Final (Missed Questions)

Glycolysis yields a net energy profit of _______ ATP molecules per molecule of glucose. a. 4 b. 1 c. 6 d. 2 e. 0

d. 2

How many molecules are present in one mole of C6H12O6? a. 6.02 x 1023 molecules b. 1.7 x 10-10 molecules c. 1.3 x 1010 molecules d. 1.7 x 1022 molecules e. 24 molecules

a. 6.02 x 1023 molecules

The primary difference between the amino acids commonly found in proteins is in their: a. R or variable groups b. number of carbonyl groups c. number of phosphate groups d. number of asymmetric carbons e. number of potassium groups

a. R or variable groups

A large number of copies of any DNA segment can be obtained by: a. introducing foreign DNA into a bacterial plasmid so that it can be replicated. b. inducing the production of DNA from proteins. c. stimulating reverse transcription of tRNA. d. stimulating increased translation of the appropriate DNA molecule. e. stimulating increased transcription of the appropriate sequence of mRNA.

a. introducing foreign DNA into a bacterial plasmid so that it can be replicated.

Repressible genes are usually actively transcribed when: a. tryptophan accumulates in the cell b. there is no other substrate that can be used by the cell c. the supply of the end product formed by the enzymes encoded by these genes is low d. quantities of precursor materials are high e. repressor molecules bind to the promoter

a. tryptophan accumulates in the cell

_____ organize signaling molecules into complexes. a. Kinases b. Scaffold proteins c. Integrins d. Transcription factors

b. Scaffold proteins

Initiation of transcription requires: a. a DNA primer b. a promoter sequence c. DNA polymerase d. Okazaki fragments e. an RNA primer

b. a promoter sequence

Functions of cell membranes include: a. none of these b. all of these c. concentrating reactants d. organizing metabolic reactions e. allowing specialized activities to take place within small areas of the cytoplasm

b. all of these

An inducible operon is usually controlled by: a. an inducer molecule that keeps it in the "off" state b. an active repressor that keeps it in the "off" state c. allolactose d. being turned "off," usually by the end product of the pathway e. being active at all times

b. an active repressor that keeps it in the "off" state

Examples of second messengers include: a. phospholipids, ribosomes, Calcium ions b. cAMP, phospholipids, Calcium ions c. cAMP, ribosomes, Calcium ions d. cAMP, ribosomes, Calcium ions

b. cAMP, phospholipids, Calcium ions

At which level of protein structure are peptide bonds most important? a. tertiary b. primary c. globular d. secondary e. quaternary

b. primary

During which stage of meiosis does crossing over occur? a. prophase of both meiosis I and meiosis II b. prophase of meiosis I c. interphase d. prophase of meiosis II

b. prophase of meiosis I

The citric acid cycle produces what reduced molecules that convey high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain? a. NAD+ and FAD b. NADH and FADH2 c. NADPH and FADH2 d. ATP and NADPH

c. NADPH and FADH2

Which of the following statements is true of proteins? a. Denaturation is usually reversible b. All proteins are enzymes c. Proteins lose some or all of their normal activity if their three-dimensional structure is disrupted d. Proteins are composed of ribose, phosphate, and a nitrogen-containing base e. The activity of proteins is independent of temperature and pH

c. Proteins lose some or all of their normal activity if their three-dimensional structure is disrupted

Both long non-coding RNAs and short non-coding RNA's regulate _______________. a. spindle fibers b. leucine zipper production c. gene expression d. DNA methylation

c. gene expression

The process illustrated in the figure is called: a. dehydration synthesis b. condensation c. hydrolysis d. denaturation e. protein synthesis

c. hydrolysis

One feature of "engineered" plasmids that is helpful in the isolation and analysis of cloned DNA is: a. they can only handle DNA fragments of up to 10 kb b. All of these c. the presence of genes that allow transformed cells to survive on different media d. that they are an integral part of all eukaryotic cells e. they contain no genetic material of their own so that the cloned fragment is truly isolated

c. the presence of genes that allow transformed cells to survive on different media

If meiosis did not occur in sexually reproducing organisms, then: a. mitosis would be sufficient. b. eggs would be haploid, but sperm would be diploid. c. growth of the zygote would be halted. d. chromosome number would double in each generation. e. gametes would remain haploid.

d. chromosome number would double in each generation.

What is the name of the mutation that has occurred in the following example? Normal: H2N-MET-THR-ARG-ASN-TRP-ASP-PRO-THR-COOH Mutation: H2N-MET-ASN-TRP-LYC-THR-ARG-GLY-COOH a. missense base-substitution b. nonsense base-substitution c. addition frameshift d. deletion frameshift

d. deletion frameshift

Which of the following is responsible for the alpha-helical structure of proteins? a. polar covalent bonds b. ionic interactions c. hydrophobic interactions d. hydrogen bonds e. nonpolar covalent bonds

d. hydrogen bonds

A protein kinase catalyzes the reaction in which: a. G protein is activated b. GTP is converted to GDP c. ATP is converted to cAMP d. a protein loses a phosphate group e. a protein is phosphorylated

e. a protein is phosphorylated

More H+ protons on one side of a biological membrane represents a form of __________. a. allosteric binding b. hydrogen bonding c. kinetic energy d. heat energy e. potential energy

e. potential energy

The use of antibiotic medium at the end of this process (Use figure from question 13): a. selects for plasmids containing particular DNA fragments b. prevents contamination of the medium c. selects for bacteria lacking plasmids d. selects against plasmids containing human DNA fragments e. selects for bacteria containing plasmids

e. selects for bacteria containing plasmids

An exergonic reaction is considered to be: a. endergonic b. energy requiring c. symbiotic d. nonspontaneous e. spontaneous

e. spontaneous

During protein synthesis, ribosomes: a. transcribe mRNA to tRNA b. attach to the mRNA molecule and travel along its length c. translate mRNA into tRNA d. attach to the DNA molecule and travel along its length to produce an mRNA molecule e. translate mRNA into DNA

e. translate mRNA into DNA

Chromosomes are duplicated during of the cell cycle. a. S phase b. G2 phase c. prophase d. metaphase e. G1 phase

c. S phase

Which of the following groups of molecules is both an output of the light-dependent reactions and an input to the Calvin cycle? a. ADP, NADP+ b. carbohydrates, H2O c. CO2, ATP, NADPH d. ATP, NADPH

d. ATP, NADPH

Electrons in the noncyclic path of electron transport follow which of the following sequences? a. water → P680 → primary electron acceptor → P700, primary electron acceptor → electron transport chain → NADPH b. water → P700 → primary electron acceptor → P680, primary electron acceptor → electron transport chain → NADPH c. water → P680 → primary electron acceptor → electron transport chain → P700, primary electron acceptor → electron transport chain → NADPH d. Photosystem I→ Primary electron acceptor → electron transport chain→ P700→ primary electron acceptor → electron transport chain

c. water → P680 → primary electron acceptor → electron transport chain → P700, primary electron acceptor → electron transport chain → NADPH