Geology Exam Review 1: Chapters 1-4
Metals in the Earth sank to the...
center
accreted means...
coalesced
We live on what type of crust?
continental crust
Lithosphere consists of the ... plus...
crust, uppermost part of the mantle
Where the pressure is greater, the mantle isn't as soft. Where is this in the mantle?
deeper
Oceanic crust is...
dense
Mantle rock is much more enriched in ... and ... than crustal rock.
iron, magnesium
Molten rock...to produce a primitive crust.
rose
Plastic layers are...and can...
soft, flow
The Nebula Theory refers to a rotating cloud called the...
solar nebula
The inner core is composed of...
solid iron and nickel
The mantle is...
solid rock
Breaking down the word lithosphere, it means...
sphere of rock
Large, outer planets begin to form from... (H2O, CO2, and others).
fragments of ices
Primitive atmosphere evolved from... in Earth's interior.
gases
Earth, being an inner, rocky planet is composed of...
heavy elements
Despite the extreme temperatures in the inner core, the pressure is great enough to...
keep it solid
The mantle is the ... part of the Earth by volume.
largest
The oldest moon rocks are...
4.47 Ga
Earth accreted about...
4.57 Ga
The solar nebula is composed of ... (hydrogen, helium, methane, water, etc.) and ... (rocky and metallic "dust")
volatiles, refractory material
The nebula began to contract about ... years ago.
5 billion
Oceanic crust is only about ... km thick.
7-10
Oxygen makes up about ...% of earth.
30
Iron makes up about ...% of earth.
35
Magnesium makes up about ...% of earth.
10
The crust is thin, making up only about ...% of the Earth's radius.
0.1-1.0
Continental crust is 4-5 times the thickness of oceanic crust- about ... km thick.
35-40
The outer ... km of the Earth is rigid.
100-150
Silicon makes up about ...% of earth.
15
The mantle is the ... km-thick layer around the core.
2,885
Ga means..., a billion years ago.
Giga Annum
What is Geology?
The science that pursues an understanding of the planet Earth
What does Historical Geology do?
Seeks an understanding of the origin of the Earth and its development through time.
What is the purpose of Physical Geology?
To examine the materials composing Earth and seeks to understand the many processes that operate beneath and upon its surface.
The plastic layer that the lithosphere floats on is the...
asthenosphere
The rock type of the oceanic crust is known as what?
basalt
Oceanic crust is...
below the ocean
Rigid layers can...
bend but will not flow
The core is composed mostly of...
iron
Oceanic crust rock is rich in what elements?
iron (Fe) and magnesium (Mg)
Continental crust is ... and mostly made of...
less dense, granite
The outer core is...
liquid iron
The outer layer of the earth is the...
lithosphere
The outer core is liquid iron and while temperatures are high enough to..., pressures are too ... to keep it locked as a solid.
melt the iron, low
Inner planets began to form from...
metallic and rocky substances
Early in Earth's history, it was essentially a...in space.
molten sphere
The rock is hot enough to flow like taffy in what part of the mantle?
near the crust
Mantle rock is known as...
peridotite
Pre-Sun means...
protoson
The crust is...
the rocky outermost layer of the Earth
Most researchers believe that Earth and the other planets formed at essentially...
the same time
Breaking down the word asthenosphere, it means...
weak sphere
