FINALS: LN1 | G- NF BACILLI
string test procedure
1. add 0.5% sodium desoxycholate (rgt) to colonies 2. lift colonies using inoculating loop 3. (+) thread-like structure
what are the spp. under Pseudomonas?
1. aeruginosa 2. stutzeri 3. mendocina 4. fluorescens 5. putida
give the spp under genus Acinetobacter
1. baumanii 2. lwoffii
give the spp under genus Moraxella
1. catarrhalis 2. lacunata 3. atlantae 4. lincolnii 5. nonliquefaciens 6. osloensis 7. canis
give the spp under genus Burkholderia
1. cepacia 2. mallei 3. pseudomallei 4. gladioli
OFM composition: 1. FC? 2. pH indicator? 3. ↑ ↓? 4. tubes? 5. 2nd tube requirement? 6. (+) 7. (-)
1. glucose 2. bromthymol blue 3. ↑ CHO | ↓ peptone 4. open/aero tube | closed/anaero tube 5. mineral oil 6. yellow (acid pH) 7. green/blue green (alkaline pH)
give the spp under genus stenotrophomonas
1. maltophilia
1. 8% NaCl Vibrio (-) 2. Oxidase (-) 3. Green in TCBS 4. Yellow in TCBS
1. mimicus 2. metschnikovii 3. parahaemolyicus, vulnificus, mimicus 4. alginolyticus, fluvialis, fumissii, metschnikovii
characteristics of NF
1. not/never normal flora 2. transient/temporary colonizing flora of hospitalized patients - cause nosocomial infections
explain the process of of OF media?
1. prep 2 tubes and label them as: open tube (aero |broth), closed tube (anaerobic | mineral oil) 2. place the OF media 3. inoculate the organism 4. incu, but before incubating add mineral oil on closed tube (act as O2 barrier, makes environment anaerobic) 5. after incu, note for color change
genera under fam pseudomonadaceae
1. pseudomonas 2. burkholderia 3. stenotrophomonas
Vibrio 1. Specimens for Diagnosis: 2. Transport media 3. Enrichment media 4. Selective-differential media (pH, fermentable CHO, inhibitor, pH indicator, (+)&(-))
1. stool/rectal swab 2. cary blair 3. alkaline-peptone water (AKW) - pH 8.4 4. thiosulfate citrate bile salt sucrose (TCBS) ✓ 8.6 ✓ sucrose ✓ bile salt ✓ bromthymol blue & thymol blue ✓ (+) yellow (SF) (-) green (NSF)
other spp of Pseudomonas, & its soil denitrifiers spp (1,2)
1. stutzeri (wrinkled colonies) 2. mendocina 3. fluorescens (blood bag contaminant) 4. putida
it can dev. colonies with unique odors smells like ammonium cyanide/almond-like odor P: ethanol-soluble violet pigment (VIOLACEIN) ✓ contaminate wounds ✓ do not cause GIT diseases(diarrhea, dysentery)
Chromobacterium violaceum
recite the results of Pseudomonas to these: growth at 37°C, 42°C, pyocyanin, pyoverdin
(+) to all except: (-) growth at 42°C & pyocyanin = fluorescens, putida
(v)(n)(+)results of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
(v) 1. EH 2. NR (n) 1. U (+) 1. MAC 2. M 3.OG 4. OM
low virulence therefore rarely cause infections, elongation in penicillin is useful criterion in differentiating from true cocci ✓grows well in 5% SBA & CAP, (+) catalase, gm-
Genus Moraxella
can cause shipping fever in cattles, human infection is through close contact w animals, in man it can cause animal bite wound ✓(-) gm; NM; (+) catalase, oxidase, nitrate, & indole, growth on 5% SBA, CAP, TSA, BAP
Genus Pasteurella
can be mistaken for N. gonorrheae on MTM ✓(-) nitrate reduction - differential test
Kingella denitrificans
coccobacilli w squared-off ends, has tropism for bones & heart, can cause endocarditis ✓ M: Twitching ✓ BH, (-) catalase which help them differentiated from Neisseria
Kingella kingae
M&A: 1. BAP - STSpre 2. MAC - NLF
M. atlantae
M&A: 1. BAP - RCE 2. MAC - NLF ✓ (+) dnase
M. canis
most common associated w human, more similar to Neisseria ✓infections causes otitis media
M. catarrhalis
M&A: 1. BAP - SCPA 2. MAC - NG
M. lacunata
liquefies serum so it is able to produce depressions on surface of Loeffler's serum agar, can cause BLEPHAROconjunctivitis, ✓ (+) catalase, nitrate, dnase
M. lacunata
M&A:
M. lincolnii
M&A: 1. BAP - STSOCSPA 2. MAC - NLF (!)
M. nonliquefaciens
M&A: 1. BAP - same to lincolnii (STSem) 2. MAC - NLF (!)
M. osloensis
sodium acetate utilization (+)
M. osloensis & M. canis
causes fever, and increased diarrhea (normal: increased hb)
blood transfusion reaction
wound infection in burn patients
blue pus
BCSA stands for (most effective media)
burkholderia cepacian selective agar
media used in AUT as primary isolation, as centrimide acts as a detergent and inhibits most bacteria (toxic to many except P. aeruginosa)
centrimide agar
toxin produced by V. cholerae
choleraGEN
give the spp under genus Eikenella
corrodens
deep wound infection
ecthyma gangrenosum
inhibit protein synthesis
exotoxin A
examples are endophthalmitis, conjunctivitis, corneal ulcerations
eye infection
produces acid w or w/o air (e.g. fam entero)
fermenter
give the spp under genus Capnocytophaga
gingivalis, canimorsus
hot tub folliculitis (infection affecting hair follicles)
jacazzi | hot tub syndrome
give the spp under genus Kingella
kingae, denitrificans
often as a complication of intrathecal chemotherapy for cancer
meningitis
it acts as oxygen barrier, makes environment anaerobic
mineral oil (drop)
hospital-acquired infections
nosocomial infections
OF media stands for
oxidative fermentative media
OFPBL stands for
oxidative-fermentative base, polymyxin B, bacitracin, lactose
organisms that can produce acid under w air (aerobic) conditions
oxidizers/non-fermenters
if this is use as pH indicator for OF media, (-) is red
phenol red
for attachment to host cells
pili
spp classified as NF under what families?
pseudomonadaceae & acinetobacter
water-soluble blue pigment
pyoCYANIN
green pigment
pyoVERDIN
ear infection
swimmer's ear | otitis externa
pigment production when organism is allowed to grow on media, during incubation
violacein
colonize moist areas of skin ✓ gummy colonies = BAP ✓ (-) oxidase, (+) catalase, NM
Genus Acinetobacter
aka iraqibacter, maybe confused with Neisseria & Moraxella ✓ more virulent, nonhemolytic strain (gamma) ✓ glucose oxidizing, NF ✓ gm- = MRSA ✓ (+) open tube (yellow), (-) CT (green) CS: (1) UTI, pneumonia/tracheobronchitis, endocarditis, septicemia, cellulitis, eye infection
Acinetobacter baumanii
less virulent spp of Acinetobacter, asaccharolytic/nonasacchorolytic ✓ (-) glucose, nonhemolytic strain
Acinetobacter lwoffii
now called Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, grow together w A. israelii ✓NF of oral cavity, can cause endocarditis ✓bipolat staining, (only both ends stained) ✓ PM: star-shaped colonies ✓ (-) catalase & indole
Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans
give the sp under genus Cardiobacterium it is capnophilic & requires increase moisture ✓ NF but can cause endocarditis ✓ (-) gm, catalase; (+) indole Micro: Rosette arrangement Gstained-smear: teardrop form, pleomorphic
Cardiobacterium hominis
used to test the ability of an organism to utilize acetamide as a sole source of carbon I: bromthymol blue (+) blue (-) green
AUT
onion = sour skin; man = foot rot ✓ grows n MAC but prefer SELECTIVE MEDIA (PC Agar, OFPBL, BCSA)
Burkholderia cepacia
primarily a plant pathogen, have been recovered from the blood and tissue of immunocompromised patients ✓ resembles B. cepacia
Burkholderia gladioli
also known as glander's bacillus and can cause glander's disease (animal = horse disease; man = pulmonary disease)
Burkholderia mallei
aka whitmore's bacillus can cause MELIOIDOSIS (vietnam time bomb) ✓earthy odor = ASHDOWN medium
Burkholderia pseudomallei
spp that can cause fulminant infection following DOG BITES
C. canimorsus
gm- fusiform shaped bacilli w 1 rounded & 1 tapered endes M: gliding/sliding (NH) ✓ normal flora of human oral cavity & associated w periodonTITIS & other periodonTAL ✓ nonhemolytic, capnophilic, (-) catalase, oxidase & indole
C. gingivalis
part of HACEK group known to cause clenched-fist wound due to facial punches, can cause human bite wound ✓ normal flora of mouth & GIT ✓ asaccharolytic/nonasacchorolytic ✓ (+) oxidase, lysine & ornithine; (-) catalase & indole ✓O: chlorine bleach-like odor ✓ PM: pits corrodes agar ✓ MOT: P-P involving trauma associated w human teeth bites ✓ opportunistic pathogen (OP)
Eikenella corrodens
curved/comma shaped rods, facultative anaerobic, basophilic L: brackush/marine water MOT: ingestion of contaminated water, fresh produce meat, dairy products, seafood, or exposed of disrupted skin and mucosal surfaces to contam water CS: gastroenteritis/wound infections ✓ (+) oxidase (except: V. metochnikovii) , glucose, (-) lactose (except: V. vulnificus (LF)) ✓ all spp are halophillic (except: V. mimicus & V. cholerae
Genus Vibrio
can cause sub-acute bacterial endocarditis ✓gm- coccobacilli ✓SBE is usually caused by Viridans streptococci
HACEK Group: ✓Haemophilus parainfluenzae ✓ Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans | aphrophilus (prev. Haemophilus) ✓ Cardiobacterium hominis ✓ Eikenella corrodens ✓ Kingella kingae
(H)ACEK results
O: (+) C: (+) A. actinomycetemcomitans I: (+) C. hominis L: (+) E. kingae
use to detect the ability of NF to produce acid
OF media (hugh & leifson)
screening test for genus Vibrio
Oxidase test
Pseudomonas: most significant/frequently isolated NF regarded as #1 ICU isolate (strict aerobe, M,TSI | K/K, BH, (+) growth 37-42 °C, COT, CT O: corn taco/corn tortilla odor ( due to 2-amino acetophenone releasement) P: pyoCYANIN (water-soluble BLUE+ pigment), pyoVERDIN (GREEN-) M: centrimide agar (PI) T: acetamide utilization test (+) CS: 1. blue pus 2. swimmer's/ diver's ear | otitis externa 3. jacuzzi | hot tub syndrome 4. ecthyma gangrenosum 5. sepsis, uti 6. #1 cause pneumonia w CYSTIC FIBROSIS VF: 1. pili 2. alginate 3. exotoxin A 4. endotoxin S: (1) aminoglycosides (2) semi-synthetic penicillins (PIPERAcillin, TICARcillin) (3) cephalosporins, ceftazidime, & cefepime (3rd-4th gen) (4) fluoroquinolones & carbapenems (exc: ertapenem)
P. aeruginosa
causes animal bite wound (mot: animal bite/scratch) ✓ colonies w musty odor (mushroom) = BAP ✓ (-) gm, NM, (+) catalase, oxidase, nitrate, & indole
Pasteurella multocida
now classified under family Enterobacteriaceae, gm- pleomorphic rod which can appear FILAMENTOUS ✓gamma(non)hemolytic on BAP CS: gastroenteritis, septicemia (adults & infants) = complicated delivery
Plesiomonas shigelloides
associated w transfusion-associated septicemia, provide their DT
S: fluorescens, putida T: gelatin hydrolysis test
use AMMONIA as sole NITROGEN SOURCE, & ACETATE as sole CARBON SOURCE
S: stutzeri, mendocina
3rd most common non-fermentative gram- bacillus isolated in CL, can contaminate blood drawing equipment ✓ (-) oxidase, key biochem test (+) dnase ✓CLSI recommends broth microdilution testing for S. maltophilia
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
H: B/S MOT: wound exposure to contam water
V. alginolyticus & Photobacterium damsela
H: outside human GIT, survive in dormant state in B/S MOT: fecal-oral route (ingestion of contam water & seafood)
V. cholerae
aka astatic/epidemic cholera, causative agent of cholera ✓ rise watery stool VF: choleragen M: shooting star Serotypes: 1. V. cholerae O1 classic 2. V. cholerae EL TOR 3. V. cholerae serogroup 0139 4. V. cholerae Non01 ✓ string test (+)
V. cholerae
biogroup differs from the classic, it is voges-proskauer (+), hemolyzes erythrocyte, able to agglutinate chicken RBCs ✓ inhibited by polymyxin B (50 ug)
V. cholerae EL TOR
H: B/S MOT: ingestion of contam water or seafood
V. fluvialis, furnissii, mimicus, parahaemolyticus, vulnificus, Grimontia hollisae
H: B/S &F MOT: unknown
V. metschnikovii
promote biofilm formation
alginate
does not produce acid aerobically and anaerobically ✓ both OT & CT = (-) OF media (green)
asaccharolytic/nonasacchorolytic