HIS102 Western Civ. Final

The "stab in the back" refers to

the belief that German forces were defeated by treachery at home rather than on the battlefield during World War I.

These two "pariah" nations did NOT participate in the decision-making at the Paris Peace Conference.

Russia and Germany

Which of the following was NOT true of the Munich Pact (1938)?

Russia intervened on behalf of the Czechs, forcing Hitler to "stand down", at least temporarily.

Hitler invaded Poland in Sept 1939 and this resulted in

a declaration of war on Germany by Britain and France.

The German Schlieffen Plan called for

a quick and decisive victory against France by invading thru Belgium

In the aftermath of the Reichstag fire (1933)

a state of emergency was declared in Germany, the Reichstag granted Hitler the power to rule by decree.

British prime minister Neville Chamberlain was a strong supporter of the policy of _______, which called for giving in the Hitler's "reasonable" demands in order to avoid war.

appeasement

Germany conquered France (1940) in the space of six weeks and this can largely be attributed to

better German strategy and tactics.

The Weimar Republic

was accused by many for selling out Germany's interests by signing the Treaty of Versailles, was riven with strife from both Communist and Nazi radicals, suffered severe economic depressions in 1923 and 1929, all of the above

Which of the following weapons played a major role in World War I?

submarines, machine guns, artillery, all of the above

As a direct result of World War I

the German Empire was swept away, the Austro-Hungarian Empire was swept away, the Russian Empire was swept away, all of the above.

After the Paris Peace Conference, Austria-Hungary

was divided up into five new, or newly enlarged, nations.

Hitler first attained political power

when he was appointed chancellor of Germany in 1933

Hitler purged the leadership of his SA (stormtroopers or Brownshirts) and this resulted in

the German army giving its support to Hitler.

Britain joined the war on the Allied side mainly because of

the German attack on Belgium.

Hitler was profoundly distressed by and decided to "go into politics" after the

the German defeat in World War I

The German "Schlieffen Plan" offensive was finally halted in 1914 at the Battle of

the Marne.

In 1936, German armed forces re-occupied _________, which had been declared a demilitarized zone by the Treaty of Versailles.

the Rhineland

Under Lenin and Stalin

the secret police (CHEKA/NKVD) were used to round up "enemies of the people.", the GULAG concentration camps held many political prisoners, state-controlled mass terror became commonplace, all of the above.

The "Miracle" at Dunkirk (1940) refers to

the successful evacuation of more than 300,000 Allied soldiers.

The German Zimmerman Telegram

tried to get Mexico to declare war on the U.S, was the "final straw" which resulted in a U.S. declaration of war on Germany.

The so-called "Phony War" (Oct 1939-Apr 1940)

was a period of relatively little fighting in Western Europe, saw some fairly serious fighting at sea, with the British losing the battleship Royal Oak and aircraft carrier Courageous, while the Germans lost the battleship Graf Spee.

Mikhail Tukhachevsky

was a theorist for armored warfare who was killed during Stalin's purge of the Red Army.

Lenin lead a group of radical communist revolutionaries known as

Bolsheviks

The "Big Three" nations at the Paris Peace Conference were

Britain, America and France

The Stalinist program for consolidating the small farms of Russia into large, state-run farms was known as

Collectivization.

The Russian monarchy was destabilized and lost popular support because

Czar Nicholas II was weak and indecisive ruler, the monarchy was seen as corrupted by the influence of the "holy man" Rasputin, repeated defeats in World War I had demoralized the Russian population, all of the above.

The Winter War (1939-40) saw Soviet Russia invade ________ in order to seize some of its territory by force.

Finland

The German industrial heartland (the Ruhr) was occupied by ______ in 1923, further adding to the economic devastation in postwar Germany.

France

The largest naval battle of World War I was fought between the British and Germans at

Jutland.

The Treaty of Rapallo (1922) brought these two "pariah" nations closer together.

Germany and Russia

Which of the following was NOT true of the Treaty of Versailles?

Germany kept Alsace-Lorraine but had to give up the Saarland

Which of the following was NOT one of President Wilson's Fourteen Points?

Germany must be forced to make large reparations payments to the victim nations.

"Lebensraum" was a concept in which Hitler called for

Germany to acquire, by conquest if necessary, "living space" in Eastern Europe.

Which of the following was NOT true of Adolf Hitler's early years?

He followed in his father's footsteps and became at civil servant when he was 20.

During the "Hossbach Conference" (1937)

Hitler secretly announced to his generals his plans for conquest in Eastern Europe.

Which of the following is NOT true of Blitzkrieg?

It mainly relies on large numbers of fixed fortifications (bunkers, pillboxes, minefields, etc.) to hold off enemy attackers.

Which of the following is NOT true of the German "Kaiserschlacht" Spring Offensive of 1918?

It resulted in the German capture of Paris.

Which of the following was NOT true of Hitler's "Beer Hall Putsch"?

It resulted in the Nazi seizure of Bavaria.

During the 1930s, the French spent billions to build the ____________, a line of fixed fortifications that extended the length of the Franco-German border.

Maginot Line

While in prison, Hitler wrote a book, his "political testament" called

Mein Kampf

The National Socialist German Workers Party is better known as the

Nazis

The Phony War came to an end in April 1940 with the German invasion of _______ by a combined sea and air attack.

Norway

The former war hero was the president of Germany from the mid-1920s until his death in 1934.

Paul von Hindenburg.

At the Paris Peace Conference, the nation of ______ was reborn from lands it had previously lost to Prussia/Germany and Russia.

Poland

The "stab in the back" myth stated that

The German army had not truly lost the war, but had been sold out by traitors at home.

This nation NEVER joined the League of Nations.

The U.S

Which of the following is NOT a reason why the Western Front devolved into a stalemate for most of the war?

The mobility of tanks and other armored vehicles

Marxism-Leninism

called for the proletarians and peasants to join forces, called for dedicated political revolutionaries to lead the revolt.

During 1915

chemical warfare was introduced at the Second Battle of Ypres, The Allies landed strong forces at Gallipoli in Turkey, Italy joined the war on the Allied Side, all of the above.

Generally speaking, the Western Allies' (Britain and France) mindset regarding military operations prior to the German attack westward (1940) can be characterized as

defensive

The Nazi-Soviet Pact (1939)

divided Poland between Hitler and Stalin, carved out spheres of influence in Europe between Hitler and Stalin, was the beginning of almost two years of cooperation between the Russians and Germans, all of the above are correct.

The Red Army's poor performance in the Winter War (1939-40)

enraged and embarrassed Stalin, help to convince Hitler that Russia would be an easy target for future invasion, was at least partly due to Stalin's "purges" of the Red Army officer corps in the late 1930s, all of the above.

Stalin's "Five Year Plans" were intended to increase

industrial production.

"Total War" involves

mass armies, industrialized societies, full participation of the people and the government, all of the above.

The sinking of the Lusitania by a German U-Boat

outraged Americans and later resulted in Germany (temporarily) halting its unrestricted U-Boat campaign.

Hitler openly announced the re-armament of Germany (1935), in violation of the Treaty of Versailles, and the Western Allies responded by

protesting, but nothing more.

The Russian Civil War

resulted in a victory for the communist "Reds".

The 1916 battles of the Somme and Verdun

resulted in about one million total casualties for each battle

The February Revolution (1917)

saw the downfall of Czar Nicholas II