FINALS: LN1 | G- NF BACILLI

string test procedure

1. add 0.5% sodium desoxycholate (rgt) to colonies 2. lift colonies using inoculating loop 3. (+) thread-like structure

what are the spp. under Pseudomonas?

1. aeruginosa 2. stutzeri 3. mendocina 4. fluorescens 5. putida

give the spp under genus Acinetobacter

1. baumanii 2. lwoffii

give the spp under genus Moraxella

1. catarrhalis 2. lacunata 3. atlantae 4. lincolnii 5. nonliquefaciens 6. osloensis 7. canis

give the spp under genus Burkholderia

1. cepacia 2. mallei 3. pseudomallei 4. gladioli

OFM composition: 1. FC? 2. pH indicator? 3. ↑ ↓? 4. tubes? 5. 2nd tube requirement? 6. (+) 7. (-)

1. glucose 2. bromthymol blue 3. ↑ CHO | ↓ peptone 4. open/aero tube | closed/anaero tube 5. mineral oil 6. yellow (acid pH) 7. green/blue green (alkaline pH)

give the spp under genus stenotrophomonas

1. maltophilia

1. 8% NaCl Vibrio (-) 2. Oxidase (-) 3. Green in TCBS 4. Yellow in TCBS

1. mimicus 2. metschnikovii 3. parahaemolyicus, vulnificus, mimicus 4. alginolyticus, fluvialis, fumissii, metschnikovii

characteristics of NF

1. not/never normal flora 2. transient/temporary colonizing flora of hospitalized patients - cause nosocomial infections

explain the process of of OF media?

1. prep 2 tubes and label them as: open tube (aero |broth), closed tube (anaerobic | mineral oil) 2. place the OF media 3. inoculate the organism 4. incu, but before incubating add mineral oil on closed tube (act as O2 barrier, makes environment anaerobic) 5. after incu, note for color change

genera under fam pseudomonadaceae

1. pseudomonas 2. burkholderia 3. stenotrophomonas

Vibrio 1. Specimens for Diagnosis: 2. Transport media 3. Enrichment media 4. Selective-differential media (pH, fermentable CHO, inhibitor, pH indicator, (+)&(-))

1. stool/rectal swab 2. cary blair 3. alkaline-peptone water (AKW) - pH 8.4 4. thiosulfate citrate bile salt sucrose (TCBS) ✓ 8.6 ✓ sucrose ✓ bile salt ✓ bromthymol blue & thymol blue ✓ (+) yellow (SF) (-) green (NSF)

other spp of Pseudomonas, & its soil denitrifiers spp (1,2)

1. stutzeri (wrinkled colonies) 2. mendocina 3. fluorescens (blood bag contaminant) 4. putida

it can dev. colonies with unique odors smells like ammonium cyanide/almond-like odor P: ethanol-soluble violet pigment (VIOLACEIN) ✓ contaminate wounds ✓ do not cause GIT diseases(diarrhea, dysentery)

Chromobacterium violaceum

recite the results of Pseudomonas to these: growth at 37°C, 42°C, pyocyanin, pyoverdin

(+) to all except: (-) growth at 42°C & pyocyanin = fluorescens, putida

(v)(n)(+)results of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

(v) 1. EH 2. NR (n) 1. U (+) 1. MAC 2. M 3.OG 4. OM ​

low virulence therefore rarely cause infections, elongation in penicillin is useful criterion in differentiating from true cocci ✓grows well in 5% SBA & CAP, (+) catalase, gm-

Genus Moraxella

can cause shipping fever in cattles, human infection is through close contact w animals, in man it can cause animal bite wound ✓(-) gm; NM; (+) catalase, oxidase, nitrate, & indole, growth on 5% SBA, CAP, TSA, BAP

Genus Pasteurella

can be mistaken for N. gonorrheae on MTM ✓(-) nitrate reduction - differential test

Kingella denitrificans

coccobacilli w squared-off ends, has tropism for bones & heart, can cause endocarditis ✓ M: Twitching ✓ BH, (-) catalase which help them differentiated from Neisseria

Kingella kingae

M&A: 1. BAP - STSpre 2. MAC - NLF

M. atlantae

M&A: 1. BAP - RCE 2. MAC - NLF ✓ (+) dnase

M. canis

most common associated w human, more similar to Neisseria ✓infections causes otitis media

M. catarrhalis

M&A: 1. BAP - SCPA 2. MAC - NG

M. lacunata

liquefies serum so it is able to produce depressions on surface of Loeffler's serum agar, can cause BLEPHAROconjunctivitis, ✓ (+) catalase, nitrate, dnase

M. lacunata

M&A: ​

M. lincolnii

M&A: 1. BAP - STSOCSPA 2. MAC - NLF (!)

M. nonliquefaciens

M&A: 1. BAP - same to lincolnii (STSem) 2. MAC - NLF (!)

M. osloensis

sodium acetate utilization (+)

M. osloensis & M. canis

causes fever, and increased diarrhea (normal: increased hb)

blood transfusion reaction

wound infection in burn patients

blue pus

BCSA stands for (most effective media)

burkholderia cepacian selective agar

media used in AUT as primary isolation, as centrimide acts as a detergent and inhibits most bacteria (toxic to many except P. aeruginosa)

centrimide agar

toxin produced by V. cholerae

choleraGEN

give the spp under genus Eikenella

corrodens

deep wound infection

ecthyma gangrenosum

inhibit protein synthesis

exotoxin A

examples are endophthalmitis, conjunctivitis, corneal ulcerations

eye infection

produces acid w or w/o air (e.g. fam entero)

fermenter

give the spp under genus Capnocytophaga

gingivalis, canimorsus

hot tub folliculitis (infection affecting hair follicles)

jacazzi | hot tub syndrome

give the spp under genus Kingella

kingae, denitrificans

often as a complication of intrathecal chemotherapy for cancer

meningitis

it acts as oxygen barrier, makes environment anaerobic

mineral oil (drop)

hospital-acquired infections

nosocomial infections

OF media stands for

oxidative fermentative media

OFPBL stands for

oxidative-fermentative base, polymyxin B, bacitracin, lactose

organisms that can produce acid under w air (aerobic) conditions

oxidizers/non-fermenters

if this is use as pH indicator for OF media, (-) is red

phenol red

for attachment to host cells

pili

spp classified as NF under what families?

pseudomonadaceae & acinetobacter

water-soluble blue pigment

pyoCYANIN

green pigment

pyoVERDIN

ear infection

swimmer's ear | otitis externa

pigment production when organism is allowed to grow on media, during incubation

violacein

colonize moist areas of skin ✓ gummy colonies = BAP ✓ (-) oxidase, (+) catalase, NM

Genus Acinetobacter

aka iraqibacter, maybe confused with Neisseria & Moraxella ✓ more virulent, nonhemolytic strain (gamma) ✓ glucose oxidizing, NF ✓ gm- = MRSA ✓ (+) open tube (yellow), (-) CT (green) CS: (1) UTI, pneumonia/tracheobronchitis, endocarditis, septicemia, cellulitis, eye infection

Acinetobacter baumanii

less virulent spp of Acinetobacter, asaccharolytic/nonasacchorolytic ✓ (-) glucose, nonhemolytic strain

Acinetobacter lwoffii

now called Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, grow together w A. israelii ✓NF of oral cavity, can cause endocarditis ✓bipolat staining, (only both ends stained) ✓ PM: star-shaped colonies ✓ (-) catalase & indole

Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans

give the sp under genus Cardiobacterium it is capnophilic & requires increase moisture ✓ NF but can cause endocarditis ✓ (-) gm, catalase; (+) indole Micro: Rosette arrangement Gstained-smear: teardrop form, pleomorphic

Cardiobacterium hominis

used to test the ability of an organism to utilize acetamide as a sole source of carbon I: bromthymol blue (+) blue (-) green

AUT

onion = sour skin; man = foot rot ✓ grows n MAC but prefer SELECTIVE MEDIA (PC Agar, OFPBL, BCSA)

Burkholderia cepacia

primarily a plant pathogen, have been recovered from the blood and tissue of immunocompromised patients ✓ resembles B. cepacia

Burkholderia gladioli

also known as glander's bacillus and can cause glander's disease (animal = horse disease; man = pulmonary disease)

Burkholderia mallei

aka whitmore's bacillus can cause MELIOIDOSIS (vietnam time bomb) ✓earthy odor = ASHDOWN medium

Burkholderia pseudomallei

spp that can cause fulminant infection following DOG BITES

C. canimorsus

gm- fusiform shaped bacilli w 1 rounded & 1 tapered endes M: gliding/sliding (NH) ✓ normal flora of human oral cavity & associated w periodonTITIS & other periodonTAL ✓ nonhemolytic, capnophilic, (-) catalase, oxidase & indole

C. gingivalis

part of HACEK group known to cause clenched-fist wound due to facial punches, can cause human bite wound ✓ normal flora of mouth & GIT ✓ asaccharolytic/nonasacchorolytic ✓ (+) oxidase, lysine & ornithine; (-) catalase & indole ✓O: chlorine bleach-like odor ✓ PM: pits corrodes agar ✓ MOT: P-P involving trauma associated w human teeth bites ✓ opportunistic pathogen (OP) ​

Eikenella corrodens

curved/comma shaped rods, facultative anaerobic, basophilic L: brackush/marine water MOT: ingestion of contaminated water, fresh produce meat, dairy products, seafood, or exposed of disrupted skin and mucosal surfaces to contam water CS: gastroenteritis/wound infections ✓ (+) oxidase (except: V. metochnikovii) , glucose, (-) lactose (except: V. vulnificus (LF)) ✓ all spp are halophillic (except: V. mimicus & V. cholerae

Genus Vibrio

can cause sub-acute bacterial endocarditis ✓gm- coccobacilli ✓SBE is usually caused by Viridans streptococci

HACEK Group: ✓Haemophilus parainfluenzae ✓ Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans | aphrophilus (prev. Haemophilus) ✓ Cardiobacterium hominis ✓ Eikenella corrodens ✓ Kingella kingae

(H)ACEK results

O: (+) C: (+) A. actinomycetemcomitans I: (+) C. hominis L: (+) E. kingae

use to detect the ability of NF to produce acid

OF media (hugh & leifson)

screening test for genus Vibrio

Oxidase test

Pseudomonas: most significant/frequently isolated NF regarded as #1 ICU isolate (strict aerobe, M,TSI | K/K, BH, (+) growth 37-42 °C, COT, CT O: corn taco/corn tortilla odor ( due to 2-amino acetophenone releasement) P: pyoCYANIN (water-soluble BLUE+ pigment), pyoVERDIN (GREEN-) M: centrimide agar (PI) T: acetamide utilization test (+) CS: 1. blue pus 2. swimmer's/ diver's ear | otitis externa 3. jacuzzi | hot tub syndrome 4. ecthyma gangrenosum 5. sepsis, uti 6. #1 cause pneumonia w CYSTIC FIBROSIS VF: 1. pili 2. alginate 3. exotoxin A 4. endotoxin S: (1) aminoglycosides (2) semi-synthetic penicillins (PIPERAcillin, TICARcillin) (3) cephalosporins, ceftazidime, & cefepime (3rd-4th gen) (4) fluoroquinolones & carbapenems (exc: ertapenem)

P. aeruginosa

causes animal bite wound (mot: animal bite/scratch) ✓ colonies w musty odor (mushroom) = BAP ✓ (-) gm, NM, (+) catalase, oxidase, nitrate, & indole

Pasteurella multocida

now classified under family Enterobacteriaceae, gm- pleomorphic rod which can appear FILAMENTOUS ✓gamma(non)hemolytic on BAP CS: gastroenteritis, septicemia (adults & infants) = complicated delivery

Plesiomonas shigelloides

associated w transfusion-associated septicemia, provide their DT

S: fluorescens, putida T: gelatin hydrolysis test

use AMMONIA as sole NITROGEN SOURCE, & ACETATE as sole CARBON SOURCE

S: stutzeri, mendocina

3rd most common non-fermentative gram- bacillus isolated in CL, can contaminate blood drawing equipment ✓ (-) oxidase, key biochem test (+) dnase ✓CLSI recommends broth microdilution testing for S. maltophilia

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

H: B/S MOT: wound exposure to contam water

V. alginolyticus & Photobacterium damsela

H: outside human GIT, survive in dormant state in B/S MOT: fecal-oral route (ingestion of contam water & seafood)

V. cholerae

aka astatic/epidemic cholera, causative agent of cholera ✓ rise watery stool VF: choleragen M: shooting star Serotypes: 1. V. cholerae O1 classic 2. V. cholerae EL TOR 3. V. cholerae serogroup 0139 4. V. cholerae Non01 ✓ string test (+)

V. cholerae

biogroup differs from the classic, it is voges-proskauer (+), hemolyzes erythrocyte, able to agglutinate chicken RBCs ✓ inhibited by polymyxin B (50 ug)

V. cholerae EL TOR

H: B/S MOT: ingestion of contam water or seafood

V. fluvialis, furnissii, mimicus, parahaemolyticus, vulnificus, Grimontia hollisae

H: B/S &F MOT: unknown

V. metschnikovii

promote biofilm formation

alginate

does not produce acid aerobically and anaerobically ✓ both OT & CT = (-) OF media (green)

asaccharolytic/nonasacchorolytic