final psych exam

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regarding panic disorder and agoraphobia, which of the following statements is false>

about 4.2 percent of all adults suffers from agoraphobia during their lifetime.

kelly is writing a paper on conformity for her psychology class. in order to find the research articles she need for the paper, the first step for her would be to get an overview of each of the articles that come up in her search. she should first read which part of each article?

abstract

concerning the effects of video games and television on aggression, which of the following statements is FALSE?

after watching television of playing a violent game, only young children show an increase in aggression, not adolescents nor adults

margarita has a stroke and is in the hospital. when her family members visit her there, margarita is unable to recognize any of their faces until she hears their voices. margarita has facial

agnosia

Typical signs of postpartum depression are

all of these

for most psychologists, control refers to

altering conditions that influence behavior

you have agreed to be hypnotized. you can expect the hypnotist to encourage you to all of the following EXCEPT

alternate tensing and releasing of your muscles

you tie a short length of string to a small ring and hole this ring at eye level, about a foot from your face. By focusing on the ring, you are able to make the ring swing back and forth. you are surprised by this movement. you most likely have experienced

autosuggestion

to produce extinction in the traditional Pavlovian experiment, an experimenter would present the

bell alone

prisoners in solitary confinement, arctic explorers, and long-distance truck drivers, who are faced with limited or monotonous stimulation for long periods of time tend to experience

bizarre or distorted perceptions

the basic building blocks that make up the core personality are called _______________ traits

central

Sierra constantly criticizes her appearance and her abilities and downplays her many accomplishments. these negative, self-defeating thoughts have led her long-standing depression, according to the ________________ theory.

cognitive

according to Gordon Allport, characteristics that are shared by most members of a culture are termed ______________ traits.

common

at the political convention, the people are crowded together on the convention floor. although the large group is a mixture of different gender, ages, and races with many different outfits, you easily group these people together based on the sign being held up in the middle of each group that bears their state's name. your grouping was the result of which perceptual principle?

common region

which receptor cells produce color sensations and fine details, work best in bright light, and lie mainly at the center of the eye?

cones

when you look at a distant object, the lines of vision from your eyes are parallel. You are normally not aware of it, but the muscles attached to the eyeball feed information on eye position to the brain to help it judge distances under 50 feet. this describes the binocular depth cue known as

convergence

to investigate the effects of a new drug for hyperactivity, one group of children is given this new drug, while the other group is given a placebo. the experimenter has his assistant label the drug and the placebo with letter names so that he will not know which group of children is getting the placebo and which group is getting the new drug until the end of the experiment. this researcher is using a

double-blind experiment to minimize research participant bias and researcher bias

according to freud, unconscious thoughts are often revealed by

dreams, emotions, and slips of the tongue

research using PET scans of human brains indicates that

each state of sleep shows distinctive pattern of electrical activity in the brain

the ears of bats can transduce and hear sound waves that humans cannot. this allows them to fly in complete darkness by using

echolocation

freud typified personality as a struggle in which one of the personality structures is caught in the middle of the conflict between the other two structures. this part caught in the middle is the

ego

which system is considered a parallel communication system to the nervous system in the body with its secretions passing directly into the bloodstream or lymph system?

endocrine

if you learn to make a response that will end an unpleasant or aversive situation, then youa re exhibiting

escape learning

for most smokers, withdrawal from nicotine causes all of the following symptoms EXCEPT for

excessive daytime sleepiness (hypersomnia)

all of the following are basic tools available to control simple learning except

extinction

which of the following is the weakening of a conditional response through the removal of the connection between the conditioned stimulus and the unconditional stimulus?

extinction

which of the following programs is considered controversial because it seems to support substance abusers in their addiction by supplying methadone and clean needles for drug injections, when, in reality, this type of program is often the only hope for addicts who would otherwise cause more harm to themselves and to others?

harm reduction strategy

which of the following aspects of freud's theory have been challenged by new research?

his portrayal of the elementary school years (latency period) as free from sexuality and unimportant for personality development

according to rogers, incongruence when there is a mismatch between any two of which entities

ideal self, self-image, and true self

learning the gender roes of one's culture is greatly influences by

identification and imitation

dr. satchel administered an objective personality test that has 567 questions and 10 clinical subscales. after she scores this test, she will chart the results graphically

in an MMPI-2 profile

to become a better "eyewitness" to life, you should do all of the following EXCEPT

increase your perceptual sets

in personality development, trait and psychoanalytic theories stress the importance of

inherited biological predispositions

researchers have found that students are more likely to prefer to meet and talk to people through the internet than face-to-face if they are hight in the trait of

introversion

the development of the self-image

involves all of these

which of the following occurs during REM sleep?

irregular heart rate and blood pressure

your friend dan states that to be comfortable in a particular job, a person's personality must match the nature of the work. dan believes that the behavior of people is strongly influenced by

lasting personal disposition

while freud believed that aggressive urges are "instinctual," behavioral theorists assume that a person's aggressiveness is the result of

learning

if damage to a specific part of the brain consistently leads to a specific loss of function, then we say that the function is

localized in the structure

regarding the culture-bound syndromes, which of the following statements is FALSE?

men in malaysia, laos, the philippines, and polynesia who believe they have been insulted develop the condition known as hikikmori

watching and imitating the actions of another person or noting the consequences of those actions is called observational learning, or

modeling

if you are riding in a car running low on gas, your attention will shift to gas stations. this is an example of influence of

motives

the somatic nervous system governs

muscle movements

the whitish, fatty substance that surrounds some axons and aids conduction of a nerve impulse down the axon is called

myelin

carmen has blurred vision because her eyeball is too long. Carmen has the condition called

myopia

the probability of repeating a response is increased by which of the following consequences?

negative reinforcement

because taking a drug reduces withdrawal symptoms, taking the drug is

negatively reinforced

the central and peripheral are the two main divisions of the _______________ system

nervous

problems not arising until adulthood, such as alzherimer's disease or parkinson's disease, would be classified as _________________ disorders.

neurocognitive

the symptoms of memory loss, trouble spelling words, depression, and moodiness exhibited by Dave Duerson and other NFL football players who had suffered concussions would be considered

neurological soft signs

naturalistic observation, correlational studies, the clinical method, and the survey method are considered ____________ methods

nonexperimental

Which aspect of the activated receptor tells the brain how strong and odor

number

which of the following is NOT a correct match between endocrine and gland and hormone?

pancreas-------corticoids

regarding night terrors, which of the following statements is FALSE?

people who have night terrors vividly remember the frightening images

assume that a scientist is working on a device to route sounds directly to the brain to provide a type of hearing for people who are completely deaf. which principle of sensory functioning would be most useful to the scientist in achieving her goal?

perception

a treatment for seasonal affective disorder that involves exposure to bright, full-spectrum light s called

phototherapy

sandra claims that antoine's anxiety unresolved sexual conflicts residing in his unconscious. sandra's interpretation of antoine's condition is consistent with the _____________ perspective.

psychodynamic

taking away a teen's privileges or using time out with younger children are examples of

punishment

according to research done to sleep restriction, if one misses an entire night's sleep, it is best to

restrict sleep to normal bedtime hours

which of the following is most characteristic of bipolar II disorder?

sadness and guilt, with at least one episode of hypomania

which of the following personality disorders describes a person who displays social isolation, extremely odd behavior, and disturbed thought patterns, but who is not actively psychotic?

schizotypal

when fatima detects the physical energies in her environment with her eyes, ears, and other sensory organs , she is engaging in the process known as

sensation

ecstasy causes brain cells to release extra amounts of

serotonin

fallon has been diagnosed with major depression. she is most likely deficient in which neurotransmitter?

serotonin

the left hemisphere processes information

simultaneously

almost any behavior can be judged to be normal or abnormal depending on the specific circumstances present. this qualification for judging whether or not a behavior is abnormal is referred to as

situational context

what do psychologists mean by the term "trait-situation interaction"

situations affect how traits are exhibited

you observe two cars of identical make and model. although one roars away and its image on your retina is now smaller, you still perceive the cars identical. this illustrates __________ constancy.

size

in the behaviorist view of development, the core of personality is shaped by early learning experiences and by praise, attention, and approval from others, which is also called

social reinforcement

before the doctor sees mina, the nurse asks mina a series of questions regarding her bodily complaints. mina tells the nurse that in the past week she has had vomiting, constipation, shortness of breath, difficultly swallowing, numbness in her feet at night, a painful tingling in her feet during the day, and headaches that keep her in bed most of the day. the nurse suspects that mina may have a(n)_______________ disorder.

somatic symptom

students who are reflective learners set goals that are

specific and measurable

although her family is unaware of her chronic feelings of hopelessness and despair, carmen is very unhappy. thus, she would be exhibiting psychopathology based on

subjective discomfort

the classification of central and secondary traits was determined

subjectively

in most cases, a person with an anxiety disorder

suffers from distress that seems greatly out of proportion to the circumstances

major depressive disorder is a mood disorder in which the person

suffers one or more intense episodes of depression

if a PET scan was done of your brain while you listened to your favorite song, your primary auditory area would be the first to light, followed by association areas in your _____________ lobes.

temporal

to be conscious means

that one is aware

which of the following is NOT a danger signal for SIDS?

the baby is placed on its back to sleep

a psychologist discovers that the blood of patients with schizophrenia contains a certain chemical not found in the general population. this means that

the chemical ad schizophrenia are related, but no casual relationship has been established

which of the following best describes maslow's concepts of self-actualization

the need to develop one's potential fully

regarding sleepwalkers, which of the following statements is FALSE?

the sleepwalker's eyes are usually closed

the corpus callosum is a thick band of fibers that connect

the two cerebral hemispheres

you caution a friend about eating so many foods that are high in fat content. your friend replies that his grandfather ate all the bacon and cheese he wanted, and he lived to be 93. which of the following is the BEST explanation for your friend's error in reasoning?

the use of individual cases

according to the big five model of personality, which is the best personality pattern?

there is no one "best" personality pattern

what do buddhists engaging in meditation practices, navaho elders drinking peyote tea, and new zealand maori priests preforming nightlong rituals to communicate with the mythical period the aborigines call "dreamtime" all have in common?

they are all meant to cleanse the mind and body and bring about altered awareness and personal revelation

which of the following reinforcers are used to provide immediate incentives for learning and to avoid the problem of satiation?

tokens

mike and jeff are brothers who have just moved with their parents into a beautiful old house. mike soon discovers that if he flushes the toilet while jeff is taking a shower, it will cause the water in the shower to become scalding hot. naturally, jeff screams as his reflexes cause him to leap backward in pan. after mike has repeated this procedure several time, jeff has begun to twitch involuntarily every time he hears any toilet flush. in this example, jumping backward to the pain of the hot water would be the

unconditional stimulus (US)

watching the night sky and seeking "a shooting star" is reinforced on which schedule of reinforcement?

variable interval

the opponent process theory of color vision explains

what happens in the optic pathways and brain after the information leaves the eye

after smoking a pack of cigarettes each day for over ten years, jackie decided to quit. unfortunately, she got bad headaches, felt tired, and experiences mood swings. these physical changes known as ________________ symptoms.

withdrawal

is a person suffering from schizophrenia has an identical twin, what percent chance does the other twin have of also becoming schizophrenic?

48 percent

in higher-order conditioning, the

CS is used as if it were a US

which technique produces the most detailed images of brain structures and allows and two-dimensional plane, or slide, of the body to be selected and displayed as an image on a computer screen?

MRI scan

regarding hearing, which of the following statements is FALSE?

The frequency is the physical "height" of a sound wave and tells how much energy it contains

which of the following is a system for managing and altering behavior through the immediate reinforcement of selected responses with poker chips or slips of paper that can be exchanged for food and/or special privilages

a token economy

greg has not been making any progress toward weight loss for the past six months. so, he and his wife draw up a formal agreement in which he states that he will meet weekly weight loss goals with the rewards for meeting these goals listed and the consequences he will incur if he does not meet his weekly goal. greg and his wife are utilizing which of the following to help greg lose weight?

a behavioral contract

after complimenting his wife helen on her new blue dress, sid proceeded to put on a red tie and a green coat, thinking they were both a yellowish brown. side mist likely has

a color weakness

mesmer's strange "treatments" are related to hypnosis because they actually relied on?

a deep sleep or trance-like state of consciousness

seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is characterized by

a lasting and disabling depression related to decreased exposure to sunlight

a stable, enduring quality that a person shows in most situations is

a personality trait


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