Kirsch Chapters 5-10
What writing did Constantine supposedly see in the sky?
In this sign, conquer
When did Constantine receive his fateful sign?
On the night before an important battle
Who were the "men in black"?
Rigorous monks who opposed pagans
About what percentage of the population of the Roman Empire was Christian during the reign of Constantine?
10%
How many false beliefs and practices did one bishop count already by the 4th century AD?
156
In what year was the Edict of Milan issued?
313 AD
What was the Roman office of "vicar" originally?
A deputy in charge of a province
What was a basilica originally?
A public building housing government offices
Who was Constantine's father?
A soldier
What was a diocese originally?
An administrative area run by a vicar
What two ranks were used among the tetrarchs?
Augustus and Caesar
What happened after Diocletian resigned as emperor?
Civil war, ending with Constantine's reign
Who issued the Edict of Milan?
Constantine
Who summoned the Council of Nicea?
Constantine
Who supposedly went on pilgrimage to Jerusalem and found, among other things, the True Cross?
Constantine's mother
What city did Constantine found in order to serve as a new Christian capital of the empire?
Constantinople
What does the word "orthodox" mean?
Correct belief
What was Constantine's mother?
Daughter of an innkeeper
What emperor established the tetrarchy at Rome?
Diocletian
What emperor instituted the Great Persecution of Christians?
Diocletian
What did Christians do to other Christians who betrayed the faith by naming names to pagan authorities?
Excommunicated them
Why did Constantine ban private auguries?
He was afriad the results would encourage enemies of the state to rise against him
What happened to Constantine's oldest son, Crispus?
He was executed by his father
Who succeeded Constantine to the throne?
His three sons
Why did early Christians often delay baptism?
In order to wait until all opportunity to sin was over
What famous vowel--the difference between two key Greek words--caused an enormaous division within the Christian community?
Iota
How was Christian theology useful to Constantine politically?
It provided the rationale for absolute monarchy
What was the core dissenting belief among the Arians?
Jesus is a lesser being than God the Father
What did the successors of Constantine do over time?
Killed nearly all of their male relatives
How was Julian related to Constantine the Great?
Nephew
What special status did the Edict of Milan give to the Christians?
Nothing special
What did Julian attempt to do to oppose Christianity subtly?
Rebuild the Jewish temple in Jerusalem
What did Constantine NOT do in order to help Christianity?
Required all government officials to be Christian
What caused the Donatist schism in Carthage?
Rigorists refused to recognize the authority of the bishop who had aided pagan authorities in the persecutions
Who was the chief god worshipped by Julian?
Sol Invictus
Under what name is Julian known in history?
The Apostle
According to one version, Constantine had a dream telling him to put what sign on his soldiers' shields?
The Chi-Rho
What Roman ruler(s) first criminalized the rites and rituals of paganism in general?
The sons of Constantine
What Roman emperor formally elevated Christianity to be the state religion of Rome?
Theodosius
If a sect was declared an anathema, what happened to its members?
They were excommunicated
What right was guaranteed in the Edict of Milan?
To worship all or any gods freely
What does the word "catholic" mean?
Universal
What was the first major question that faced Christians once their religion was legal?
What to do with those who had betrayed the faith during the Great Persecution
What was one of the issues that faced the Council of Nicea?
What was the proper date of Easter?