FINAL EXAM-NUT130
What is considered "normal weight" according to BMI scores?
18.5-24.9
What is normal range for BMI?
18.5-24.9
Neat(non exercise activity thermogenesis) can account for up to ____ energy /day
2000
In terms of energy expenditure NEAT can account for how much variation between individuals:
2000 kcal
How many minutes per day of physical activity is recommended for individuals trying to lose or maintain weight?
30-60 min/day
How much has the average intake of Kcals/day increased in US since 1970?
300-500 kcals/day
Which type of obesity is a great concern for chronic diseases?
Abdominal obesity (high visceral fat around organs)
Which eating disorder is characterized by extremely low body weight?
Anorexia
What counts as healthful weight?
Appropriate weight for age and physical development, a weight that you can achieve and sustain without severly curtailing your intake, a weight that helps you achieve healthly biomarkers, such as a normal blood cholesterol
Obesity is defined as:
BMI > 30 and having excess body fat that adversely affects health
What is the largest component of energy expenditure?
BMR
Which one is the biggest component of energy expenditure?
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
Which of the following affects the amount of energy individuals expend during physical activities?
Body size and intensity of the activity
Which one of these items do you not need to wash?
Chicken
Which of the following is not required for certification of a USDA-certified organic farm?
Complete avoidance of all pesticides
Which of the following is not a recommended method for preventing cross-contamination?
Cutting different kinds of raw food with the same knife
List he purely genetic differences, which may contribute to obesity
Differences in amount of brown fat(increased obesity with less brown fat) Ease with which fat cells release triglycerides Faulty leptin receptors Differences in PYY
List the components of intuitive/mindful eating
Eat when you are hungry Stop when you are moderately satisfied Eat what you feel will satisfy you Eat with attention and enjoyment
Plate size, serving bowl size, leaving food on table, variety, health halo are all examples of what kind of influence on food intake?
External cues
True/False: Abdominal obesity is more damaging to health because this kind of fat is harder to lose.
False
True/False: BMI is a measurement used to determine a person's body consumption.
False
True/False: Disordered eating behavior is only seen in females.
False
True/False: Electrolyte imbalance is seen in anorexia nervosa, and not in bulimia nervosa.
False
True/False: Hot sauce can kill the microbes in raw foods.
False
True/False: Obesity is a simple matter of too many Calories in versus too few Calories out.
False
True/False: Organic farms cannot use pesticides.
False
True/False: Organically grown foods are just as likely to be contaminated with pesticide residues as conventionally grown foods.
False
True/False: Oversecretion of the hormone leptin will result in weight gain.
False
True/False: Refrigerating or freezing foods will kill most or all bacteria present in the food.
False
Which method is a better indicator at estimating risk for chronic disease?
Fat distribution (body shape)
Which macronutrient takes less energy for digestion?
Fats
Which of the following are substances intentionally put in foods to enhance appearance, palatability, safety, and/or quality?
Food additives
Which of the following symptoms is a characteristic of bulimia nervosa?
Frequent episodes of extreme overeating followed by purging.
For a Memorial Day BBQ, friends agree to meet at a lakeside park. The temperature is a mild 75. Which of the following practices should they avoid to prevent an outbreak of foodborne illness?
Grill hamburgeres to medium rare
If a small part of this type of food is moldy, you can generally cut it off and consume it:
Hard cheese
What is BMI helpful at showing?
Health risk
The risks and benefits of the use of GMOs is a topic of much debate. Which of the following is a benefit of GMOs?
Higher crop yields
Increase in obesity rates in the US is alarming because it is associated with many conditions including:
Hypertension, depression, and premature death
Which method is the safest for thawing meats?
In the bottom shelf of the fridge
List four behaviors that increase obesity risk through action of cortisol
Increase kcal intake Decreased exercise Stress Increased sitting Lack of distinct meals Decreased sleep Increase portion size Increased snacking
How can you increase your BMR (Basal metabolic rate)?
Increase lean body mass(resistance exercise/weight training to increase muscle mass)
Which of the following is not one of the body's protective responses after encountering foodborne microbes?
Increased blood glucose levels
What is the effect on distracted eating on food intake?
Increased meal size at current and following meal
Time spent sitting is significantly associated with?
Increased risk of obesity and CHD; increased fat deposited around the heart
List two potential health outcomes related to excess amounts of this fat
Inflammation leading to chronic disease like diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, stroke, cancer;
The electrolyte imbalances that are often seen with eating disorders can result in
Irregular heartbeat and heart failure
Which hormone decreases appetite?
Leptin and PYY
The female athlete triad consists of which of the following conditions?
Low energy availability and menstrual dysfunction
Who is at a higher risk for weight gain?
Low level of thyroid hormone, low lean body mass, use of certain medications, such as steroids
Which is not associated with a higher BMR?
Lower lean body mass
What is the term used when a person's body weight exceeds 100% of normal?
Morbid obesity
Justin is an offensive lineman on his college football team. He is 6'3" and weighs 355 pounds, with a BMI of 42. Which of the following statements is most likely true?
Muscle weight is probably responsible for his high BMI
Which of the following is the leading cause of foodborne illness in the US?
Norovirus
What are the factors, that research has shown, that mitigate the effects of obesity on premature death?
Not smoking Drinking moderately Exercising 3 or more times per week Eating >5 fruits/veggies per day
According to recent studies, which group of BMI values experience the lowest risk of dying prematurely?
Overweight (25<BMI<29.9)
Which of the following is not a characteristic associated with muscle dysmorphia?
Purging by using laxatives and/or vomiting at least daily
People with muscle dysmorphia typically
Report "feeling fat"
What physiologic factors increase satiety?
Stomach expansion and increase in blood glucose levels
NEAT means fidgeting(T/F)
TRUE
Research has shown an association between the timing and duration of overconsumption and its long lasting effect on a rat's set point, which may have direct implications to humans T/F
TRUE
Which of the following best describes why the body reduces nonvital functions in untreated anorexia nervosa?
The body needs to conserve energy.
Which of the following is the physiological control center for hunger regulation?
They hypothalamus
True/False: "Superbugs" are strains of bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics.
True
True/False: A diagnosis of metabolic syndrome indicates an increased risk for heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and strokes.
True
True/False: A higher lean body mass results in higher energy expenditure through BMR (Basal Metabolic Rate).
True
True/False: An individual's body composition refers to the amount of fat tissue mass as compared with lean tissue mass.
True
True/False: Any organism in which the DNA has been altered using recombinant DNA technology is considered a genetically modified organism.
True
True/False: Apple shaped body pattern is associated with risk for chronic disease.
True
True/False: Body dysmorphic disorder is a psychiatric condition.
True
True/False: Body dysmorphic disorder usually occurs in men.
True
True/False: Female athletes who experience amenorrhea are at risk for developing osteoporosis.
True
True/False: If your sibling has or has had an eating disorder, you have an increased risk of developing an eating disorder.
True
True/False: Individuals suffering from binge-eating disorder and night eating syndrome are often overweight or obese.
True
True/False: Inflammation is one of the side health risks that can be caused by high abdominal obesity.
True
True/False: Many people with bulimia nervosa maintain a normal weight.
True
True/False: Metabolic syndrome is associated most with adipose cells stored in the abdominal cavity.
True
True/False: Night-eating syndrome is associated with obesity.
True
True/False: Nutrition counseling is an important aspect of inpatient (hospital) treatment for eating disorders.
True
True/False: Peer relationships are thought to influence the risk of developing anorexia nervosa.
True
True/False: Starting, stopping and then diets is an example of disordered eating.
True
True/False: The USDA organic seal on a product indicates that the food contains at least 95% organic ingredients.
True
True/False: The more processed a food is prior to consumption, the less energy it takes to digest this food.
True
True/False: The most abundant genetically modified food crops in the US are herbicide-tolerant corn and soybeans.
True
True/False: The only way to be sure that meat is thoroughly cooked is to check the internal temperature with a food thermometer.
True
True/False: The safety of raw seafood cannot be guaranteed; it should always be cooked to reduce the risk of foodborne illness.
True
True/False: Waist circumference alone can indicate one's risk for chronic disease.
True
Which degree of cooking has the most risk for causing foodborne illnesses?
Undercooked or raw
What is health status disparity?
Variation in rates of disease occurrence and disabilities between socioeconomic and/or geographically defined population groups
Waist circumference measurements provide an estimate for the amount of what type of fat?
Visceral fat
Why is visceral fat worse than subcutaneous fat in terms of health outcome
Visceral fat increases inflammation
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) in soup, iodine in table salt, and beet extract in strawberry ice cream are all examples of
additives
Which of the following is an example of an eating disorder?
anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge-eating disorder
What are the benefits of sustained, moderate weight loss(for the very overweight)?
iMPROVED INSULIN SENSITIVITY, REDUCED hypertension, reduced LDL levels, increased HDL levels
Energy restriction alone leads to low BMR because
it leads to loss of lean body mass
The primary determinant of basal metabolic rate is an individual's _____
lean body mass
When Jocelyn fidgets throughout a lecture class, she is expending Calories via a mechanism known as
non-exercise activity thermogensis
The amount of energy expended by the body in digesting, absorbing, transporting, metabolizing, and storing nutrients is called
the thermic effect of food
Pesticides area family of chemicals
used in the field and in storage areas to decrease destruction caused by weeds, insects, and microorganisms.
Which of the following is not considered a basal function?
walking up stairs
What are the waist measurements for women women that indicate increased risk?
women>35 inches men>40 in
