of electrolyte disturbances? A. Maintain a low-sodium diet B. Encourage the use of over-the-counter calcium supplements C. Ensure the client has sufficient potassium intake D. Encourage fluid intake

C. Ensure the client has sufficient potassium intake

The nurse is caring for a client admitted to the medical unit 7 hour ago with pyloric stenosis. A nasogastric tube placed upon admission has been on low intermittent suction ever since. Upon review of the morning's blood work, the nurse notices that the client's potassium is below reference range. The nurse should assess for signs and symptoms of what imbalance? A. Hypercalcemia B. Metabolic acidosis C. Metabolic alkalosis D. Respiratory acidosis

C. Metabolic alkalosis

The nurse is planning care for a nephrology client with a new nursing graduate. The nurse states, "A client with kidney disease partially loses and the inability to regulate changes in pH." What is the cause of this partial inability? A. The kidneys regulate and reabsorption carbonic acid to change and maintain pH B. The kidneys buffer acids through electrolyte changes C. The kidneys regenerate and reabsorption bicarbonate to maintain a stable pH D. The kidneys combine carbonic acid and bicarbonate to maintain a stable pH

C. The kidneys regenerate and reabsorption bicarbonate to maintain a stable pH

A client is taking spronolactone to control hypertension. The client's serum potassium level is 6 mEq/L. What is the nurse's priority during assessment? A. Neuromuscular function B. Bowel sounds C. Respiratory rate D. Electrocardiogram (ECG) results

D. Electrocardiogram (ECG) results

When planning the care of a client with a fluid imbalance, the nurse understands that in the human body, water and electrolytes move from the arterial capillary bed to the interstitial fluid. What causes this to occur? A. Active transport of hydrogen ions across the capillary walls B. Pressure of the blood in the renal capillaries C. Action of the dissolved particles contained in a unit of blood D. Hydrostatic pressure resulting from the pumping action of the heart

D. Hydrostatic pressure resulting from the pumping action of the heart

The nurse is caring for a client who is being treated on the oncology unit with a diagnosis of lung cancer with bone metastasis. The client reports a new onset of weakness and abdominal pain and further assessment suggests that the client likely has a fluid volume deficit. The nurse should recognize that this client may be experiencing what electrolyte imbalance? A. Hypernatremia B. Hypomagnesemia C. Hypophosphatemia D. Hypercalcemia

D. Hypercalcemia

A physician orders regular insulin 10 units I.V. along with 50 mL of dextrose 5% for a client with acute renal failure. What electrolyte imbalance is this client most likely experiencing? A. Hypercalcemia B. Hypernatremia B. Hyperglycemia D. Hyperkalemia

D. Hyperkalemia

The nurse is working on a burns unit and an acutely ill client is exhibiting signs and symptoms of third spacing. Based on this change in status, the nurse should expect the client to exhibit signs and symptoms of what imbalance? A. Metabolic alkalosis B. Hypermagnesemia C. Hypercalcemia D. Hypovolemia

D. Hypovolemia

The emergency-room nurse is caring for a trauma client who has the following arterial blood gas results: pH 7.26, PaCO2 28, HCO3 11 mEq/L. How should the nurse interpret these results? A. Respiratory acidosis with no compensation B. Metabolic alkalosis with a compensatory alkalosis C. Metabolic acidosis with no compensation D. Metabolic acidosis with compensatory respiratory alkalosis

D. Metabolic acidosis with compensatory respiratory alkalosis

A newly graduated nurse is admitting a client with a long history of emphysema. The nurse learns that the client's PaCO2 has been between 56 and 65 mmHg for several months. Why should the nurse be cautious administering oxygen? A. The client's calcium will rise dramatically due to pituitary stimulation B. Oxygen will increase the client's intracranial pressure and create confusion C. Oxygen may cause the client to hyperventilate and become acidotic D. Using oxygen may result in the client developing carbon dioxide narcosis and hypoxemia

D. Using oxygen may result in the client developing carbon dioxide narcosis and hypoxemia