Film App - Chapter 9

Foley sound:

A sound belonging to a special category of sound effects, invented in the 1930s by Jack Foley, a sound technician at Universal Studios. Technicians known as Foley artists create these sounds in specially equipped studios, where they use a variety of props and other equipment to simulate sounds such as footsteps in the mud, jingling car keys, or cutlery hitting a plate. (page 331)

sound design:

A state-of-the-art concept, pioneered by director Francis Ford Coppola and film editor Walter Murch, combining the crafts of editing and mixing and, like them, involving both theoretical and practical issues. In essence, sound design represents advocacy for movie sound, to counter some people's tendency to favor the movie image. (page 322)

interior monologue:

A variation on the mental, subjective point of view of an individual character that allows us to see the character and hear his or her thoughts in their own voice, even though the character's lips don't move. (page 329)

Which of the following directors often uses silence as a sound?

Akira Kurosawa

overlapping sound:

Also known as a sound bridge. Sound that carries over from one shot to the next before the sound of the second shot begins. (page 348)

automatic dialogue replacement (ADR):

Also known as looping. A postproduction process that is used to replace dialogue compromised by intrusive sounds or other on-set recording problems. Actors perform new dialogue in a recording studio while watching looped (repeating) footage of the moment in question. (page 324)

dailies:

Also known as rushes. Usually, synchronized picture/sound work prints of a day's shooting that can be studied by the director, editor, and other crew members before the next day's shooting begins. (page 323)

montage:

Another term for editing, from the French verb monter ("to assemble or put together"). Montage may also function as a noun to refer generally to an edited assembly of images or sounds. (page 347)

Which of the following are the three general categories of describing film sound, and which are not?

Categorical Description(s): type perceptual characteristics source Not Categorical Description(s): recording silence mixing

What is the difference between diegetic sound and nondiegetic sound?

Diegetic sound originates from a source within the world of the film, while nondiegetic sound comes from a source outside that world.

These sounds come from a source within a film's world. They are the sounds heard by both the movie's audience and characters.

Diegetic sounds

The types of sound that filmmakers can include in their sound tracks include all of the following general categories EXCEPT

Dolby sounds.

Which of the following are and are not examples of film sound that expresses a point of view?

Example(s) Film Sound That Expresses a Point of View: traffic noises making a city seem overwhelming ocean noises implying the beach is peaceful bird sounds in Hitchcock's The Birds (1963), suggesting chaos Not Example(s) Film Sound That Expresses a Point of View: a Foley artist walking in high heels near a microphone to amplify the sound using automatic dialogue replacement to clean up errors in recording

Foley sounds are sounds that are created or recorded "wild" and then edited into the film.

False

Foley sounds are vocal.

False

In a Hollywood-produced, narrative feature film, most of the sound is recorded during filming.

False

Recording sound is the least technologically complicated aspect of filmmaking.

False

Which of the following words is used to describe a sound's faithfulness or unfaithfulness to its source?

Fidelity.

Which of the following are and are not basic categories of film sound?

Film Sound Categorization(s) vocal sounds music environmental sounds silence Not Film Sound Categorization(s) fidelity pitch

Which sound production process is being illustrated in this image? (Man recording pouring water next to film projection)

Foley

outtakes:

Material that is not used in either the rough cut or the final cut, but is nevertheless cataloged and saved. (page 323)

These sounds come from a source outside the world of the movie and are heard only by the audience.

Nondiegetic sounds

Who do the textbook authors call the first sound designer in American film history?

Orson Welles

asynchronous sound:

Sound that comes from a source apparent in the image but is not precisely matched temporally with the actions occurring in that image. (page 328)

nonsimultaneous sound:

Sound that has previously been established in the movie and replays for some narrative or expressive purpose. Nonsimultaneous sounds often occur when a character has a mental flashback to an earlier voice that recalls a conversation or to an earlier sound that identifies a place, event, or other significant element of the narrative. (page 327)

simultaneous sound:

Sound that is diegetic and occurs on-screen. (page 327)

nondiegetic sound:

Sound that originates from a source outside a film's world. (page 326)

diegetic sound:

Sound that originates from a source within a film's world. (page 326)

ambient sound:

Sound that seems to the viewer to emanate from the ambience (background) of the setting or environment being filmed. Ambient sound is almost always added or enhanced during postproduction. (page 331)

Match the term to its closest, most accurate definition:

Sounds are created to be edited into a film.Foleys Correct label:Foleys In what is essentially selective lip-synching, actors perform dialogue while watching a recording to replace faulty sound.automatic dialogue replacement Correct label:automatic dialogue replacement The camera records the image and the dialogue is recorded using a separate device.double-system recording Correct label:double-system recording

Which of the following are and are not terms used to describe the general characteristics of film sound?

Term(s) Used to Describe the General Characteristics of Film Sound quality loudness pitch Not Term(s) to Describe the General Characteristics of Film Sound double-system looping

The two types of vocal sounds in a film are dialogue, which develops out of situations and conflicts that characters find themselves in, and narration, which is commentary spoken by on-screen or offscreen voices. Which clip illustrates both dialogue and narration?

The Big Charadehttps://wwnorton.com/common/mplay/6.11/?p=/college/film/movies5/vid/chapter-quiz/&f=Ch9_Q12b_the-big-charade&ft=mp4&cdn=1&cc=1

narration:

The act of telling the story of the film. The primary source of a movie's narration is the camera, which narrates the story by showing us the events of the narrative on-screen. When the word narration is used to refer more narrowly to spoken narration, the reference is to the commentary spoken by either an offscreen or on-screen voice. When that commentary is not spoken by one of the characters in the movie, it is omniscient narration; when spoken by a character within the movie, it is first-person narration. (page 330)

amplitude:

The degree of motion of air (or other medium) within a sound wave. The greater the amplitude of the sound wave, the harder it strikes the eardrum, and thus the louder the sound. (page 325)

fidelity:

The faithfulness or unfaithfulness of a sound to its source. (page 325)

sound crew:

The group that physically generates and controls a movie's sound, manipulating its properties to produce the effects that the director desires. (page 321)

pitch:

The level of a sound, which is defined by its frequency. Pitch is described as either high or low. (page 324)

dialogue:

The lip-synchronous speech of characters who are either visible on-screen or speaking offscreen, say from another part of the room that is not visible or from an adjacent room. (page 329)

Watch this clip from Snapshot (Lund, 2006) and describe the sound.

The music is nondiegetic and the camera shots are diegetic.

mixing:

The process of adjusting relative volume of multiple sound tracks, and then combining those tracks onto one composite sound track that is synchronous with the picture. (page 324)

Watch this clip from The Low Road (Daniel, 2014). What happens to the sound in this clip?

The sound seems to be nondiegetic, but is then revealed to be diegetic.

frequency:

The speed with which a sound is produced (the number of sound waves produced per second). The speed of sound remains fairly constant when it passes through air, but it varies in different media and in the same medium at different temperatures. (page 324)

double-system recording:

The standard technique of recording film sound on a medium separate from the picture. This technique allows for both maximum quality control of the medium and the many aspects of manipulating sound during postproduction editing, mixing, and synchronization. (page 323)

loudness:

The volume or intensity of a sound, which is defined by its amplitude. Loudness is described as either loud or soft. (page 325)

harmonic content:

The wavelengths that make up a sound. (page 325)

Listen carefully to this clip from Snapshot. Based on the sound track, which of the following statements is TRUE?Snapshothttps://wwnorton.com/common/mplay/6.11/?p=/college/film/movies5/vid/chapter-quiz/&f=Ch9_Q15_snapshot&ft=mp4&cdn=1&cc=1

There are a lot of people at this party, and someone is playing the piano

External sound comes from a source within the world of the story and can be heard by the characters in that world.

True

Film sound can help audiences identify the temporal dimensions of what they are watching.

True

Narration is a vocal sound.

True

Sound can help an audience define space in a film.

True

Which of the following are and are not types of film sound?

Type(s) of Film Sound dialogue silence narration ambient Not Type(s) of Film Sound fidelity

If the sounds in this sequence were the result of the filmmaker capturing them during shooting, then they are ___. If the sounds were recorded separately by an artist synching with a projection of the visual footage, then they are ___.

ambient; Foley

The short film The Big Charade frequently includes a sound design that combines images with unexpected sounds. This clip, for example, gives loud dynamic sound to each gesture the charade player makes:The Big Charadehttps://wwnorton.com/common/mplay/6.11/?p=/college/film/movies5/vid/chapter-quiz/&f=Ch9_Q10_the-big-charade&ft=mp4&cdn=1&cc=1

asynchronous sound.

What does ADR stand for?

automatic dialogue replacement

What do sounds and musical themes connected to individuals in a film give the audience a sense of?

characterization

Match the phase of sound production to its description.

combining the tracks of dialogue, sound effects, and musicmixing Correct label: mixing the overall oversight and control of a film's sounddesign Correct label: design cutting the recorded sound to decide what will be used in a filmediting Correct label: editing converting sound waves into electrical signalsrecording Correct label: recording

When sound links two shots with an overlap, it can help to create which of the following?

continuity

What are the four phases of sound production?

design, recording, editing, mixing

In this clip from Two Cars, One Night (Waititi, 2004), is the sound diegetic or nondiegetic?

diegetic

Watch this clip from Dreamscapes (McBride, 2003) and describe the sound.

high-pitched

What best describes the role of a sound designer?

identifies necessary sounds, supervises recording, and aids in editing

Match each characteristic of film sound to its description.

level (either high or low)pitch Correct label:pitch timbre, texture, or colorquality Correct label:quality a sound's faithfulness or unfaithfulness to its sourcefidelity Correct label:fidelity volumeloudness Correct label:loudness

The process of combining different sound tracks onto one composite sound track synchronous with the picture is called

mixing

What is it called when a sound editor mixes sounds from multiple sources, including diverse quality, levels, and placement?

montage

Werner Herzog's style is frequently called hallucinatory due to what sound design element in his films that produces a feeling in the viewer of being somewhere between fantasy and reality?

music and silence

Watch this brief clip from The Big Charade (McKeown, 2003), and then complete the following statement. This clip's use of ___ builds a sense of suspense in the audience. This is an example of how film sound creates ___.

music; expectations

Which of the following words best describes the sound we hear when the book hits the floor in this clip from The Big Charade (McKeown, 2003)?

nonfaithful

Watch this clip from Death to the Tinman (Tintori, 2007) and identify the type of narration.

offscreen narration

Which of the following terms best describes the vocal sound in this clip from The Big Charade (McKeown, 2003)?

offscreen narration

What are the four basic perceptual characteristics of sound?

pitch, loudness, quality, fidelity

A sound's ___ is defined by frequency, while ___ is defined by volume.

pitch; loudness

Diegetic and on-screen sound is called ____. When we sense a discrepancy between what we are seeing and what we are hearing, this is called ___ sound.

simultaneous; asynchronous

As light and dark create the image, so ____________ create the sound track.

sound and silence

What is ambient sound?

sounds that emanate from the setting or environment being filmed

Which of the following terms can be defined as "the location from which a sound originates"?

source

Watch this brief clip from Bartholomew's Song (Cretton and Frank, 2006). In this clip, what does the sound help to indicate to the audience?

the passage of time

What is mixing?

the process of combining all of the different individual edited tracks of dialogue, sound effects, and music into one sound track

What is looping?

the rerecording of sound first recorded on set

Who is responsible for generating and controlling the sound in movies?

the sound crew

Listen carefully to this clip of Spam-ku. What sound element is an example of diegetic sound? https://wwnorton.com/common/mplay/6.11/?p=/college/film/movies5/vid/chapter-quiz/&f=Ch9_Q9_spam-ku&ft=mp4&cdn=1&cc=1

the sound of the pancake batter

Why does an assistant use a slate or clapboard on a film set?

to help synchronize the separate image and sound recordings in postproduction

Watch this brief clip from Bartholomew's Song (Cretton and Frank, 2006). In this clip, why does the sound of the woman's voice change?

to indicate a change in distance

Which of the following is an example of ambient sound?

traffic noises recorded while filming a city scene

boom:

A pole-like mechanical device used to position the microphone outside the camera frame, but as close as possible to speaking actors. (page 323)

sound effect:

A sound artificially created for the sound track that has a definite function in telling the story. (page 331)

The transition to sound film began in ___.

1927

internal sound:

A form of diegetic sound in which we hear the thoughts of a character we see on-screen but other characters cannot hear them. (page 328)

external sound:

A form of diegetic sound that comes from a place within the world of the story, which we and the characters in the scene hear but do not see. (page 329)

on-screen sound:

A form of diegetic sound that emanates from a source that we both see and hear. On-screen sound may be internal or external. (page 327)

offscreen sound:

A form of sound, either diegetic or nondiegetic, that derives from a source we do not see. When diegetic, it consists of sound effects, music, or vocals that emanate from the world of the story. When nondiegetic, it takes the form of a musical score or narration by someone who is not a character in the story. (page 327)

quality:

When referring to sound, also known as timbre, texture, or color. The complexity of a sound, which is defined by its harmonic content. Described as simple or complex, quality is the characteristic that distinguishes a sound from others of the same pitch and loudness. In lighting, quality refers to the degree to which light is diffused between the source and the subject, and its effect on the interplay between illumination and shadow. (page 325)