MGMT-309 Chapter 14

Which of the following is the cycle of the stress process? a. General Adaptation Syndrome b. Selective perception c. Stressor Adaptive Syndrome d. Negative affectivity

a. General Adaptation Syndrome

Which of the following is an example of an interpersonal demand? a. Individuals with conflicting personalities being required to work together b. Insufficient supply of stationary and other tools required to perform a task c. The responsibility of making a critical work-related decision d. Ambiguity about the tasks associated with a certain role

a. Individuals with conflicting personalities being required to work together

Which of the following is true of stereotyping? a. It can be efficient in certain forms. b. It allows us to disregard minor bits of information. c. It is an individual's response to a strong stimulus. d. It depends on consensus and consistency.

a. It can be efficient in certain forms.

Which of the following best defines person-job fit? a. It is the extent to which the contributions made by an individual match the inducements offered by an organization. b. It is the relatively stable set of psychological attributes that distinguish one person from another. c. It is the extent to which a person is poised, calm, resilient, and secure. d. It is the overall set of expectations held by an individual with respect to what he or she will contribute to an organization and what the organization will provide in return.

a. It is the extent to which the contributions made by an individual match the inducements offered by an organization.

Which of the following is true of the preparation stage of the creative process in business? a. It usually requires formal training and education. b. It is the stage during which a creative person achieves a new understanding of the problem. c. It determines the validity or truthfulness of a creative insight. d. It includes the development of a product or service prototype.

a. It usually requires formal training and education.

_____ is an attitude that reflects the extent to which an individual is gratified by or fulfilled in his or her work. a. Job satisfaction b. Positive affectivity c. Cognitive dissonance d. Organizational engagement

a. Job satisfaction

_____ refers to a person's rigidity of beliefs and range of interests. a. Openness b. Conscientiousness c. Extraversion d. Agreeableness

a. Openness

_____ is an attitude that reflects an individual's identification with and attachment to an organization itself. a. Organizational commitment b. Job satisfaction c. Cognitive dissonance d. Organizational engagement

a. Organizational commitment

_____ is the set of processes by which an individual becomes aware of and interprets information about his or her environment. a. Perception b. Repression c. Transformation d. Awareness

a. Perception

_____ is the overall set of expectations held by an individual with respect to what he or she will contribute to an organization and what the organization will provide in return. a. Psychological contract b. Negative emotionality c. Self-efficacy d. Locus of control

a. Psychological contract

Aiko's friends say that Aiko is always in a good mood. She is upbeat and optimistic and has an overall sense of well-being. Which of the following is true of Aiko? a. She has a higher degree of positive affectivity. b. She has low risk propensity. c. She has high levels of Machiavellianism. d. She often experiences cognitive dissonance.

a. She has a higher degree of positive affectivity.

The traits shared by most creative people: a. are openness and an attraction to complexity. b. are stress and dependency. c. are positive affectivity and dependency. d. are negative emotionality and an attraction to complexity.

a. are openness and an attraction to complexity.

The process of observing behavior and assigning causes to it is known as _____. a. attribution b. categorization c. stereotyping d. identification

a. attribution

In the creative process, _____ represents a coming together of all the scattered thoughts and ideas that were maturing during incubation. a. insight b. delight c. verification d. preparation

a. insight

Ralph is an employee at an e-retail company. When he was still new in the company, he came to work late on a regular basis and showed a lot of negligence in his work. As a result, his manager developed a very poor impression of him. Months later, even as Ralph's work showed improvement, his manager continued to overlook his efforts. This is due to _____. a. selective perception b. stereotyping c. negative emotionality d. cognitive dissonance

a. selective perception

Which of the following is true of attribution? a. It is the process of screening out information that one is uncomfortable with. b. It is formed around a framework of consensus, consistency, and distinctiveness. c. It is higher in people with more negative affectivity. d. It is the process of categorizing people on the basis of a single attribute.

b. It is formed around a framework of consensus, consistency, and distinctiveness.

_____ is the process of categorizing or labeling people on the basis of a single attribute. a. Prototyping b. Stereotyping c. Specifying d. Detailing

b. Stereotyping

Scott is an organized, responsible, and self-disciplined employee. He is able to work on multiple projects at a time and submit them error-free within deadlines. Based on this information and according to the "Big Five" personality traits, it can be said that Scott has high levels of _____. a. emotionality b. conscientiousness c. extraversion d. agreeableness

b. conscientiousness

Racial harassment is an example of: a. performance behavior. b. dysfunctional behavior. c. withdrawal behavior. d. avoidant behavior.

b. dysfunctional behavior.

According to the Myers-Briggs framework, individuals of the _____ type enjoy the process and open-ended situations. a. sensing b. perceiving c. thinking d. judging

b. perceiving

Julian is a top manager at a large pharmaceutical firm. His work requires him to make quick decisions, often with incomplete information. He is most likely to experience stress due to _____. a. role demands b. task demands c. interpersonal demands d. physical demands

b. task demands

Which of the following is a reason for imprecise person-job fits. a. Employees expect a lot of favors from their managers. b. Organizations hire new employees. c. Both people and organizations change. d. Performance dimensions are difficult to measure in subjective ways.

c. Both people and organizations change.

Which of the following best describes organizational citizenship? a. It is the behavior of individuals that indicates the unwillingness to work beyond the basic standards of a job. b. It is the behavior of individuals that leads to increased turnover in an organization. c. It is the behavior of individuals that makes a positive overall contribution to an organization. d. It is the total set of work-related behaviors that an organization expects an individual to display.

c. It is the behavior of individuals that makes a positive overall contribution to an organization.

_____ are the total set of work-related behaviors that an organization expects an individual to display. a. Role demands b. Task actions c. Performance behaviors d. Interpersonal demands

c. Performance behaviors

____ is an individual's response to a strong stimulus. a. Dissonance b. Machiavellianism c. Stress d. Attribution

c. Stress

Which of the following is true of Type A individuals? a. They are less likely to experience stress than Type B individuals. b. They are less likely to experience conflict with other people. c. They are extremely competitive and very devoted to work. d. They work at a slow pace without time urgency.

c. They are extremely competitive and very devoted to work.

Which of the following is a characteristic of extraverts? a. They are gentle, cooperative, forgiving, and understanding. b. They are willing to change their own ideas as a result of new information. c. They are sociable, talkative, and assertive. d. They are disorganized, careless, and irresponsible.

c. They are sociable, talkative, and assertive.

_____ is a pattern of action by the members of an organization that directly or indirectly influences organizational effectiveness. a. Positive affectivity b. General adaptation syndrome c. Workplace behavior d. Job satisfaction

c. Workplace behavior

The conflict individuals experience among their own attitudes is called _____. a. risk propensity b. conscientiousness c. cognitive dissonance d. self-efficacy

c. cognitive dissonance

High levels of job satisfaction: a. lead to high levels of performance. b. are more common in Japan than in the United States. c. lead to more positive contributions. d. are not influenced by personal factors. PreviousNext

c. lead to more positive contributions.

In stage 2 of the General Adaptive Syndrome, a person: a. panics due to a stressor. b. ignores a stressor. c. resists the effects of a stressor. d. encounters a stressor.

c. resists the effects of a stressor.

Which of the following is true of agreeableness? a. It is the number of things a person can effectively work on at one time. b. It allows people to have broad interests and to be curious, imaginative, and creative. c. It is the extent to which a person is poised, calm, resilient, and secure. d. It causes some people to be gentle, cooperative, and good-natured in their dealings with others.

d. It causes some people to be gentle, cooperative, and good-natured in their dealings with others.

Which of the following is true of performance behaviors? a. They can always be easily measured. b. They are not influenced by intuition. c. They can always be narrowly defined. d. They derive from the psychological contract.

d. They derive from the psychological contract.

Which of the following is true of contributions? a. They are not included in a psychological contract. b. They are what an organization provides to an individual. c. They include job security and recognition. d. They presumably satisfy various needs and requirements of an organization.

d. They presumably satisfy various needs and requirements of an organization.

Which of the following is true of inducements? a. They refer to the business environment factors in an organization. b. They refer to the competencies an employee brings to an organization. c. They refer to the total number of years an employee invests in a company. d. They refer to what an organization provides to an individual.

d. They refer to what an organization provides to an individual.

_____ are complexes of beliefs and feelings that people have about specific ideas, situations, or other people. a. Attitudes b. Inducements c. Perceptions d. Individual differences

a. Attitudes

_____ is a skill that allows people to see differences among situations, phenomena, or events. a. Divergent thinking b. Vertical thinking c. Cross-functional thinking d. Convergent thinking

a. Divergent thinking

_____ is a skill that allows people to see similarities among situations, phenomena, or events. a. Divergent thinking b. Convergent thinking c. Vertical thinking d. Cross-functional thinking

b. Convergent thinking

____ is the relatively permanent set of psychological and behavioral attributes that distinguish one person from another. a. Image diversity b. Personality c. A psychological contract d. A collective mosaic

b. Personality

Which of the following is true of turnover? a. It has no relation to the labor market. b. It decreases when unemployment is low. c. It is never desirable. d. It can cost an organization.

d. It can cost an organization.

Which of the following is an example of an inducement? a. Loyalty b. Ability c. Skill d. Status

d. Status

An employee at the research division of an automobile firm has an idea for a new type of alloy for the chassis of a car. A prototype of the car that uses this alloy will be developed during the _____ stage of the creative process. a. incubation b. preparation c. insight d. verification

d. verification