GEO 135 Exam 2

Which of the following relationships is true? A. In South America, most of the urban population is of European dissent while the mountainous and Amazonian population is largely indigenous Amerindian B. In South America, US involvement in politics and security is absent while it is present in Central America in places such as Maquiladoras C. In South America, most of the urban population is indigenous Amerindian while the mountainous and Amazonian population is largely of European dissent D. In South America, slavery is no longer legal in Brazil, but it is widely accepted in the Guianas

A

Assimilation

A complete blending with the host society *often takes generations to happen

Acculturation

A group changes enough to function within a host society.

Nation

A group of people who share a common cultural background and history

State

A legalized territory with an effective independent (sovereign) system of governance

Post Colonialism

A philosophy or study that revolves around understanding the impacts of colonization

Shatterbelt

A region where boundaries have been redrawn many times (the pattern)

Which of the following is not one of the changes during the Industrial Revolution that affected how humans produced things?

A rural-to-urban shift in the population

How did the former Yugoslavia remain intact until the 1980s when it was full of many diverse groups, languages, and peoples?

A strong leader/dictator who used threat of force to maintain order

Boundary

A thin vertical plane with no width that separates two territories

Which of the following characterizes the Amazon Basin's issues and concerns today?

A. Deforestation B. Mining and mining waste affecting local populations C. Flooding of forests for dams and hydroelectric power D. Loss of Amerindian lands and identity at the hands of national and international development

In Latin America, agricultural types, land use types, other resources, and therefore the location of the cultures that inhabit these areas are associated with elevation. We call this concept __________________.

Altitudinal zonation

Race

An artificial classification based on minor biological/genetic differences

Nationality

An identity within a group of people who share legal attachment and/or personal allegiance to a particular country *Native american college pow wow with American flags

Relic Boundaries

Ancient boundaries that cease to function

Four parts of boundary creation

Description (or definition) Delimitation (official mapping) Demarcation (Physical implementation) Administration (Maintenance)

Subsequent Boundaries

Drawn after wars

Which of the following region was deeply affected by European border drawing?

Latin America and Africa

Acculturation examples

Learning English to get a job in America Native Americans in European clothing

Why does conflict erupt?

Long standing conflict Desire for autonomy Desire for supremacy Fear of oppression

Types of Boundaries

Mathematical/Geometric Boundaries - Ex: USA, Africa and Middle East Physiographic Boundries (Natural Borders) Example- Europe Ethnographic boundaries

Which of the following terms/places DO NOT go together?

Northern Ireland and peaceful history

Superimposed Boundaries

Outside power forcing boundaries on the land

Imperialism

expansion of a country's territory over another, often an unequal relationship centered on domination

Which of the following is NOT a reason your book gave for colonialist forces in the past and neocolonialist forces today to exploit workers and resources in Latin America?

Improvement of the well-being of the indigenous people of the region

According to your book, the Russian Empire

was the largest empire in history in terms of territory

Centrifugal

Cultural forces that pull a nation apart

Centripetal

Cultural forces that pull a nation together

Post-colonial Europe

"more than any other region, Europe has shaped the human geography of the modern world."

Why is Transcaucasia referred to in this way?

Because it lies in a region dominated by the Caucasus Mountains

Why is Latin America called "Latin America?"

Because of the influence of colonizers who spoke languages with their roots in Latin.

What happens when the Empire comes to an end?

Becomes centrifugal; people go nuts, things get crazy

Antecedent Boundaries

Boundaries drawn before it was settled

What kind of force is the empire in unifying (or not) members of this multi-national state?

By force it becomes a centripetal force.

In Northern Ireland, the violence and cultural problems faced there were a result of both religious and political differences between populations. This is an example of a ______________.

Centrifugal Force

Ways European colonization affected Latin America (both Middle and South America).

Ended Empires Brought urbanization to coastal areas Established current borders Gave way to a diverse ethnic and racial composition

Which of the following is not a characteristics of the USSR system of political division?

Every republic continued to operate under Russian rule after the dissolving of the USSR.

Imperialism

Expansion of a country's territory over another, often an unequal relationship centered on domination

According to your book, European colonization has ended, and along with it the impacts of that era of colonization. (True/False)

False

According to your book, the United States has had very little involvement in Latin America, since the U.S., like Latin American countries, was also once a European colony. (True/False)

False

Europe, because of its deep historical roots, longstanding civilizations, and its role as a dominate colonizer, is a region that has seen very little impact by immigrant groups coming to its countries. (True/False)

False

Once Soviet Republics declared independence, the Iron Curtain still took many years to fall. (True/False)

False

Spain and Portugal were the only imperial powers to colonize South America. (True/False)

False

Unlike the US and Canada, Middle and South America are relatively homogeneous and less diverse in ethnic and racial population groups. (True/False)

False

Ways colonialism is still alive in latin America

Food, missionary work (real purpose), etc.

Balkanization

Fragmentation of a region into smaller, often hostile, political units (the process)

The area of Chechnya has had long standing trouble as it has sought to become independent from Russian overlords. But, many empires have laid claim in this area over history. Which of the following is not one of those?

Georgian

According to your book, the post-communist period in Russia led to

Increased disparity between the rich and the poor in a new capitalist economy Increased death rates due to increased alcoholism, disease, and abortion

Globalization

Increased linkages between cultures breaking down traditional barriers and making traditional borders less meaningful

Which of the following is NOT a reason that maquiladoras have become popular in Mexico?

Investment in Mexico from other Central American nations in production of goods with a market in the United States

One of the important physical geography characteristics of Europe's human settlement that lead to the industrial revolution and its ability to support economies and population is its access to ocean shipping through protected harbors and good rivers. Which of the following is another important physical attribute of Europe?

It has a moderate climate with reasonably predictable precipitation that has allowed settlements to flourish for centuries.

types of Policies and Funding used to promote development

Policies- Self-sufficiency, global trades and fair trade Funding- Loans and microloans

What role do boundaries play for nations?

Protection separation identity

Ethnicity

a group with a common origin and cultural tradition and cultural health/homeland that exists within a host culture.

Examples of Cultural tourism

The Achuar people who used publicity to influence the empathy of others around the globe

Multiculturalism

The doctrine that many different cultures can and should coexist peacefully and equitably within a host culture.

Doctrine of First Effective Settlement

The first culture to effectively dominate an area will have the longest lasting effects on it.

Colinization

The pattern of one country asserting its power in establishing a reliance abroad to increase economic power and wealth back home.

Development

The process of improving the conditions of people, usually economically through the diffusion of knowledge, technology, and finance.

Ethnic Cleansing

The process where a more powerful ethnicity removes a less powerful one in order to create an ethnically homogeneous region

Which of the following is NOT a reason the European Union was created?

To create a model like the USSR, where each member country would be overseen by an EU governing body in its headquarters in Brussels.

Russia is the largest country in the world in land area. (True/False)

True

USSR

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

Neocolonialism

Using economic, political, and cultural controls to influence another country

History's influence and the USSR

Warsaw Pact Spheres of Influence Satallite States Eastern Bloc / Communist Bloc

Nation-State

When the nation and state boundaries coincide. Examples Ireland, sweden, and maybe Japan

Cold war was about which of the following?

World power Resources Territory and allies Control of Labor

Does racism still exist in the United States?

Yes, police brutality, language barriers, riots attention, slurs, past generations, confederate flag, housing & neighborhood sectioning.

What country is the "poster child" of balkanization and shatterbelt?

Yugoslavia

Russia is a unique country in that it

has a geographic footprint that spreads over two continents

What role do boundaries play for states?

jurisdiction separation or resources idenity

Characteristics of ethnicity

often form identity, and born into it. It can be mapped (spatial components)

What are the primary sources of these cultural forces?

religion language ethnicity politics economic conditions

Multi-national States

states with large expansive borders

raison d'etre

the most important reason or purpose for someone or something's existence.

Supranational Organizations

the voluntary association of three or more independent states willing to yield some measure of sovereignty for mutual benefit.