Kin 1600 Test 2 (Ari Fisher)

water treatment plant

A Facility That Cleans The Water In Order To Make It Safe For Humans To Drink. --Primary (screening to remove big objects); --Secondary (disinfection- removes dissolved organic matter); --Tertiary (Removes 99% of sediment and organisms to make people sick)

Asthma

A chronic allergic disorder characterized by episodes of severe breathing difficulty, coughing, and wheezing. lungs swollen (caused by allergy, tobacco, pollution, pathogens, obesity, stress)

Diabetes

A condition in which the body is unable to produce enough insulin, the hormone required for the metabolism of sugar (insulin production compromised)

Malaria

A disease caused by mosquitoes implanting parasites in the blood. -mosquitoes, there are four different strains which make people sick; live and attack the liver, chills, dangerous temperature, nausea, vomiting, convulsions, coma, can spread to blood vessels of brain and swell, pulmonary edema, organ failure

Insulin

A hormone produced by the pancreas or taken as a medication by many diabetics. used to manage glucose in blood; more glucose (when eating) triggers insulin from pancreas which helps cells take glucose and turn it into energy or storage; when this does not happen then too much glucose is exposed and can stress kidney, blood vessels, eyes, heart and nerves

diffusion of responsibility

A phenomenon in which a person is less likely to take responsibility to act when others are around.​​

Emphysema

A serious disease that destroys lung tissue and causes breathing difficulties. when air sacs 'alveoli' in lungs become stiff or stop working at all (shortness; gasping)- might use oxygen tank

Groupthink

A situation in which group members seek unanimous agreement despite their individual doubts. A phenomenon where the desire for consensus overrides people's common sense to present alternatives.​

Stroke

A sudden attack of weakness or paralysis that occurs when blood flow to an area of the brain is interrupted, causing tissue in brain to die

epidemic

A widespread outbreak of an infectious disease, illness present at higher rates than normal

Stages of Addiction (5 stages)

A-Experimentation- introduction to behavior including more consistent desire to engage B-Regular use- engagement in everyday life C-Risky use- consistent use which causes noticeable behavior change (usually negative personality problems) D-Dependence- Body and mind must have it to function normally (physically and emotionally) E-Addiction- Out of control; unable to stop; must alter behaviors to fix it; knows it is harmful; ruins parts of life

Lymphocytes Aftermath (take away)

After illness is finished- person usually develop an 'immunity' to the specific pathogen because some of the T & B cells double as Memory T-cells and Memory B-cells- 'learn' the pathogen and remain in the bloodstream after the illness so if the same pathogen attacks the body in the future, the body can respond faster and more effectively.

Most used drug (legal or illegal) since the beginning of time

Alcohol

Ambiguity

An event or situation that may be interpreted in more than one way. Sometimes we are just unsure of what is actually happening​

Pathogen

An organism that causes disease, Anything (germ) that can produce illness/disease (different categories) -cause of illness can be multiple factors.

Vector (Transmission)

Animal, person, microorganism, or insect that transmits disease (DOES NOT CAUSE IT/JUST CARRIES IT) -*Most vectors are insects (mosquitoes most common, fleas, ticks); make humans & animals sick; two categories

Renewable sources

Any natural resource that can replenish itself in a relatively short period of time, usually no longer than the length of a human life. (air, water, solar)

Two categories of vectors

Arthropods and zoonotic

lung illness

Asthma Chronic bronchitis Emphysema COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)

Physical aspect addiction

Body functions (sleep, awake, relieve pain, etc) *Includes tolerance/withdrawal symptoms

Should know (Life saving manevers)

CPR (breathing and heartbeat) and Heimlich Maneuver (choking)

Body Therapy

Chiropractic, yoga, acupuncture, Reiki, Tai Chi

pulmonary circulation

Circulation of blood between the heart and the lungs, lungs, pumping blood to and from (right side of heart). *oxygen-poor blood to lungs and oxygen-rich blood to heart

chiropractic

Daniel David Palmer's theory that anything that is wrong with a person is due to a "misplaced spinal bone." They do a lot of manipulative therapy like massaging, pushing on back, stretching, etc. The issue is that there is no science behind this. The idea is that back misalignment keeps "positive nerve energy" from traveling. Based on a theory, with no measurable base. In most states, insurance will cover this. They cannot prescribe drugs but they will give you lists of vitamins an d supplements to buy (can get expensive). In addition, you need more than one session, which is costly, as the person needs x-rays, etc. before they realign the back.

The three D's

Direct​​ - Directly intervene, in the moment, to prevent a problem or situation from happening. ​ Delegate​​ - Seek help from someone else, including​ police or campus officials.​ Distract ​​- Interrupt the situation without directly confronting​ the individuals involved. ​

London Smog

During the winter it was exceptionally cold in 1952. The people of London burned extra coal to heat their homes. The exhaust from the coal along with the exhaust from the factories combined with the fog to form a deadly haze over the city. (Coal based, black)

Heart health Tests

Electrocardiogram, Echocardiogram, exercise stress test, Bypass

Second Amendment

"A well-regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a Free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed". --*Approximately 265-390 million civilian guns in America; range is 83-125 guns per person. --*30% of Americans own guns and 11% of all Americans live with someone who owns a gun --*Average gun owner has eight guns. --*Nationally- about 40% of men and 22% of women own guns. --*Region most guns are owned in South 37%. Wyoming most per capita (230/100 people); Louisiana 11th (25/100 people) --*About one billion guns globally with 85% in civilian hands

parasite

'infest the body and live off host'- best in warm and moist climates, transferred in water and in poor areas with no water treatment, ectoparasites- live on skin- flea, lice and mites but endoparasites- inside body like a tapeworm (usually cause the harshest problems) *Examples of parasitic illnesses- dysentery, malaria, diarrhea, scabies (starts on skin as mites and borrows underneath skin and lay eggs),

Homicide

'killing another person' (5/100,000) may/may not be legal (self-defense/shooting intruder); 64% with a firearm

manslaughter

'unlawful killing of someone without malice' less moral blame than planning murder; types --*Voluntary manslaughter- killing when extreme provocation, heat of passion, mental issue --*Felony/involuntary manslaughter- Crime with death but unintentional (throwing brick off overpass and killing a driver) parent --*'Misdemeanor manslaughter'- homicide during misdemeanor (theft, vandalism, traffic ticket)

Most important component of Immune system

'white blood cells' (typical human has one trillion). White blood cells keep the body healthy by functioning to identify, fight, kill and remember invaders termed- pathogens. -*Examples of pathogens are: bacteria, virus, fungi and parasites.

Common forms of cancer

(Breast and Lung most common) Prostate, Colon/rectal, Skin

Most people will intervene in a situation of distress. ​​

FALSE, Research shows if someone is alone witnessing a distressful situation, about 80% of people will intervene. However, if others are around that number drops to 20%. ​​

Motor Vehicle (C&P)

(injury is because of the second collision- those in car hit the inside of the car): due to 'poor driving' (speeding, blinkers, distracted driving) --Prevention: brakes, tires, lights, wipers all perfect condition; defensive driving, seatbelts (half of deaths no seatbelt), distracted driving, follow traffic laws for speeding, blinkers, etc. If you motorcycle (helmet), pedestrian (bright clothing and walk against traffic)

Bacteria

(microbiology) single-celled or noncellular spherical or spiral or rod-shaped organisms lacking chlorophyll that reproduce by fission -usually killed over 165 degrees; anything between 40-140 degrees is the 'danger zone' for bacteria to grow

Simple 7 for heart health

*Avoid Tobacco *Healthy Diet (avoid triglycerides- fats we eat or produced from carbs) *Exercise *Healthy weight (BMI) *Healthy Blood Pressure - around 120/80 or less - *Healthy Blood Glucose (to avoid diabetes) *Healthy Cholesterol- positive balance of HDL (good- clear from arteries) and LDL (bad- stick to arteries)

College students and addiction

*Full-time college students- twice as likely to abuse drugs/alcohol as those not attending college *Student reasons to use substances- Stress, classes, experimentation, peer pressure. *Student most common addictions- alcohol, Adderall, marijuana, ecstasy *Abuse symptoms in college students - Decreased interest in classes/extracurricular activities, drastic change in academic performance, shifts in sleeping patterns or weight, time spent in new social circles, especially among those who have a reputation of abuse, withdrawing from friends or acting secretive, changes in behavior or personality, uncharacteristic mood swings, depression or irritability *At risks student Groups - Greek members, athletes, students w/mental health issues, student living on-campus housing/dorms, students w/extreme stress

Poinsoning

*Most common poisoning (includes drug over dose): 40,000-45,000 per year

saving the environment

*Reduce fossil fuel dependence; keep water clean; preserve trees/forests (gives us oxygen and maintains healthy soil); protect coastal ecosystems

Psychoactive Drug- substance (chemical) that changes brain functioning like consciousness, perception, or cognitive ability

*There are six (6) different classifications of psychoactive drugs *United States DEA classifies drugs according to a 'schedule'. Most dangerous are considered 'Schedule One'

Lymphocytes (t and b cells)

*There are various types of T & B cells, each with a specific job and purpose. --- white blood cells that are in bloodstream and lymph nodes; when an antigen is detected, they go to work.

Idea of "immunization" (1796)

- Edward Jenner (1796- developed the first 'vaccine') --Realized people at his farm were not dying of Small Pox. They were getting sick but it was mild and called 'Cow Pox'. He took a young boy and gave him Cow Pox. Then after a while exposed him to Small Pox and the boy did not get sick at all. So the 'Cow Pox' was injected to protect from Small Pox.

Worms (Helminths)

- Flat Worms, Round Worms - Some are pathogenic - (infectious agents) - Some grow in muscles, some in GI tract --pain, bloating, nausea, general malaise *Examples are tape, flukes, hook, pin, round. *Found in undercooked meat, contaminated water, *Some have grown up to 80 feet long and lived inside someone for 30 years, feeds off your nutrients, lives around the intestines, bloodstream, muscles, other tissue/organs *Treatment- surgery or anti-parasite medicines, which essentially poison the parasite and it, dies and comes out system through fecal matter; quinine is a drug used for malaria, acts like a poison

Cancer Transplant

- bone marrow (originated for leukemia and lymphoma) , works for some cancers but limited effectiveness

Bottom Liner

- keeps trash from the soil and water; six steps

Botfly

- lays eggs on mosquitoes, ticks, or other flies and when human is bitten by either- it deposits into the skin and body heat triggers growth or maggots which lay below the skin. Can eat tissue, reproduce causes itching, and pain, might even look like big boils under the skin. Maggots leave a small hole for oxygen. (Remove by covering the area with meat or cover the hole with petroleum jelly which cuts off the oxygen needed to survive)

Virus

- smallest, total number is anywhere from 350,000 to over three million NEED A HOST TO SURVIVE UNLIKE BACTERIA (a host cell- what and where the virus attacks) *Usually causes 'secondary infection' which is an illness that hits because of another illness. *Example we already have the common cold in our system so when it 'wakes up' it weakens us to the point we could get a bacteria and have a sinus infection *It works by invading host cells and replicating itself and can slightly change 'mutate' from person to person which is a problem for medical science. Example- common cold is termed a 'rhinovirus' of which there are different types all slightly different *herpes, hepatitis, chickenpox, cold sores, warts *Treat by focus on each symptom (no antibiotics) BUT if it causes a secondary infection then you can take antibiotics. *When a virus is working it is 'acute' when it is sleeping it is 'dormant' *Medical science is trying to work on a way to make a virus not be able to cause that secondary illness rather than simply trying to eliminate a virus **Virus can wake up due to stress, diet, sleep, exercise, etc.**

Bacteria

- total number in world (number five with thirty zeros after it) with only 100-125 that cause human illness *spread by coughing, sneezing, direct contact (kissing or sex), indirect contact (sharing needles) *it is a single cell (smallest form of life- can live on own) *found everywhere (rocks, soil, water, humans, plants, etc.); many are needed for health *Most enter the body through four places- skin, cuts/wounds, burns, eyes *Some need oxygen to survive (aerobic) some do not (anaerobic); all live best between 60-140 degrees *Cause sickness by: 'toxicity'- make poisons to damage cells in body OR 'invasive'- multiply and overwhelm immune system *Treated by using antibiotics which inhibits production of poisons within 24-48 hours (1928 first one- penicillin) *General symptoms of a bacterial illness: fever, pains, diarrhea, swelling, vomiting, fatigue, cramping, dehydration *Shaped as a rod, cone, sphere, sometimes protected by a 'capsid' which is an outer layer over a cell wall and membrane

Three categories for all alternative/complimentary practices

--Mind Therapy --Body Therapy --Diet Therapy

Overall waste USA

-220-300 million tons a year and we recycle 35%, but we bury majority of waste in landfills

Forms of Illnesses

-Acute illness -Chronic -Latent (Dormant) -Localized Illness -Systematic/Generalized -Contagious

Immune System Problems

-Autoimmune Disease -Allergy

Most common/popular forms are chiropractic and acupuncture

-Chiropractic -Acupuncture/acupressure -Ayurveda -Homeopathy -Naturopathy -Reflexology -Reiki -Massage Therapy

illness Transmissions

-Contact -Vector -Arthropods -Zoonotic

Four types of homicide

-Justifiable -criminal (criminally negligent homicide) -Murder -Manslaughter

Reasons for Violence

-Personal -social -family -peer -economics -What type of home person was born into -drugs -alcohol -mental disorder -exposure at home -and poverty -transient in communities (college areas)

Unintentional injury types (America)

-Poisoning -Car Crashes -Falls -Fire -Choking

Risky situations in college

-Sexual Assault​ -Relationship Abuse​ -Alcohol/Drug Abuse​ -Hazing​ -Discrimination​ -Mental Health Issues​

Three Classes of Fungi Illness

-Superficial -Cutaneous -Subcutaneous -Systemic mycoses

(MCT) Multiple Causation Theory

-You're not going to find just one thing when it comes to an accident -Example: Speeding, driving drunk, raining,etc Behavioral and environmental

Trash (demographics)

-average American = four pounds day & up to 56 tons a year (Americans- 5% world population but 40% of its trash) -Currently 2.2 billion tons of waste; Americans throw away 99% of what we purchase within six months

Classifications of pathogens

-bacteria, -viruses, -fungi, -parasites

(MCT) prevention

-engineering = Method of manufacturing items to make thing safer. (Anti-lock brakes, automatic seatbelts, air bag) -education = Learn Safety for things (Drivers ed, hurricane preparation, news) -enforcement (laws/police) -*3rd most common cause of death in America: over 200K per year (one every three minutes) -*Up 10% since 2015 (due to drug overdose/47,000 just for opioid deaths)

Non-Substance

-gambling -sexual activity -shopping -social media -gaming -porn (Brings pain, embodies love/hate dynamic, frequently disrupted by conflicts, dissatisfactions, emotional/physical violence)

Lifestyle behaviors that raises chances of illness

-poor sleep, -nutrition, -exercise, -smoking, -dirt, -poor food preparation, -sharing towels, -eating utensils, -sponges, -needles, -toothbrushes # 1 thing we can do to reduce illness is WASH HANDS

Three Factors to cause illness

1-) Host must be exposed to pathogen 2-) Host must be susceptible to pathogen by weakened immune system 3-) Environment must be right for pathogen to live

Three types of white blood cells

1-phagocytes and 2/3-lymphocytes (termed T-cells and B-cells), macrophages

Sea/Ocean Waste(pollution)

14 billion pounds overall

Choking

2,000-3,000 per year

Fire

23,000 per year

Falls

25,000 per year (2.8 million incidents per year)

car crash

39,000-42,000 per year (leading cause of unintentional death in world with 1,300,000)

emergency room visits per year (injuries)

41-42 million

Ischemic Stroke

90% of all strokes are this; brain artery blocked

Doctor visits per year for injuries

90-93 million

Macrophages

Found within the lymph nodes, they are phagocytes that destroy bacteria, cancer cells, and other foreign matter in the lymphatic stream. -first line of defense of the acquired immune system (teacher); works by surrounding and overwhelming the pathogen. Additionally, macrophages send a message to other forms of white blood cells to mobilize and assist in fighting the pathogen. These other white blood cells are termed- lymphocytes.

Fungi

Fungi- mold, yeast, mildew grown best in warm and moist environments. Most fungal illnesses begin in lungs or on skin *1.5 million Exist but only about 300 cause illness *Live outdoors in soil, trees, indoor surfaces (showers) and human skin (which can cause a rash) *'Thrush'- most common yeast illness which caused by yeast named 'candida'. It's OK if candida is in the mouth, intestines, or vagina at normal levels but causes sickness when it is not controlled- symptoms are soreness, mouth and gum pain, white patches in mouth *Some fungi get into lungs or brain and cause serious illness *Fungal illness spreads by inhaling spores which spreads natural 'mycotoxins' which kills healthy cells & hijacks resources the cell would normally use to survive; or the fungus makes people ill by allergies *The spores travel through wind, animals, water, clothing (EXAMPLE OF ILLNESSES - HISTOPLASMOSIS, PNEUMONIA

Most polluted body of water in world

Ganges (India) and in America - Mississippi

Lymphocytes T cells

Helper-T- which is radar and Killer-T- cells that work with B-cells to actually do the fighting 'Army' and Suppressor-T cells which eventually slow down immune system after its finished)

Mind Therapy

Includes mediation, relaxation techniques, hypnosis, prayer

Aorta

Largest artery in the body, = largest artery in body; branches out to carry oxygen-rich blood to body using arterioles, capillaries, and smaller arteries

COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)

Lung disease commonly seen in smokers. emphysema + chronic bronchitis (short of breath and constant coughing), use of oxygen tank normal

Ayurveda

Medicine: from India and round for thousands of years. Practitioners use a variety of techniques, including herbs, massage, and specialized diets, with the intent of balancing the body, mind, and spirit to promote overall wellness.

Los Angeles Smog

More common type of smog that is a contains a byproduct which makes it look brown. Typically comes from exhaust. (Exhaust Based, Brown)

Tolerance

Needing more of substance to feel high/drunk

limbic system

Part of brain responsible for addiction, "brain reward system". Typical feelings of pleasure caused by dopamine-natural chemical, brain signals limbic system to release dopamine. What psychoactive drugs do is mimic dopamine and overproduce it in the brain.

Forms of Violence

Physical, sexual, emotional, cultural, verbal, neglect, domestic (382.9/100,000 violent crime rate -2019)

Withdrawal

Physical/mental feeling when drug is stopped or reduced in the body

Healthcare theme

Sometimes people have bad experiences with doctors and turn away from Western medicine. Typically termed 'alternative' or 'complimentary' medicine; neither utilizes the scientific method.

Mental aspect of addiction

Strong desire for the behavior, cannot keep from engaging in behavior

immune system

The cells and tissues that recognize and attack foreign substances in the body, triggered when it detects an 'antigen' (foreign substance in the body that is not normal- illness/allergy) -*Natural defense system against illness; immune system uses the most energy to function of any other body system

Accupuncture/Accupressure

The idea of putting needles or knuckles (acupressure) on center areas of the body called "meridians." Each meridian in the body corresponds to a specific body part. Basis in ancient Chinese culture. The needles and pressure help release "Qi," or 'life-force', which flows through the body and helps with all things. Problem is that this cannot measure. Can also be done for stress related disorders like migraines, and has been so successful that the US government is studying this to find proof to demonstrate this is effective. Insurance will cover this. These are ancillary; people see acupuncture and chiropractor after a doctor. They try to sell sets of three, and give vials of herbs, which supposedly increases the success of their methods.

Melanoma

The most serious form of skin cancer (Spread), brown patch or bump that changes shape rapidly; survival rate high if treated

metastasis

The spread of cancer cells beyond their original site

Non-Renewable Sources

Those that are used faster than they can be replaced by nature. (coal, natural gas,)

Cancer

Uncontrolled Cell Growth (tumor)

Prevalence by age (Injury)

Unintentional injuries are leading cause of death from ages 1-44 and third leading cause of death 45-64

Patterns of Addiction

Unsuccessful attempts to quit, cue-triggered relapse, loss of control, no pleasure anymore, staying vigilant, cross-addiction (substitute one vice for another), self-medication, genetic vulnerability, "abuser" vs. "addict"- addict not limited to substance abuse (become addicted to anything)

Addiction

When a person ingests a substance (alcohol, cocaine, nicotine) or engages in activity (gambling, sex, shopping) that is pleasurable but prolonged continuation becomes compulsive and interferes w/ ordinary responsibilities and concerns, such as work, family life, school, etc. They keep doing the behavior even when they know causes problems.

Set/Setting

When/where user decides to take drug contributes to how the drug makes the user feel -(smoking marijuana at a party might make you feel different than smoking marijuana as part of a medical experiment)

chronic bronchitis

a condition in which the bronchi in the lungs are constantly swollen and clogged with mucus. chronic swelling; over production of mucus in lungs (smoking, pollution, constant cough, congestion)

autoimmune disease

a disease in which the immune system attacks the organism's own cells, when the process gets screwed up and immune system attacks healthy cells (over 80 types)

CVD (cardiovascular disease)

a disease that affects the heart or blood vessels, *Leading cause of death overall for men and women in America (approximately 33% of deaths)

Ozone

a gas molecule that is made up of three oxygen atoms. -'good'- 'stratospheric' (protects surface from UV sun) 'bad'- 'tropospheric'/(ground level chemicals) - Harmful to breath, damages crops, trees vegetation -OZONE IS KILLED BY CHLORINE (WHICH IS RELEASED INTO ATMOSPHERE WHEN NITROGEN IN CAR EXHAUST IS EXPOSED TO SUNLIGHT- resulting in a brown color)

Skin Cancer

a harmful, malignant growth on the skin, - directly related to exposure to UV radiation from the sun (SPF 30+ for safety from UV rays)

CHD (coronary heart disease)

a narrowing of the small blood vessels that supply blood to the heart *When Coronary arteries do not get proper blood flow, then it weakens the heart muscle 'ischemia' *When artery is totally blocked that is a heart attack 'myocardial infarction'; can be caused by clot 'thrombosis' or broken piece of plaque; if heart muscle is devoid of oxygen then it begins to die

sudden cardiac death

a non traumatic, unexpected death from sudden cardiac arrest, most often due to arrhythmia; in most instances, victims have underlying heart disease. irregular or weak heartbeat causing complete shutdown of heart

Phagocytes

a type of cell within the body capable of engulfing and absorbing bacteria and other small cells and particles. -when invader enters body; a portion of the invader is consumed by macrophages.

Illness factors we cannot control

age, genetics, weather, environment, strength of organism (mutated virus)

smog

air pollution by a mixture of smoke and fog. -tropospheric ozone + fog; put certain people at risk for heart/lung problems

Cancer Radiation

alters the DNA of the cancer, can 'target' specific parts of the body without harm to everything else

FDA (Food and Drug Administration)

an agency in charge of ensuring the safety of all foods sold except meat, poultry, and seafood -foods, drugs, cosmetics, supplements

USDA (US Department of Agriculture)

an agency that monitors the safety and quality of poultry, eggs, and meat products. -grains and meats

acute illness

an illness that is sudden and severe -short lived and intense (sinus infection, maybe food poisoning)

solid waste

any discarded solid material, -stored in 'municipal landfill' over 3K in USA and over 12,000 filled up and closed (different landfills for 'construction' and 'inert' materials such as tree stumps and/or limbs and leaves, asphalt, concrete, rock)

Reflexology

applying pressure to specific areas on the feet, hands, or ears. The theory is that these points correspond to different body organs and systems; pressing them to positively affect these organs and a person's overall health.

Cutaneous

athlete's foot, jock itch, candida

Three types of skin cancer

basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma

Violence

behavior involving physical force intended to hurt, damage, or kill someone or something. harming someone with malice or intent

subcutaneous

below skin and can infect bones if serous enough, small bump under skin which causes pain like arthritis

Poisoning (C&P)

besides drugs, food bacteria, household products, --Prevention: take medicines how intended, keep meds in original containers with instructions, secure household products, never mix products like bleach/ammonia, do not tell kids medicine is candy, use fan or open windows when using household chemicals to clean, have a carbon monoxide sensor, have anything fueling with gas, oil or coal burning, like heater or coal burning appliances checked yearly, never use anything in house that burns gas or charcoal (grill, camp stove, generator),don't heat house with a gas oven, keep everything beyond 25 feet from windows, never run a car inside a closed garage even if window is open, make sure fireplace is vented, CO kills by lowering ability to get oxygen to the blood starving the cells organs 'hypoxia'- can kill in minutes

Hemorrhagic stroke

brain artery ruptures and bleeds into brain tissue; could be caused by head trauma or injury

Most common product by in landfill

by weight = paper by size = plastic

contagious

can pass it from person to person (transmitted in air, phlegm, sex, sneezing, etc.)

Prostate Cancer

cancer of the prostate gland, usually occurring in men middle-aged and older, most commonly diagnosed cancer in men (majority in men age 65+); start as 'polyps' growths in colon, use 'colonoscopy' to determine if someone has it

four cancer classes

carcinomas, sarcomas, lymphomas, leukemias

Student Cooking

careful because a dorm room is enclosed. Have own fire extinguisher. Always have window open; even a door if possible --Microwave: DO NOT (ramen/mac n cheese without water); Aluminum foil; Olive Oil (causes more smoke than other oil)

Leachate collection system

carries out water and contaminants in a landfill and transports them to a wastewater treatment plant. -whatever seeps into the landfill and is contaminated

Falls (C&P)

caused by mix of reason = physical health (vision, foot pain, arthritis, use of medicines), ice/water, trash in house, ladder --Prevention: keep it clean (high traffic areas), ¼ rule for ladders with help, lighting by every entrance), raining for stairs, slip bars in showers

CNS

central nervous system

Co-carcinogen

chemical that does not directly cause cancer, but can combine with something else to cause cancer. (two chemicals that when mixed can cause tumors; but not either one on its own)

systemic circulation

circulation that supplies blood to all the body except to the lungs, body, pump blood to and from (left side of heart) *oxygen-rich blood to body and oxygen-poor blood back to heart

embolism

clot that develops anywhere in body (mostly in heart) and travels to brain.

Systemic mycoses

dangerous, attack internal organs, 'Valley Fever' in SW areas where specific fungi live in soil.

Criminally Negligent Homicide

death results from doing something risky in a potentially dangerous situation (you should have known better) example is texting while driving and killing a kid in a school zone

Illness factors we control

diet, exercise, substances like nicotine/alcohol/drugs, safe sex

Contact (transmission)

direct, indirect, droplet, -(direct/sex and indirect/door knob or public computers ), with food, or perinatal (uterus)

Zoonotic

disease that can be transmitted between animals and humans - dogs, cats or other animals transmitted to people (West Nile Virus, rabies)

Cancer Chemotherapy

drug treatment (over 50 drugs for cancer), designed to alter the cell growth,

Reiki

energy healing based on the idea "life force energy" flows through everyone's body. According to this philosophy, sickness and stress are indications that life force energy is low, while energy, health, and happiness signify a strong life force. In a Reiki session, a practitioner seeks to "transfer" life energy to the client by placing their hands lightly on the client's body or a slight distance away from the body (Reiki can also be performed long-distance). The purpose is to promote relaxation, speed healing, reduce pain, and generally improve the client's wellbeing.

systematic/generalized

entire body; flu, high blood pressure

Aherosclerosis

fats/cholesterol in arteries 'hardening of arteries' restricts blood flow. *Fatty streak = fats that accumulate in artery *Plaque = junk in artery wall (lipoproteins, collagen, etc.) Aneurysm = weakness in artery wall; if it tears it can cause sudden death

Arthropods

fleas, ticks, mosquitos (malaria, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease)

Lymphocytes B cells

focus on blood and other fluids within cell tissue. Upon detection of antigen the B -cells produce antibodies (healthy proteins) which attaches to an antigen and destroys it

Air Pollution Emergency

for one to occur must have: temperature inversion, no winds (high pressure) and a source of pollution; makes air stagnant and dangerous -The emergency level indicates that air quality is continuing to degrade toward a level of significant harm to the health of persons and that the most stringent control actions are necessary.

Methane capturing system

formed during trash breakdown; must be removed carefully so it doesn't explode

Sarcoma

found connective tissue like bones, muscle, tendons, etc.

Leukemia

found in blood, starting in bone marrow

Carcinomas

found in epithelial tissue (tissue/cells that covers body surface like any internal organ, or blood vessels or urinary tract or skin);

lymphoma

found in lymph nodes & glands

Tumor

hard mass of extra tissue that invaded the body (two types) First type- 'benign'- slow growth and doesn't normally cause cancer Second type- 'malignant'- an spread to surrounding cells (cancer causing)

groundwater pollution

hard to track because there is no easy way to tell where the polluted water came from. chemicals seep into groundwater

Injury

harm or damage, very short period of time (minutes or seconds), harm not intended- activities like driving, climbing up a ladder, drowning

Naturopathy

healing power of nature. Naturopathic doctors trained conventional and alternative medicines, and look for cause of a condition- exploring its mental, physical, and spiritual manifestations in a given patient. Naturopathy typically involves a variety of treatment techniques including nutrition, behavioral changes, herbal medicine, homeopathy, and acupuncture.

congestive heart failure

heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood. problem with blood pumping being inefficient; causes blood to backup into veins in lungs- which causes fluid to seep into lungs and lower legs (swelling); difficult breathing, coughing, tired, confusion.

endemic

illness present at expected rates

Allergy (Immune System)

immune system looks at something harmless but treats it like a pathogen (so you begin that innate phase) and full blown response (pollen, animal dander, trees, grasses, foods. molds, etc.) basically anything the body mistakes to cause illness

acquired immunity

immunity that the body develops after it overcomes a disease, or through inoculation (such as vaccination) --body 'learns'; when the body remembers the nature of the pathogen so next time it can fight easier

latent (dormant)

in body but 'sleeps'; causes symptoms when environment is right &immune system is weak; (common cold)

tinea

infection of the skin caused by a fungus -(examples are Ring worm, athletes' foot , and jock itch)

Two parts of the immune system

innate immunity and adaptive/aqquired immunity

bystander intervention

involves developing the awareness, skills, and courage needed to intervene in a situation when another individual needs help. Bystander intervention allows individuals to send powerful messages about what is acceptable and expected behavior in our community.​​

Surface water pollution

is the pollution of aquatic systems that are above ground, such as streams, lakes and rivers. example is oil spill

Superficial

just skin or hair, cause itching and redness and that's about it, maybe infects a nail

Food Safety

keeping food safe to eat by following proper food handling and cooking practices. -USA=48 million sick; 130,000 hospitalized; over 3000 die yearly from food poisoning (bacterial & viral)

Landfill building

key is 'no oxygen' so it is tight MOISTURE RUINS A LANDFILL

justifiable homicide

killing in self-defense/defense - Shooting Intruder

chronic illness

lasts long periods of time (allergy), occasionally less painful but still need consistent medicine or therapy (shots)

Lung Cancer

malignant tumor arising from the lungs and bronchi, leading cause of cancer death; directly related to cigarettes ; chemicals in smoke

basal cell carcinoma

malignant tumor of the basal cell layer of the epidermis, most common skin cancer; reddish area; sore that does not heal, bump that is raised and shiny, burn it off or use topical lotion to kill it

breast cancer

malignant tumor of the breast, second leading cause of death for women

squamous cell carcinoma

malignant tumor of the squamous epithelial cells in the epidermis, small red hard nodule 'bump/sore' from direct and unprotected sun exposure (including tan beds)

Protozoa

microscopic, one-celled animals often found in decayed materials and contaminated water. -exclusively spread through a vector and multiply fast causing serious problems, 'amoeba' different types based on how they move around; some swim and some don't and cannot move when in adult stage

State Health Departments

milk/dairy (Usually managed by specific state department of agriculture)

electrocardiogram

monitors and record of the electrical activity of the heart

Choking (C&P)

most common are food, small objects like marbles (kids) dangerous foods- large meat (steak or hotdogs), cubes of cheese, seeds, raw veggies, peanut butter sandwiches, hard candy --Prevention: clean house of small objects like coins, staples, button, bottle caps, (anything a kid can eat), cut food in small pieces, chew thoroughly, don't rush when eating, drink water, know Heimlich maneuver

Fires (C&P)

most common is cooking, then electrical, candles, smoking in bed ---Prevention: smoke alarms (check monthly), fire extinguishers (check every six months), escape plan, clean dryers and chimneys, kitchen cooking areas, don't smoke in bed, blow out candles especially for sleep and when leaving a room, do not overload circuits (plug outlets), keep heaters away from curtains or anything that can burn, no trash like paper products that can ignite easily, dust regularly, no cords under rugs (UL seal for cords) or close to curtains, high traffic areas free from obstruction in case you must get out fast; -keep copies of important papers somewhere easy to get or out of house if there is a fire (prescriptions, medical information/pet information, keys, money), stop-drop-roll, childproof outlet

Water

most common pollution cause is industrial waste; -45% of American lakes too polluted to use

Natural body defenses

natural body protections against disease, skin, sweat/enzymes kill pathogens, mucus membranes (lungs-cilia)/trap and eliminate pathogens, nose hairs, tears/wash away microbes, saliva/eliminate vectors spitting, stomach acid/kills pathogens, large intestine/good bacteria keeps pathogens from multiplying, urine/washes microbes out of body

Milk

normally OK for up to five days after expiration date

Drain system for storm water

on top of the landfill from rain so it doesn't get into the inside

Localized illness

one specific part of body (cut on finger that might get infection, sting, sprain ankle)

Angina

pain (severe), pressure or tight feeling in chest where an artery is narrow

Diabetes type 2

pancreas produced normal insulin but body cells resist insulin causing glucose to build (non-insulin dependent)

Diabetes Type 1

pancreas produces zero insulin causing glucose (sugar) to build up in blood (insulin dependent)

innate immune system

part of the immune system designed to rapidly dispose of pathogens in a nonspecific manner. -'swelling' body first immediate reaction to increase blood flow to the damaged area (typical illness symptoms)

Great Pacific Garbage Patch

patch of solid waste the size of Texas floating in the currents of the North Pacific gyre, mostly consisting of plastics. connected pile of trash floating between Hawaii and California; patch size is bigger than Texas with 1.8 trillion pieces of trash- most common trash in it- fishing equipment.

evaluation apprehension

people's concern about how they might appear to others, or be evaluated by them. A theory that proposes that the way we act is influenced by whether we believe the people around us will approve or disapprove of us. ​ ​

Cancer Surgery

physically remove cells

Single Point

pollution from specific area

transboundary pollution

pollution that starts in one country and crosses boundaries into other countries. pollution from many sources

massage therapy

popular, but has conflicting data. Can relieve stress in patients, but the effects will not last. The sessions are also expensive. It has proven that the results are great short term, especially in those terminally ill. Different types have different focuses, pressures, etc. 45 states in the US regulate massage therapists to avoid any frauds.

homeopathy

principle of treating "like with like," meaning a substance that causes illness when taken in large doses can be used in small amounts and treat those same symptoms. (This concept is similar to allergy shots). Homeopaths gather extensive background information on patients before prescribing a highly diluted substance, usually in liquid or tablet form, to jump start the body's natural systems of healing. There is some clinical evidence that homeopathy is effective

Arrythmia

problems with heart electric system; heartbeat is not rhythmic (either irregular or disorganized); specific type termed 'ventricular fibrillation' is a quivering feeling in lieu of a normal heartbeat

sinus node

responsible for electric signal to work the heartbeat; grouping of cells in right atrium. "Hearts natural pacemaker"

Local Health Departments

restaurants (independent to each Parish/County)

Covering or 'cap

seals the top when at capacity and keeps environment safe

Carcinogen

something that directly causes cancer

Juice

sour taste means rancid (old, unpleasant)

transient schemic attack

specific periods when blood flow is restricted to brain; but resolves within many hours; 'mini-stroke' and could be waring sign for large stroke

The needs to sustain life

sun, water, air, food, temperature

Cancer treatment options

surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, immunotherapy, Transplant

Bypass

taking a healthy blood vessel and grafted onto coronary arteries to improve flow and function

Eggs

test by putting egg in cup or water; -if it floats = rancid -if it sinks = good

exercise stress test

test heart reactions during exercise (every three minutes)

resource depletion

the act of using resources faster than they can be restored or replaced. due to population growth, pollution, waste, war, mining, erosion

vena cava

the body's largest vein, = largest veins; carry the oxygen-poor blood from body to heart

Environmental Wellness

the capability to live in a clean and safe environment that is not detrimental to health. concept started to kill vectors, which were making people sick (went too far- damaged crops)

air pollution

the contamination of the atmosphere by the introduction of pollutants from human and natural sources. -92% of world population breathes sub-standard air (Country with most pollution deaths = Afghanistan)

expiration date

the last day a product is considered fresh. -suggested for freshness 'quality first and safety second'

particulate matter

the mix of both solid and liquid particles in the air. -small particles mixed with liquid droplets

Hate Crime

traditional offense like murder, arson, or vandalism with an added element of bias. -For the purposes of collecting statistics, the FBI has defined a hate crime as a "criminal offense against a person or property motivated in whole or in part by an offender's bias against a race, religion, disability, sexual orientation, ethnicity, gender, or gender identity. -*80% of (all hate crimes total) against a person/people and 20% of all hate crimes against property

echocardiogram

ultrasound of the heart; used to indicate wall motion abnormalities; good for visualizing valves or chambers; often done as outpatient or after patient is admitted; pericardial effusion

Stem Cell

undifferentiated (random) cells that can unlimitedly divide and could end as specialized cells. Due to the unlimited division, stem cells have a higher risk for cancer

Murder

unjustified killing/intent. To be a murder, conduct so reckless that it is punishable. 'malice aforethought -FIRST DEGREE = planning, -SECOND DEGREE = intent to kill but no careful planning passion (get angry and kills) -FELONY = murder while doing a crime (rob house but owner comes home so kill owner)

Diet Therapy

usually overall plant based or specific natural foods to consume.

Meds for fungi

usually slow it down or dry it out

keep clean

utensils, plates, cutting boards, hands, with warm water and soap; careful not to cross contaminate

immunotherapy

vaccination, immunization, Administration of drugs or other substances that enhance the ability of the immune system to fight cancer.

Cells

where trash is stored in layers and compacted daily; packed solid with lining between each level

Community Violence

wide range of events including riots, sniper attacks, gang wars, drive-by shootings, workplace assaults, terrorist attacks, torture, bombings, war, ethnic cleansing, and widespread sexual, physical, and emotional abuse. Public Setting

complementary medicine

will NOT tell you to quit your medicines but do something in addition (massage, yoga, etc.) (Mind-body practices and natural products)

alternative medicine

will tell a person to quit their chemo and try something unproven instead. Can be harmful. A special diet instead of chemotherapy as a treatment for cancer is an example of an alternative to conventional medicine.

Pandemic

worldwide epidemic, illness spread globally (usually out of control)

Cancer Risk Factors

• Diet • Cigarette smoking • Excessive alcohol use • Promiscuous sexual behavior • Genetics • STRESS!!!! Smoking/tobacco use, alcoholism, family history, lack of physical activity, poor diet/obesity, excess exposure to UV radiation (sun), specific viruses, exposure to chemicals /poisons