GEOL LC? test 2
Which of the following would decrease soil erosion? CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY. Steepening a slope Adding terraces to a slope*** Vegetation planted parallel to the slope **** Removing all vegetation Vegetation planted perpendicular to the slope
Adding terraces to a slope Vegetation planted parallel to the slope
Which of the following would decrease the viscosity of magma? An increase in temperature ****** decrease in dissolved gasses decrease in the slope of the volcanic flank An increase in silica content decrease in water content
An increase in temperature would decrease the viscosity of magma
In order to cover such large expanses of seafloor, shield volcanoes erupt ________ lava. Basaltic**** Andesitic Rhyolitic Porphyritic
Basaltic lava erupts from shield volcanoes in order to cover such large expanses of seafloors
What type of material forms shield volcanoes? pyroclastic material basaltic lava **** andesitic lava rhyolitic lava
Basaltic lave forms shield volcanoes
You are watching TV with your friends and you see a documentary film showing fiery red streams of lava flowing gently down the slopes of a volcano. You correctly inform your friends that the lava is: granitic with high ferromagnesian content andesitic with low ferromagnesian content basaltic with high silica content basaltic with low silica content ****
Basaltic with low silica content ... would be a volcano with fiery red streams of lava on a gentle slow
Layers of sedimentary rock are also referred to as _____. beds strata bedding planes(not three dimensional) beds or strata*** all of the above
Beds or strata are also referred to as the layers of sedimentary rock
Which detrital sedimentary rock is made up of gravel-sized, angular fragments? breccia**** conglomerate limestone sandstone
Breccia ... detrital sedimentary rock is made up of gravel-sized angular fragments
Which of the following is a characteristic of a graded stream? CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY. V-shaped valley Rapids Well-developed floodplain**** Waterfalls Meanders****
Characteristics of a graded stream WELL DEVELOPED FLOODPLAINS MEANDERS
Volcanic island arcs result from what type of plate boundary? Convergent: Continental-Continental Convergent: Oceanic-Continental Convergent: Oceanic-Oceanic **** Divergent
Convergent oceanic-oceanic boundaries result in volcanic island arcs
Which type of sedimentary structure is characteristic of sand dunes? Mud cracks Cross-bedding*** Bedding plane Graded beds Ripple marks
Cross bedding is the type of sedimentary structure is a characteristic of sand dunes
Which list includes only detrital sedimentary rocks in order of increasing grain size? Sandstone, limestone, siltstone, mudstone Siltstone, sandstone, breccia, conglomerate*** Mudstone, siltstone, limestone, breccia Siltstone, mudstone, conglomerate, breccia
DETRIATAL sedimentary rocks in increasing grain size: siltstone, sandstone, breccia, conglomerate
What is the factor that allows us to differentiate between regional and contact metamorphism? Confining pressure Type of parent material Chemically active fluids Heat Differential stress***
DIFFERENTIAL STRESS allows us to differentiate between regional and contact metamorphism
Which of the following statements about soil formation is accurate? Thick, dark soils are often found on steep slopes. The primary source of organic material in soils is from animals. Dissimilar soils can develop from the same parent material. ***** Soil that has been weathered for a long time closely resembles the parent rock.
Dissimilar soils can develop from the same parent material
Match the plate boundary with the type of volcano that occurs. Divergent - shield volcano convergent - composite transform - no volcano
Divergent boundaries make shield volcanoes Convergent boundaries make composite volcanoes Transform boundaries have no volcanoes
Most magma on Earth is produced at ___ plate boundaries. continental-oceanic convergent transform divergent*** continental-continental convergent oceanic-oceanic convergent
Divergent plate boundaries produce most of earths magma
Evapotranspiration moves water from _______. the hydrosphere to the atmosphere the atmosphere to the biosphere the geosphere to the hydrosphere the hydrosphere to the biosphere the biosphere to the atmosphere***
During evaspotranspiration water moves from the BIOSPHERE TO THE ATMOSPHERE
Where does Earth's internal heat come from? radioactive decay energy from Earth's formation magma radioactive decay, energy from Earth's formation, and magma*** radioactivity and magma energy from Earth's formation and magma
Earth's internal heat comes form RADIOACTIVE DECAY, ENERGY FROM EARTH'S FORMATION, AND MAGMA
Which of the following sources is our largest reservoir of freshwater? glaciers*** streams groundwater oceans lakes
GLACIERS are the largest reservoirs of freshwater
Which list includes only minerals? Quartz, sugar, corundum, zirconium(element) Cubic zirconia (fake), coal(rock), feldspar, olivine Graphite, beryl, corundum, pyrite***
GRAPHITE, BERYL, CORUNDUM, PYRITE, feldspar, olivine, quartz, corundum are also minerals
How is groundwater flow primarily controlled? by gravity*** by the location of streams at the surface by the surrounding rocks through the water table
GRAVITY primarily controls the flow of groundwater
Geysers are more common in the western United States because ______. most aquifers in the West are confined aquifers the bedrock in the west is mostly limestone igneous activity has occurred more recently in the area*** there is more seismic activity in the West high altitudes in the West allow surface water to boil at a low temperature
Geysers are more common in the western US because IGNEOUS ACTIVITY HAS OCCURRED MORE RECENTLY IN THE AREA
In which depositional environment would breccia form? Glacial deposits*** Sand dunes Alluvial fan Playa lakes Deep marine
Glacial Deposits is the depositional environment that forms breccia
Which type of rock is most likely to form a ridge due to differential weathering? Granite *** Peridotite Basalt Marble Gabbro
Granite is most likely to form a ridge due to differential weathering
Which of the following would increase flow velocity? Lowering the water depth in the stream Having a narrow, deep channel*** Decreasing the gradient having many boulders in the bed of the channel having a small drainage basin
HAVING A NARROW, DEEP CHANNEL would increase the flow velocity
What agent is always required in all metamorphic processes on Earth? heat**** confining pressure fluids the ocean gas
HEAT is required in all metamorphic processes on Earth
What are the 3 main agents of metamorphism? Heat, pressure and chemically active fluids*** Pressure, chemically active fluids, and gas Stress, pressure and heat Pressure, heat and ions
HEAT, PRESSURE, AND CHEMICALLY ACTIVE FLUIDS are the 3 main agents of metamorphism
Relative to water, syrup has a _____ resistance to flow and therefore a _____ viscosity. lower; higher higher; lower lower; lower higher; higher ****
Higher, Higher Relative to water, syrup has a higher resistance to flow and therefore a higher viscosity
Which of the following minerals would break down most quickly in a chemical weathering process? hornblende*** potassium feldspar quartz basalt
Hornblende is the mineral that would break down most quickly in a chemical weathering process
More groundwater is used in the United States for this purpose than all other uses combined. What is it? showers and baths irrigation*** flushing toilets drinking water
IRRIGATION uses the most groundwater in the US.
Which list of igneous rock families is correctly ordered with increasing silica content? Peridotite, basalt/gabbro, andesite/diorite, rhyolite/granite*** Rhyolite/granite, basalt/gabbro, peridotite, andesite/diorite Rhyolite/granite, andesite/diorite, basalt/gabbro, peridotite
Increasing silica content Peridotite basalt/gabbro andesite/diorite rhyolite/granite
When pump to much water out of underwater thing? Land subsides, salt water seeps in
LAND SUBSIDES AND SALT WATER SEEPS IN when you pump to much water out of a well
What type of rock do caves most commonly form in? limestone** granite gneiss shale aquifer yield water aquitard contains water
LIMESTONE is most commonly found in caves
Compacted pieces of decaying plant material Which chemical sedimentary rock is the most abundant? shale (Not chemical sedimentary rock) limestone*** chert sandstone (Not chemical sedimentary rock) evaporite
Limestone is compacted pieces of decaying plant material
Shield volcanoes produce lava that is primarily _____ in composition. intermediate mafic **** (same as basltic) (thick/honey) felsic (same as granitic) (runny/corn syrup) granitic
Mafic Shield volcanoes produce lava that is primarily mafic in composition
What is an everyday example of mechanical weathering? CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY. car rusting Potholes forming in the street *** Paint colors fading Tree roots cracking a sidewalk **** log burning
Mechanical weathering: Potholes forming in the street tree roots cracking the sidewalk
Metamorphism can lead to changes in _____. mineralogy texture chemical composition mineralogy and texture only mineralogy, texture and chemical composition***
Metamorphism can lead to changes in MINERALOGY, TEXTURE, AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
Which list includes the most common elements in the crust in the correct order from most abundant to least abundant? Silicon, aluminum, oxygen, calcium, sodium, magnesium, sulfur, iron Oxygen, iron, calcium, aluminum, sulfur, magnesium, silicon, sodium Oxygen, silicon, aluminum, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, iron***
Most abundant --> least abundant Oxygen --> silicon --> aluminum --> calcium --> magnesium --> sodium --> potassium --> iron
What kind of stream behavior gives rise to floods? warm biological human-made natural***
NATURAL stream behavior give rise to floods
Which part of the stream system has the highest average flow velocity? its tributaries near the mouth of the stream*** near the head of the stream The velocity of flow is equal along a stream's length.
NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE STREAM is the highest flow of velocity
The soil horizon rich in organic matter is the ______. O horizon*** A horizon B horizon C horizon
O horizon has soil rich in organic matter
Where are most sediments and sedimentary rocks found? CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY. At mid-ocean ridges At the base of Earth's crust On the surface of continents*** In the mantle On the ocean floor***
On the surface of continents On the ocean floor
What is the main criterion for classifying detrital sedimentary rocks? environment of deposition particle size *** mineral content carbon content
Particle size is the main criterion for classifying detrital sedimentary rocks
Which list includes only silicate minerals? Quartz , calcite (not), pyroxene, amphibole, feldspar, mica Pyroxene, amphibole, talc, mica, feldspar, olivine**** Olivine, gypsum(sylfate), mica, feldspar, quartz, pyroxene Gypsum, fluorite (not), pyroxene, feldspar, quartz, amphibole
Pyroxene, amphibole, talc, mica, feldspar, olivine are silicate minerals
Climate is the least influential control on soil formation. Why do rainforest soils lack nutrients? Rainforest soils lack iron-oxide. Rainforest soils lack bacterial activity. Rainforest soils are heavily leached.*** Rainforest soils are the result of extreme mechanical weathering. Rainforest soils have high concentrations of calcium carbonate.
Rainforest soils are heavily leached
Which of the following processes is responsible for the greatest amount of soil erosion? mass wasting ice running water*** wind
Running water is responsible for the greatest amount of soil erosion
Which of the following has the highest permeability? Sand*** Granite Clay Basalt Sandstone
SAND has the highest permeability
Why do many people consider Mount Rainier the most dangerous volcano in the United States? (Composite volcano) It has a very thick mantle of snow and glacial ice on its flanks. People are living in valleys around Mount Rainier. Mount Rainier is capable of producing a violent volcanic eruption. People are living in valleys around Mount Rainier, and Mount Rainier is capable of producing a violent volcanic eruption. All of the above are reasons why many people consider Mount Rainier the most dangerous volcano in the United States. ***
The Mount Rainier volcano is considered the most dangerous volcano in the US because: -very thick mantle of snow and glacial ice on flanks -people living in Mt Rainier's valley -capable of producing a violent volcanic eruption (composite volcano)
Chemical sedimentary rocks form from ___. The carbon-rich remains of planktonic algae The precipitation of ions in solution*** Compacted ash from volcanoes The compaction of sediments
The precipitation of ions in solution .. form chemical sedimentary rocks
Which of the following regions would you expect to exhibit the highest rates of weathering? temperate, midlatitude regions tropical rainforest *** The North and South Poles dry and hot regions
Tropical rain forests have the highest rates of weathering
Which type of volcanic hazard can decrease global temperatures? Lahar Pyroclastic flow Volcanic ash*** Lava flow Tsunami
Volcanic ash can decrease global temperatures
Which well is correctly paired with the aquifer it draws water from? Water table well, unconfined**** Artesian well, unconfined Water table well, confined Island moving toward japan at 5 cm/year
WATER TABLE WELL draws water from an UNCONFINED aquifer
The most abundant gas found in magma is ______. chlorine water vapor **** nitrogen carbon dioxide
Water vapor The most abundant gas found in magma is water vapor.
Under what conditions is compaction most effective in the lithification process of sedimentary rocks? when the grains are the size of mud*** when the grains are the size of sand when the grains are the size of gravel in the crystallization process none of the above
When grains are the size of mud is when condition compaction is most effective in the lithification process of sedimentary rocks
The term used by geologists for all water flowing in a channel is _____. creek brook tributary river stream****
a STREAM is the term used by geologists for all water flowing in a channel
An artesian well must tap into ______. crystalline bedrock perched water table confined aquifer** basalt an aquitard
an artesian well must tap into a CONFINED AQUIFER
What composition of lava forms composite volcanoes? Basaltic lava Andesitic lava (high silica high volcano)**** Rhyolitic lava
andesitic lava ... is the composition of lava forms composite volcanoes (high silica high volcano)
Which of these rocks are chemical/biochemical? Select all that apply. Gypsum** Coal** Limestone** Chert** Mudstone Sandstone
chemical/biochemical: gypsum coal lime stone chert
Which of the following factors has the greatest influence on soil formation? climate**** plants and animals topography rock characteristics time
climate .. has the greatest influence on soil formation
The shape of the volcano depicted in this segment of 'The Lord of the Rings' (Mount Doom) suggests that it is a ___ volcano. shield composite/strato**** cinder cone
composite/strato The shape of the volcano depicted in this segment of 'The Lord of the Rings' (mount doom) suggest that it is a composite/strato volcano
Which of these islands are found at convergent plate boundaries? Select all that apply. Hawaii Japan** Indonesia*** Aleutians*** Philippines*** Iceland
convergent boundaries JAPAN, INDONESIA, ALEUTIANS, PHILIPPINES
Which of these lists correctly includes features found at convergent plate boundaries? Trench, volcanic arc, shallow to deep earthquakes*** Middle-ocean ridges, volcanic arc, shallow earthquakes Trench, flood basalts, deep earthquakes
convergent plate boundaries TRENCH VOLCANIC ARC SHALLOW TO DEEP EARTHQUAKES
Which of the following geologic regions creates volcanic arcs? (needs a subduction zone) hot spots convergent plate boundaries**** divergent plate boundaries transform plate boundaries
convergent plate boundaries create volcanic arcs
Which list of igneous rock families is correctly ordered with decreasing density? Peridotite, basalt/gabbro, andesite/diorite, rhyolite/granite(less silica is less dense)** Rhyolite/granite, basalt/gabbro, peridotite, andesite/diorite Rhyolite/granite, andesite/diorite, basalt/gabbro, peridotite
decreasing density PERIDOTITE BASALT/GABBRO ANDESITE/DIORITE RHYOLITE/GRANITE
For a meandering stream, the majority of erosion occurs _____. at the inside of a bend for a stream traveling south at the inside of a bend at the outside of a bend*** at the inside of a bend for a stream traveling north
for a meandering stream, the majority of erosion occurs AT THE OUTSIDE OF THE BEND
Which of the following statements explains how gas and viscosity lead to an explosive eruption? Gas easily escapes from the magma because of the high viscosity of the magma. Gas easily escapes from the magma because of the low viscosity of the magma. Gas is trapped in the magma because of the high viscosity of the magma.**** Gas is trapped in the magma because of the low viscosity of the magma
gas is trapped in the magma because of the high viscosity of the magma... which leads to explosive eruption
Which list of igneous rock families is correctly ordered with increasing temperature of crystallization? Peridotite, basalt/gabbro, andesite/diorite, rhyolite/granite Rhyolite/granite, basalt/gabbro, peridotite, andesite/diorite Rhyolite/granite, andesite/diorite, basalt/gabbro, peridotite***
increasing temperature of crystallization RHYOLITE/GRANITE ANDESITE/DIORITE BASALT/GABBRO PERIDOTITE
Which list of igneous rock families is correctly ordered with increasing viscosity? Peridotite, basalt/gabbro, andesite/diorite, rhyolite/granite*** Rhyolite/granite, basalt/gabbro, peridotite, andesite/diorite Rhyolite/granite, andesite/diorite, basalt/gabbro, peridotite
increasing viscosity PERIDOTITE BASALT/GABBRO ANDESITE/DIORITE RHYOLITE/GRANITE
Which list includes the internal arrangements of silicates in increasing order of complexity? Isolated tetrahedra, 3D structure, single chain, sheet, double chain Isolated tetrahedra, single chain, double chain, sheet, 3D structure*** 3D structure, sheet, single chain, double chain, isolated tetrahedra
isolated tetrhedra, single chain, double chain, sheet, 3d structure
It is always difficult to pump groundwater from _____. the zone of saturation the zone of bedrock the phreatic zone the vadose zone***
it is always difficult to pump groundwater from the VADOSE zone
Basaltic magmas have a _____ viscosity, whereas rhyolitic (more silica forms more chains bonded tetrahedra make it harder to flow) magmas have a _____ viscosity. low; high **** low; low high; high high; low
low, high Basaltic magmas have a low viscosity, whereas rhyolitic (more silica forms more chains bonded tetrahedra make it harder to flow) magmas have a high viscoity
What group of minerals completes this list? Native elements, oxides/hydroxides, sulphates, phosphates, carbonates, silicates, halides IDK***
native elements, sulfides, oxides/hydroxides, halides, carbonates, sulfates, silicates, and phosphates
Recall the material that is erupted from the volcano in 'The Lord of the Rings'. Does it match what you would expect from the shape and slope of the volcano? Yes, low-viscosity lava commonly forms steep-sided volcanoes No, low-viscosity lava forms gently sloping shield volcanoes **** Yes, high-viscosity lava forms steep-sided composite volcanoes
no, low-viscosity lava forms gently sloping shield volcanoes
match the rock with its depositional environment A. Shale 1. Lake B. Sandstone 2. Ocean beach C. Conglomerate 3. Glacier
shale - lake sandstone - ocean beach conglomerate - glacier
According to scientists and engineers, which of the following is the best type of flood control? Rerouting the stream to a straighter channel Building concrete levees in major cities Building earthen mounds to increase the bank size Constructing a park in a flood plain**** Building a flood-control dam
the best type of flood control is CONSTRUCTING A PARK IN A FLOOD PLAIN
