GEO EXAM 220 EXAM 1

The Geographic grid

-Divides Earth's surface into latitudes and longitudes -The basis for time zones

Lines of longitude are also known as: A. meridians. B. parallels. C. poles. D. positional lines.

A. meridians.

The peninsula shared by Portugal and Spain is: A. Scandinavia. B. Montenegro. C. the Balkans. D. Iberia

D. Iberia

The term used to describe semiarid grasslands is: A. tundra. B. pampas. C. savanna. D. steppe

D. steppe

Most of Europe's largest rivers are too shallow to accommodate transport vessels. True False

False

All projections entail some distortion. True False

True

Prime meridian

(0 degrees longitude) the meridian that passes through the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, England

A map serves two purposes:

-A reference tool -A communications tool

3 types of projections:

-Azimuthal projections -Conic projections -Cylindrical projections

Why do Alderman and Inwood link geography with civil rights?

-Found in schools curriculums were teaching enough about civil rights in different geographic areas (slavery and injustice) -Lack of teaching leading to racial and economic re-segregation of schools -Silence on certain issues in places like Texas and Tennessee -Racism from Americas past followed into present in certain geographies

To make a map, a cartographer must make two decisions:

-How much of the earths surface to depict on the map (map scale) -How to transfer the spherical Earth to a flat map

Time zones

-earth makes a complete rotation every 24 hours and as a sphere is divided into 360 degree longitude -Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) or Universal Time (UT) is the time at the prime meridian and "master reference time for all points on earth"

4 types of distortion that can result on maps:

1. shape 2. distance 3. size 4. direction

Which of the following is NOT one of Russia's internal republics? A. Azerbaijan B. Ossetia C. Chechnya D. Tatarstan

A. Azerbaijan

The El Niño effect reaches its peak around: A. Christmas. B. Thanksgiving. C. Easter. D. the 4th of July.

A. Christmas.

Which is true of Europe's largest mountain chain? A. It stretches predominantly in an east-west direction. B. It covers almost the entire continent. C. It is almost insignificant in size. D. It stretches predominantly in a north-south direction.

A. It stretches predominantly in an east-west direction.

The Ural Mountains start at the Arctic Ocean and end in _____________. A. Kazakhstan B. Ukraine C. Georgia D. Belarus

A. Kazakhstan

The economic core of Europe is located where the Rhine River meets the: A. North Sea. B. Atlantic Ocean. C. Tyrrhenian Sea. D. Mediterranean Sea.

A. North Sea.

The first U.S. company to establish an oil development business in Ecuador was: A. Texaco. B. Sunoco. C. Lukoil. D. BP.

A. Texaco.

Which of the following Russian mountain ranges is closest to Russia's western border? A. Urals B. Kolymas C. E. Sayans D. Stanovoys

A. Urals

Which of the following refers to the relationship between the distances shown on the map and the actual distances on Earth's surface? A. scale B. spatial analysis C. cartography D. regional geography

A. scale

What is the name of the tectonic process that has created many of the mountains in Middle and South America? A. subduction B. block faulting C. eustatic rise D. talusing

A. subduction

Tropical crops such as bananas and pineapples thrive in: A. tierra caliente. B. tierra templada. C. tierra fria. D. tierra helada.

A. tierra caliente.

The world's largest industry is: A. tourism. B. steel production. C. agriculture. D. cattle farming.

A. tourism.

Which of the following best describes the European Mediterranean climate? A. warm, dry summers; rainy, mild winters B. blistering summers; freezing winters C. wet summers; dry winters D. monsoon-laden summers; arctic winters

A. warm, dry summers; rainy, mild winters

What fraction of Earth's land surface did the USSR cover? Select one: A. 1/8 B. 1/6 C. 1/4 D. 1/3

B. 1/6

Tropical rain forests absorb approximately ___ percent of the carbon dioxide added to Earth's atmosphere yearly by human activity. A. 5 B. 18 C. 33 D. 62

B. 18

The world's driest desert is located in: Select one: A. Peru. B. Chile. C. Botswana. D. Zimbabwe.

B. Chile.

Through which ocean does the longitude line at 180° run? A. Atlantic B. Pacific C. Indian D. Arctic

B. Pacific

Europe's largest port is: A. Paris. B. Rotterdam. C. London. D. Oslo.

B. Rotterdam.

Europe's moderate climate is largely due to the: A. presence of numerous mountain ranges in its landmass. B. climate-moderating effects of the large bodies of water that surround it. C. Gulf Stream and the Jet Stream. D. atmospheric cooling effects of volcanic eruptions in Scandinavia.

B. climate-moderating effects of the large bodies of water that surround it.

The globe is divided into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres at the: A. International Date Line. B. equator. C. Tropic of Cancer. D. Tropic of Capricorn

B. equator.

Which of the following statements best describes the way elderly and working class Russians view Putin and similar political leaders? A. corrupt politicians not to be trusted B. forces for stability during politically turbulent times C. radical liberal politicians D. champions of democracy and Western ideal

B. forces for stability during politically turbulent times

The entire European region is one giant _____________ extending off the Eurasian continent. A. archipelago B. peninsula C. atoll D. island

B. peninsula

Geography as a discipline links the _________________ with the _____________________. A. city; state B. physical sciences; social sciences C. study of biology; study of sociology D. people; government

B. physical sciences; social sciences

The coastal zones of the North European Plain are best described as: A. arid. B. populous. C. tropical. D. poverty-stricken.

B. populous.

Cartographers solve the problem of showing the spherical Earth on a flat piece of paper by using: A. lines of latitude. B. projections. C. globes instead of flat maps. D. degrees, minutes, and seconds

B. projections.

The North Atlantic Drift is the easternmost end of: A. the Jet Stream. B. the Gulf Stream. C. plate tectonic activity. D. El Niño.

B. the Gulf Stream.

In its heyday, the USSR stretched from Central Europe to _______________. A. Asia Minor B. the Pacific Ocean C. Caspian Sea D. Kara Sea

B. the Pacific Ocean

An area in which only lichen and moss can grow is referred to as _______________. A. steppe B. tundra C. permafrost D. savanna

B. tundra

The highest and most central part of the major European mountain range is known as the: A. Pyrenees. B. Balkans. C. Alps. D. Urals.

C. Alps.

The Amazon Basis lies within: A. Uruguay. B. Panama. C. Brazil. D. Costa Rica

C. Brazil.

The part of Russia west of the Urals is sometimes called: A. Georgia. B. Kirkuk. C. European Russia. D. Turkmenistan.

C. European Russia.

The term used to refer to Mexico, Central America, and the islands of the Caribbean is: A. South America. B. Latin America. C. Middle America. D. MCAC.

C. Middle America.

Which of the following is the best summary of Soviet ideology's approach to the environment? A. Nature is a powerful force and should be respected. B. Forests should be harvested, but water should not be polluted. C. Nature is the servant of industrial and agricultural progress. D. Humanity should live in harmony with the land.

C. Nature is the servant of industrial and agricultural progress.

Which of the following statements is true? A. Middle and South America occupied an advantaged position in global trade after initial contact with Europe. B. Middle and South America were able to advance economic development within the region with the large profits garnered from supplying Europe and North America with raw materials. C. The negative environmental impacts of the region's extractive industries have largely been ignored. D. The region of Middle and South America has few natural resources to draw in outside interest.

C. The negative environmental impacts of the region's extractive industries have largely been ignored.

The feminist punk band Pussy Riot did which of the following political acts? A. They endorsed presidential favorite Vladimir Putin. B. The lead singer ran as the first female Russian presidential candidate. C. They staged an unauthorized performance protesting Vladimir Putin's policies. D. They staged a performance at Vladimir Putin's presidential inauguration.

C. They staged an unauthorized performance protesting Vladimir Putin's policies.

The Chernobyl nuclear plant was located in: A. Georgia. B. Russia. C. Ukraine. D. Chechnya.

C. Ukraine.

The current president of Russia is: A. Mikhail Gorbachev. B. Boris Yeltsin. C. Vladimir Putin. D. Nikita Khrushchev. Check

C. Vladimir Putin.

Which of the following terms refers to the making of maps? A. scale B. spatial analysis C. cartography D. regional geography

C. cartography

In addition to industrial sites, cities, and transport spaces, what is the dominant land cover throughout Europe? A. taiga forests and steppe lands B. glacial rock and sandy soils C. crops and pasture grass D. tundra and subtropical forests

C. crops and pasture grass

What climate type dominates eastern Europe and consists of hot summers and long, cold winters? A. Mediterranean B. temperate midlatitude C. humid continental D. North Atlantic European

C. humid continental

Which of the following terms refers to the unit of Earth's surface that contains distinct patterns of physical features or of human activities? A. place B. space C. region D. scale

C. region

What is lowland South America's largest physical feature? A. the pampas B. the llanos C. the Amazon Basin D. Patagonia

C. the Amazon Basin

The collective term used to refer to the group of countries that includes Bulgaria, Croatia, Serbia, Slovenia, and others is ________________. A. eastern Europe B. the Philippines C. the Balkans D. the Bosporus and the Dardanelles

C. the Balkans

The mountain chain that extends along the western edge of Middle/South America is known as _____________ in Mexico and as _______________ in South America. A. the Appalachians; the Rockies B. the Montanas; the Tierras C. the Sierra Madre; the Andes D. the Andes; the Fuegos

C. the Sierra Madre; the Andes

Which area is home to some of the world's largest reserves of oil and natural gas? A. the Central Siberian Plateau B. Moscow and its environs C. the West Siberian Plain D. the Ural Mountains

C. the West Siberian Plain

Central to the study of geography are the questions ________ and ________. A. who; when B. why; how C. where; why D. how many; when

C. where; why

A storm becomes a hurricane when winds reach __________ miles per hour. A. 25 B. 45 C. 65 D. 75

D. 75

Which of the following is NOT an example of a geographic inquiry? A. How did a group of people come to occupy a particular place? B. How have people modified the physical aspects of a place to suit their needs? C. How have people contributed to a particular environmental problem? D. All of the above are examples of geographical inquiry.

D. All of the above are examples of geographical inquiry.

According to the textbook, western Europe includes all of the following subregions EXCEPT: A. North Europe, except Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia. B. South Europe. C. West Europe, except the former East Germany. D. Central Europe.

D. Central Europe.

The prime meridian runs from the North Pole to the South Pole through: A. New York City, USA. B. Berlin, Germany. C. London, England. D. Greenwich, England.

D. Greenwich, England.

Which country is NOT one of the post-Soviet states? A. Turkmenistan B. Uzbekistan C. Azerbaijan D. Montenegro

D. Montenegro

Which of the following is NOT one of the natural hazards common to this region? (south america) A. hurricanes B. volcanic eruptions C. earthquakes D. blizzards

D. blizzards

Which of the following crops is NOT grown in Europe's Mediterranean climate? A. olives B. citrus C. wheat D. corn

D. corn

Which is NOT a challenge being faced by the former states of the USSR? A. crime B. economic instability C. political corruption D. embargoes

D. embargoes

All of the following are contributing to deforestation in Middle/South America EXCEPT for the: A. clearing of land to raise cattle and cash crops. B. logging of hardwoods. C. extraction of minerals and oil. D. increased volcanic activity in the region.

D. increased volcanic activity in the region.

In defining a region, geographers might take into account all of the following factors EXCEPT: A. political boundaries. B. physical characteristics. C. cultural characteristics. D. literary history.

D. literary history.

Which of the following is NOT an aspect of geographical analysis? A. spatial analysis B. multiple scales of analysis C. cartography D. lithography

D. lithography

Approximately __________ Earth's remaining rain forests are located in South America. A. one-tenth B. one-quarter C. one-third D. one-half

D. one-half

Which of the following is NOT a resource that Russia has in abundance? A. iron ore and coal B. nickel C. forests D. silver and gold

D. silver and gold

Which of the following terms refers to the study of how people, objects, or ideas are, or are not, related to one another across space? A. regional geography B. physical geography C. cartography D. spatial analysis

D. spatial analysis

Russia remains predominant in its region (and the world) due to all of the following EXCEPT its: A. oil and gas reserves. B. military. C. size and population. D. strong currency

D. strong currency

The climate that dominates in northwestern Europe is the: A. Mediterranean climate. B. North Atlantic climate. C. humid continental climate. D. temperate midlatitude climate.

D. temperate midlatitude climate.

A map is by definition an unbiased view of the world. True False

False

According to Dr. Applegate's lecture on Russia's economy and politics, Vladimir Putin represents a clear break from Russia's past leadership history in that he is not an absolute ruler. True False

False

Lines of latitude are also known as meridians. True False

False

Most of Middle/South America shares the same type of climate. True False

False

Most regions, as defined by geographers, have well-defined boundaries. True False

False

Rules and standards that apply to the countries of the European Union tend to influence people and businesses in those countries only. True False

False

Which projection is used mainly for marine navigation?

Mercator projection is often used for marine navigation -has straight meridians and parallels that intersect at right angles

Global Positioning system (GPS)

System that accurately determines the precise position of something on earth using 2 dozen satellites

Remote sensing

The aquisition of data about earth's surface from a satellite orbiting earth or from other long-distance methods

Scale of a map (presented in 3 ways)

The map scale is the relationship of a feature's size on a map to its actual size on Earth. Presented as: 1. ratio or fraction 2. written scale 3. graphic scale

Forests in Europe are intensively managed forests and now regenerating on abandoned farmland. True False

True

In a Robinson projection, the shapes of landmasses are slightly distorted. True False

True

Lines of longitude on a map run from pole to pole. True False

True

The Amazon River with its tributaries and basin account for 20 percent of Earth's flowing surface water. True False

True

The gap between rich and poor is much wider in Middle/South America than in North America. True False

True

The newest members of the European Union are former Communist countries with overall lower standards of living and higher unemployment rates than the countries of western Europe. True False

True

Meridian

an arc drawn between the north and south poles

Parallel

circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator at right angles to the meridians

Geographic Information System

computer system that captures, stores, queries, analyzes, and displays geographic data and is used to create maps

Permanently frozen soil is known as

permafrost

Longitude

the location of each meridian as identified on the earth's surface according to a numbering system

International Date Line

the meridian on the opposite side of the prime meridian is 180 degrees longitude

Latitude

the numbering system to indicate location of a parallel Equator = 0 deg. latitude North pole = 90 deg. north latitude South pole = 90 deg. south latitude

Mash ups

the practice of overlaying data from one source on top of one of the mapping services

Projection

the scientific method of transferring locations on earth's surface to a flat map

Mountains block Pacific rains from reaching the Caribbean side of Middle/South America. True False

true