GOV ch 8

what statements about negative ads and negative campaigning is true?

-abe lincoln was the target of insulting comments about his appearance during election campaigns -negative campaigning was used as long as thomas jefferson ran for office

even a third party candidate fails to win an election, what have they succeeded in?

-encouraged the major parties to address issues introduced by the third party -drawn attention to an issue previously ignored by the two major canidates

Which two political parties were competitive during the first party system?

-federalists -democratic-republicans

what candidates lost big time because they diverged too from center?

-george mcgovern -barry goldwater

the rise of canidate-centered campaigns has

-increased the importance of money in political campaigns -made it easier fro political newcomers to win high office

What characteristics of political campaigns have undergone change?

-length of the campaign -amount of money required -focus of the campaign

what are the various functions of political consultants

-production of promotional materials -advising on how to run a successful campaign -gathering voter opinions

what are roles of national political parties

-raise money for presidential campaigns -to seek media coverage of party positions and activities -raise money for congressional campaigns

what is true about political contributions called hard money?

-subject to legal limits -can be spent as the recipient chooses -it is money given directly to a candidate

what statements describe how us campaigns are both party centered and candidate centered

-the same parties are represented nationwide -candidates organize their own campaigns

What is true of grassroots parties?

-they operate at the local level -they are open to all citizens

open primary

A primary election in which voters may choose in which party to vote as they enter the polling place

gender gap

Difference in political views between men and women

all party organizations have a responsibility to

build support among voters

what parties realigned during the civil war

democrat and republican

true or false: local party organizations are stronger today than they were in the days of political machines

false

true or false: since 1968 the republican party has been weaker at the national level than it was decades after the great depression

false

true or false: today's candidates are more likely than before to own nomination to the efforts of their party

false

what do todays political campaigns rely on to be successful

media producers, pollsters, campaign strategists

although state parties do not work full time, they are ___________ likely to have full-time employees than local parties

more

a _________ political system is made up of at least three political parties

multiparty

what states have closed primaries?

nevada, Delaware, Florida, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Pennsylvania, and Wyoming

local party organizations operate

only during campaign periods

the highlighting of candidates' attributes is called

packaging

what contributed to the decline of the old system of party organizations?

primary elections

what type of third party arises from a belief that partisan politics is a corrupting influences that needs to be changed

reform

the national, state, and local organizations of republicans and democratic parties are

relatively independent, each level does not have much control over the others

which party benefited from the 1896 realignment, which was triggered by an economic depression following a banking crisis under president cleveland

republican

parties formed to promote a stance on a particular issue

single-issue parties

what voting bloc was notable in its migration to the republican party during the 1980s?

southern whites

Who oversees the day-to-day operations of the political party's national organization?

the national chair

What are linkage institutions?

the political channels through which people's concerns become political issues on the policy agenda (connects citizens w goverment)

America's plurality, or winner-take-all, system of electing candidates works to the disadvantage of

third parties

how many major political parties are there in the united states today?

two

what groups are most likely part of the democratic coalition

union members, 18-29 yr olds, african americans

the main opposition to the democratic party in the 1830s and 1840s was the ______ party, which eventually died out.

whig