Kenisiology Final Exam Practice Test
Injury to this nerve is a common cause of scapular wing
Long thoracic nerve
This measurement is typically 15 degrees for males and 20 degrees for females
Q angle
The primary movers in cervical spine extension (against resistance) are the: a) erector spinae b) sternocleidomastoid c) scalenus d) semispinalis cervicis
a) erector spinae
Which of the following groups of muscle act primarily to stabilize the pelvis in walking? a) gluteus medius and minimus, quadratus lumborum b) gluteus maximus, rectus abdominous c) tensor fascia latae, pectineus d) iliopsoas, gracilis
a) gluteus medius and minimus, quadratus lumborum
The radioulnar joint is a _____ joint. a) pivot b) hinge c) gliding d) condyloid
a) pivot
In a tennis stroke, stroke string forearm pronation is used to give top spin to the ball. Which are the prime movers for this? a) pronator teres, pronator quadratus b) pronator teres, pronator quadratus, biceps brachii c) pronator teres, pronator quadratus, biceps brachii, brachialis d) pronator teres, pronator quadratus, brachialis
a) pronator teres, pronator quadratus
Which of the following is true for fast twitch muscle fibers? a) respond rapidly but fatigue easily b) respond rapidly and fatigue slowly are primary postural fibers d) respond slowly and are efficient
a) respond rapidly but fatigue easily
What is the primary action of the anterior deltoid? a) shoulder flexion b) shoulder abduction c) shoulder extension d) shoulder adduction
a) shoulder flexion
What type of muscle tissue is skeletal muscle? a) striated b) smooth c) cardiac d) autonomic
a) striated
Which structures provide rotary stability in the knee? a) the cruciate ligaments b) the collateral ligaments c) the menisci d) the joint capsule
a) the cruciate ligaments
The epiphyseal plate is: a) the growth areas of long bones b) the flat bone of the skull c) the articular surface of a bone d) the growth of a flat bone
a) the growth areas of long bones
How is the glenoid fossa reoriented to increase range of motion? a) through action of the scapula b) through action of the humerus c) through action of the clavicle d) through action of the trunk
a) through action of the scapula
What are the prime movers in shoulder flexion against gravity? a) upper pectoralis major, anterior deltoid b) upper pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, anterior deltoid, posterior deltoid c) lattisimus dorsi, posterior deltoid d) posterior deltoid, lower pectoralis major
a) upper pectoralis major, anterior deltoid
This medial thigh muscle shares dual innervation between the tibial nerve and the obturator nerve
adductor magnus
This is the origin of the rectus femoris
anterior inferior iliac spine
Rotation of the head occurs mostly at this joint
atlantoaxial joint
In order to do a handstand, what must be the motion of the scapula? a) elevation, downward rotation, upward tilt b) elevation, upward rotation c) depression, downward rotation d) depression, upward rotation, upward tilt
b) elevation, upward rotation
Extreme ____ of the spine would be prevented in part by the spinous process. a) abduction b) extension c) flexion d) lateral flexion
b) extension
The pectoralis major is an example of a _____ muscle. a) furiform b) fan shaped c) penniform d) quadrate
b) fan shaped
What are the three major articulations of the shoulder? a) glenohumeral, coraco-humeral, acromioclavicular b) glenohumeral, coracoclavicular, acromioclavicular c) coracoclavicular, acromioclavicular, thoracoscapular d)coracoclavicular, glenohumeral, thoracoscapular
b) glenohumeral, coracoclavicular, acromioclavicular
Which muscles act to abduct the leg at the hips in performing a jumping jack exercise? a) adductor longus, gluteus minimis b) gluteus medius, gluteus minimis c) adductor longus, gluteus medius, rectus femoris d) glutes minimis, rectus femoris, biceps femoris
b) gluteus medius, gluteus minimis
Ligaments act to: a) join muscle to bone b) join bone to bone c) cover the articular surface of the bone d) provide articular lubrication
b) join bone to bone
What is the ligament that runs from the acetabulum of the pelvis to the fovea of the femur? a) iliofemoral ligament b) ligamentum teres c) pubofemoral ligament d) collateral ligament
b) ligamentum teres
The ulna is on the ___ side of the hand. a) thumbs side b) little finger c) both, depending on rotation d) neither
b) little finger
The ____ vertebrae serves as a link between the pelvic girdle and thoracic spinous process. a) cervical b) lumbar c) sacral d) thoracic
b) lumbar
Which muscle supports the arm in a position of 90 degrees of abduction? a) anterior deltoid b) middle deltoid c) posterior deltoid d) pectoralis major
b) middle deltoid
Adduction refers to: a) movement away from the midline of the body b) movement towards the midline of the body c) movement in two planes d) reduction of joint angle
b) movement towards the midline of the body
What will be the prime mover(s) at the shoulder in the propulsion phase of a wheelchair stroke? a) pectoralis minor, latissimus dorsi b) pectoralis major, anterior deltoid c) pectoralis minor, pectoralis major, anterior deltoid d) pectoralis minor, pectoralis major, anterior deltoid, latissimus dorsi
b) pectoralis major, anterior deltoid
Which of the following is the function of the muscle spindle? a) receiving impulses from joint actions b) receiving stimuli from increased muscle strength c) transmitting impulses to motor unit d) transmitting sensations to the cerebral cortex
b) receiving stimuli from increased muscle strength
What are two mechanisms the body uses to regulate the strength of muscle contractions ? a) use more muscle and a greater force b) recruit more motor units and increase firing rate c) recruit more motor units and contract harder d) increase firing rate and strength of fiber
b) recruit more motor units and increase firing rate
Which plane divides the body into right and left halves? a) frontal b) sagittal c) horizontal d) cardinal
b) sagittal
In which of the following actions does the latissimus dorsi act as a prime mover? a) shoulder flexion b) shoulder extension c) shoulder abduction d) outward rotation of shoulder
b) shoulder extension
What is a motor unit? a) myoneural junction b) single motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it innervates c) a structured neuromotor sensory feedback unit d) functional afferent nerve trunk and all of its receptors
b) single motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it innervates
Which of the following illustrates concentric muscle contraction? a) bending forward to touch fingers to floor b) stepping on a bench c) holding a tennis racquet in ready postion d) standing at attention
b) stepping on a bench
Which muscles enable the thumb to form a pinch type grasp with each of the four digits? a) the lumbricales manus b) the opponens digiti and pollicus c) the flexor digiti and pollicus d) the extensor digiti and pollicus
b) the opponens digiti and pollicus
Where is the cell body of a motor neuron located? a) motor unit b) ventral horn of spinal cord c) dorsal root ganglion d) pre-ganglion
b) ventral horn of spinal cord
This hamstring muscle externally rotates a flexed knee due its lateral insertion
biceps femoris
This muscle can both pronate and supinate the radioulnar joint, depending on which postion it is in
brachioradialis
Which of the following illustrates motion in the frontal plane and around the AP axis? a) an overhand throw b) a bowling delivery c) jumping jack exercises d) a discus throw
c) jumping jack exercises
When one is knock-kneed, where is there increased tensile stress? a) anteriorly b) laterally c) medially d) posteriorly
c) medially
What is the primary reason why there is greater range of motion possible in the upper extremities than in the lower? a) larger articular surface b) fewer restraining ligaments c) more freely movable girdle d) more bony articulation
c) more freely movable girdle
Which of the following is deviation of the hand at the wrist toward the thumb side of the hand? a) flexion b) ulnar deviation c) radial devitation d) palmar flexion
c) radial devitation
What is the phenomenon which causes the tension in antagonistic muscles to be less during movement? a) neutralization b) proprioceptive inhibition c) reciprocal innervation d) stretch reflex
c) reciprocal innervation
What is the position of the pelvis in walking when the left leg is at the end of the swing phase and the right leg is pushing off? a) rotated left and tilted right b) rotated left and tilted left c) rotated right and tilted left d) rotated right and tilted right
c) rotated right and tilted left
What are actin and myosin? a) bands in the sarcomere b) tissue related to the myrofibrils c) sliding myofilaments d) substances critical to binding of the sarcolemma and endomysium
c) sliding myofilaments
In which of the following motions would the gluteus maximus most likely be active? a) erect standing b) walking c) stair climbing d) kicking
c) stair climbing
How does a muscle always contract? a) towards the proximal attachment b) towards the distal attachment c) towards its center d) toward the joint
c) towards its center
What muscles are responsible for adduction of the scapula in archery? a) teres major, trapezius III, rhomboids, levator scapulae' b) teres major, trapezius III, levator scapulae c) trapezius III, rhomboids d) rhomboids, levator scapulae
c) trapezius III, rhomboids
Which of the following is the prime mover in elbow extension during the up phase of the pushup? a) biceps brachii b) pectoralis major c) triceps brachii d) brachialis
c) triceps brachii
Which bone of the forearm forms a major part of the elbow joint? a) radius b) fibula c) ulna d) carpal
c) ulna
This branch of the sciatic nerve innervates the short head of the biceps femoris
common fibular (peroneal nerve)
Excessive kyphosis of the thoracic spine can lead to this type of fracture
compression fracture
These are the two origins of the biceps brachii
coracoid process and the supraglenoid tubercle
This anterior forearm muscle has dual-innervation from both the median and ulnar nerves
flexor digitorum profundus
scoliosis is a curve of the spine in this plane
frontal plane
This plantar flexor is also a knee flexor
gastrocnemius
The type of joint found in the knee
hinge joint
Weak abdominals may be compensated for by these muscles in a sit up
hip flexors
These rotator cuff muscles are the prime movers in glenohumeral external rotation
infraspinatus and teres minor
This large back muscle inserts at the intertubercular groove of the humerus
latissimus dorsi
This is the normal curve of the lumbar spine
lordosis
This bony landmark serves as the insertion of the serratus anterior
medial border of the scapula
This branch of the brachial plexus innercates the biceps brachii, brachialis, and coracobrachialis
musculocutaneous nerve
This muscle only abducts the shoulder joint when it is above 90 degrees of abduction
pectoralis major
In performing a deep squat the prime movers at the knee are: a) rectus femoris, biceps femoris, vastus lateralis b) biceps femoris, semimembranosus c) rectus femoris, vastus medialis, semimembranosus d) rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis
d) rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis
Which of the following muscles contract concentrically to cause cervical flexion, left cervical rotation, and right cervical lateral flexion? a) left sternocleidomastoid b) right splenius cervicis c) right splenius capitis d) right stencleidomastoid
d) right stencleidomastoid
Which of the following exercises would use the lower (sternal) portion of the pectoralis major? a) bench press b) biceps curls c) pushups d) rowing
d) rowing
Which motion is produced by concentric contraction of the serratus anterior? a) upper arm b) lower arm c) clavicle d) scapula
d) scapula
Which of the following is not a factor in range of motion? a) joint structure b) muscle bulk c) ligamentous structures d) segment length
d) segment length
Which of the following does not attach to the patella? a) rectus femorus b) vastus medialis c) vastus lateralis d) semimembranosus
d) semimembranosus
From medial to lateral the erector spinae muscles are the____. a) iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis b) longissimus, semispinalis, iliocostalis c) semispinalis, spinalis, longissimus d) spinalis, longissimus, iliocostalis
d) spinalis, longissimus, iliocostalis
Which of the following is the angle of inclination of the femur? a) angle of the femur with the vertical b) the angle between the pelvis and the femur c) the angle between the femur and the tibia d) the angle between the head/neck of the femur and the shaft of the femur
d) the angle between the head/neck of the femur and the shaft of the femur
This frequently overdevelped glenohumeral muscle can be stretched by placing the shoulder in external rotation
pectorallis major
The lateral compartment muscle inserts at the undersurface of the medial cuneiform and the first metatarsal
peroneus longus
This hand/forearm position decreases the effectivness of the biceps brachii during when producing elbow flexion against resistance
pronation
This is the only biarticular quadricep muscle
rectus femoris
This shoulder girdle muscle works in downward rotation by drawing the scapula toward the spine
rhomboid
This muscle's origin and insertion result in flexion at both the hip and the knee
sartorius
These three muscles share a common insertion at the pes anserinus
sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus
A rare type of joint, found only at the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb
sellar (saddle) joint
These muscles make up the hamstring
semimembranosus, semitendinosus, and biceps femoris
This shoulder girdle muscle produces both prontation and upward rotation
serratus anterior
Inversion and eversion take place at this joint
subtalar joint
This is the most superior of the rotator cuff muscles
supraspinatus
Another name for a diarthrodial joint
synovial joint
This anterolateral hip muscle inserts at Gerdy's tubercle on the tibia via the IT band
tensor fascia latae
The posterior compartment muscles of the lower leg are innervated by this sciatic branch
tibial nerve
The type of joint found between C1 and C2 in the spine
trochoid (pivot) joint
This is the most commonly injured elbow ligament when throwing
ulnar collateral ligament
Stretching of the triceps brachii is best achieved in these joint positions
flexion of the elbow and shoulder
This muscle is capable of flexing the lesser four toes
flexor digitorum longus
This large muscle has origination from the base of the skull to the T12 vertebrae
Trapezius
Which muscles of the hips would be most important for you if you were a horseback rider? a) adductor longus and adductor magnus b) adductor magnus and rectus femoris c) rectus femoris and biceps d) adductor longus and rectus femoris
a) adductor longus and adductor magnus
What type of neurons conduct impulses from the stimulus toward the spinal cord? a) afferent b) efferent c) ganglia d) spinal nerves
a) afferent
Why is the knee classified as a modified hinge joint? a) because of the action of the femur on the tibia b) because of the structure of the menisci c) because of the action of the gliding motion of the patella on the femur d) because of the action of the rotation of the fibula
a) because of the action of the femur on the tibia
Which of the following illustrates primarilty eccentric muscle contraction? a) bending forward to touch fingers to floor b) stepping on a bench c) holding a tennis racquet in ready postion d) standing at attention
a) bending forward to touch fingers to floor
Which of the following muscles attaches to the styloid process of the radius ? a) brachioradialis b) biceps brachii c) brahialis d) triceps brachii
a) brachioradialis
What is the joint action in the shoulder girdle and glenohumeral joint in the pull phase of the front crawl stroke? a) downward rotation and abduction of the scapula-- extension and inward rotation of humerus b) downward rotation of scapula-- extension and abduction of humerus c) upward rotation and abduction of scapula-- flexion and adduction of humerus d) upward rotation of scapula-- extension and inward roation of humerus
a) downward rotation and abduction of the scapula-- extension and inward rotation of humerus
The upper trapezius produces ____ of the scapula. a) elevation b) depression c) abduction d) downward rotation
a) elevation
Which of the following motions are produced by the tibialis anterior? a) ankle plantar flexion, inversion of foot b) ankle dorsiflexion, inversion of foot c) ankle plantar flexion, eversion of foot d) ankle dorsiflexion, eversion of foot
b) ankle dorsiflexion, inversion of foot
A ligament that forms a ring within which the radial head rotates is called the ______ ligament. a) volar b) annular c) ulnar d) collateral
b) annular
Which of the following movements occurs in a horizontal plane around a vertical axis? a) arm action in golf drive resulting in no spin ball b) arm action in tennis forehand resulting in no spin c) leg action in football, no spin d) leg action in walking
b) arm action in tennis forehand resulting in no spin
Which are the active muscles at the elbow during the down phase of the pull-up? a) triceps brachii, anconeus b) biceps brachii, brachialis, brachoradialis c) triceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis d) anconeus, brachialis, brachioradialis
b) biceps brachii, brachialis, brachoradialis
Which are the prime movers at the hip in performing a deep squat? a) rectus femoris, biceps femoris, vastus lateralis b) biceps femoris, semimebranosus, semitendeinosus c) rectus femoris, vastus medialis, semimembranonsus d) rectus femoris, vasts lateralis, semitendinosus
b) biceps femoris, semimebranosus, semitendeinosus
What muscle action is involved in the movement of the knee joints in the power phase of the standing long jump? a) concentric contraction of the hamstrings b) concentric contraction of the quadriceps femoris c) eccentric contraction of the hamstrings d) eccentric contraction of the quadriceps femoris
b) concentric contraction of the quadriceps femoris
What types of joint is the articulation between the carpals and the radius (the radiocarpal joint)? a) gliding b) condyloid c) pivot d) hinge
b) condyloid
An example of a hinge joint would be the ___. a) wrist b) elbow c) hips d) acromioclavicular
b) elbow
In which of the following actions will the biceps brachii be most active? a) a pull-up with the forearm pronated b) a pushup c) a pull-up with the arms supinated d) a bench press
c) a pull-up with the arms supinated
Which of the following best describes the phenomenon of reciprocal inhibition? a) agonist contracts, neutralizers contract b) agonist contracts, antagonist contracts c) agonist contracts without opposition from antagonist d) agonist contracts, synergist contracts
c) agonist contracts without opposition from antagonist
The rectus femoris is an example of a _____ muscle. a) fusiform b) fan shaped c) bipenniform d) quadrate
c) bipenniform
Where does a gymnast initiate the contraction of the many muscles involved in performing a roll? a) cerebellum b) pons c) cerebral cortex d) occipital lobe
c) cerebral cortex
Which of the following joint types is biaxial? a) ball and socket b) hinge c) condyloid d) gliding
c) condyloid
Which is an example of typical crossed-extensor response? a) unweighting of one foot in response to pressure on the other b) contraction of the extensor muscle in reponse to deep pressure on the foot c) contraction of the extensor muscles of one leg in respinse to unweighting of the opposite foot d)reflex extension of the arm when the leg extends
c) contraction of the extensor muscles of one leg in respinse to unweighting of the opposite foot
What is the muscle action in the hips in the preparatory phase of the standing long jump? a) concentric contraction of the hamstrings b) concentric contraction of the rectus femoris and iliopsoas c) eccentric contraction of the hamstrings d) eccentric contraction of the rectus femoris and iliopsoas
c) eccentric contraction of the hamstrings
Which muscle contracts in pronation to counteract the supination action of the tibilalis anterior and the extensor hallicus longus? a) tibilalis posterior b) flexor halicus longus c) extensor digitorum longus d) flexor digitorum longus
c) extensor digitorum longus
A reduction in joint angle is termed: a) abduction b) adduction c) flexion d) extension
c) flexion
Which of the following muscles would contribute most of your grip in raquetball? a) flexor digitorum superficialis, extensor digitorum b) extensor digitorum, flexor pollicis longus c) flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor pollicis longus d) extensor digitorum, extensor pollicis longus
c) flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor pollicis longus
Which type of joint is the tibiofemoral joint? a) gliding b) condyloid c) hinge d) pivot
c) hinge
During which action of the shoulder is the teres major most active? a) flexion b) extension c) hyperextension d) abduction
c) hyperextension
What type of muscle contraction is it when contraction velocity remains constant? a) isometric contraction b) isotonic contraction c) isokinetic contraction d) eccentric contraction
c) isokinetic contraction
Which of the following does not flex the forearm at the elbow? a) biceps brachii b) brachilalis c) brachioradialis d) coracobrachialis
d) coracobrachialis
During a forehand drive in tennis which muscles are primarily responsible for maintaining a "stiff wrist" when contacting the ball? a) extensor carpi ulnatis and extensor carpi radialis b) extensor carpi radialis and flexor carpi radialis c) flexor carpi ulnaris and extensor carpi ulnaris d) flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor carpi radialis
d) flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor carpi radialis
Which muscles are most responsible for lifting the body weight through ankle plantar flexion? a) gastrocnemius, soleus b) gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris c) gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris, peroneus d) gastrocnemius, soleus, peroneus
d) gastrocnemius, soleus, peroneus
Which are the three bones of the pelvis? a) iliopsoas, ischium, pubis b) cervical, lumber, thoracic c) ilium, ischium, coccyx d) ilium, ischium, pubis
d) ilium, ischium, pubis
Which of the following is not an important factor in determining muscle function? a) insertion (attachment) landmarks b) joint that muscle crosses c) muscle line of pull d) muscle cross section
d) muscle cross section
Which category best represents the receptors that receive and transmit impulses from muscles, joints, and tendons? a) exteroceptors b) interoceptors c) visceroceptors d) proprioceptors
d) proprioceptors
A shoulder press exercise would require these motions at the shoulder girdle
elevation and upward rotation
Another name for a ball and socket joint
enarthrodial joint
This muscle is able to extend the thumb at the carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints, but not the thumb's interphalangeal joint
extensor pollicis brevis
The primary action of the anterior deltoid
flexion