Global Health:

State of the World : Solutions

-increase the intake of vitamins and minerals -good nutrition practices- hygiene, sanitation, prevent and treat moderate SAM -education -food security and modern practices -conditional cash transfers: government will pay people to get involved in healthy lifestyles as an incentive

Under-nutrition?

-outcome of insufficient food intake & repeated infections -include underweight, stunted , wasted & micronutrient malnutrition -raises risk of illness & decreased intellectual ability in children -raises risk of pregnancy related death and delivering prematurely in women -increases risk of NCD's later in life

What is an Iodine deficiency associated with?

Goiter & failure to develop full intellectual functioning

What is the single most common cause of preventable brain damage and mental retardation?

Idoine -can cause miscarriages in mothers and stunting in children

Vitamin A

-deficiency associated with night blindness and eventually total irreversible blindness. -important for development of immune system -impairs chances of survival from diarrhea, malaria and pneumonia

What is the role of nutrition in HIV?

-food and safety security significantly alleviate the impact of HIV & AIDs -adherence to ART is influence by access to food and nutrition -people with HIV need 10-15% more energy and 5-100% more protein per day -little cooperative action seen between health agencies, authorities, and agriculture/food nutrition -1000 days- HIV and breastfeeding

What are the 6 most important diseases related to nutrition?

1.HIV 2.TB 3.Measles (top 3 r/t immune problems) 4.Diarrhea (leads to fever and malaborption) 5. Acute respiratory tract 6. parasites

What are the 4 actions to prevent iron deficiency?

1.fortify food with iron 2.increase access to iron rich foods 3.educate on dietary practices and know how to enhance absorption 4.disease prevention against parasitic worm problems, immunize to control of parasites infections and hook worm

What are the 3 critical stages in a persons life when they require Iron?

1.rapid physical and mental growth, childhood, adolescence 2.time of extra need, pregnancy, breastfeeding 3.time of physical need laborers

what percentage of babies in low and middle income countries are born with a low birth weight?

11% -about 3% of DALY's lost is associated with low birth weight

What was the Movie in class about?

2 cent vitamin A pills in Nepal restoring peoples eye sight in 48 hours. -people are selling all of the foods ritch in vitamin A for other things -started vitamin A campaign -infant mortality rate is being cut in half due to grass root vitamin A campaign and volunteer moms, -primary health care through simple methods are making a big difference

Undernutrition stats

26% of children under 5 are underweight -only about 0.5% of deaths in low to middle income countries are directly due to undernutrition -deaths are usually nutrition related (ex. lack of micronutrients in diarrhea and pneumonia) -

What does LBW increase the risk for in adulthood?

DM and CVD

What regions have the highest deficiencies in Zinc?

South Asia, Sub-Sahara, Africa, Middle East & North Africa

What is the name of the term used to describe night blindness caused by vitamin A deficiency?

Xerophthalamia

What is the second most important micro-nutrient responsible for death & DALYs in children under 5?

Zinc

What are the two most important nutrients in preventing childhood death?

Zinc and vitamin A

Where are stunting rates highest in?

africa and asia, has huge impact in on child birth in girls later on in life

When should a child be breast fed until?

best developed if breast fed for 6 months

What nutrient is essential for older adults?

calcium -need well balanced diet with protein, energy, and iron -

Which groups are affected the most by anemia and zinc deficiency?

children under 5 and prego woman

What is good thyroid function needed for?

early brain development

What are iron deficient pregnant woman at increased risk for?

giving birth to a premature or LBW baby or hemorrhaging & dying in child birth

What is a Zinc deficiency associated with?

growth, retardation, impaired immune function, skin disorder, hypogonadism & cognitive dysfunction.

What are woman who are iron deficient more at risk for?

hemorrhaging, and dying during childbirth

What is nutrition intimately linked to ?

illness

What are the immediate causes of malnutrition?

inadequate dietary intake: weakens the body and invites infections illness: makes it harder for people to eat, absorb the nutrients they take in, & raises the need for some nutrients * it is a cycle

What are the benefits of breastfeeding?

increases immunity, boding, low cost, immediate, studies have shown adults who are BF have lower incidence of DM, lower cholesterol and higher intelligences

What does an iron deficiency cause?

iron deficiency anemia --> fatigue, weakness

What foods are high in Zinc?

leafy greens, wheat germ, beef, animal food, choloate.

What is a Zinc deficiency a major risk factor?

morbidity & mortality from diarrhea, pneumonia, & malaria

What are the key nutritional problems in adolescent girls?

need protein and energy to grow, as well as iron, iodine, folic acid & calcium

what is the leading risk factor for loss of health in low and middle income countries?

nutrition poor nutrition impacts maternal health, affecting house hold incomes, children's health -affects children's ability to learn in school which impacts their future prospects -leads to lower productivity in adult workers(anemia) -improving nutrition in low/mid income countries can increase GDP -must address causes not just the symptoms

What type of infections can causes anemia?

parasite infections

How is nutritional status gauged?

plotting on growth chart

Malnutrition

refers to those who do not get proper the proper nutrition, too little , or not enough ect

underweight

refers to those who have low weight for their height or age

what can fetuses that do not get enough nutrients in the uterus suffer from?

sillbirth, mental impairment and birth defects

What country has the highest rate of malnourished woman?

south asia because of social aspects

What is a BMI over 40 classified as ?

stage 3 obesity

What are the essential nutrients a pregnant woman needs?

sufficient amount of protein , energy aswell as iron, iodine, folate, zinc and calcium

Overweight or obese

those who are nourished to the point of being to heavy for their age

undernourished

those who lack sufficient energy or nutrients

Which vitamins deficiencies are most associated with excess morbidity and mortality of children under 5 from measles , diarrhea, and pneumonia?

zinc and vitamin A