MHA 701 - Org Behavior
There are six areas of responsibility for health care organizations. Which of the following are included in these?
1. Meeting ethical and fiduciary obligations.; 2. Being in full compliance with legal requirements; 3. Offering unique benefits to the community; 4. Providing economic benefits to the community.
Which of the following are included in the four levels of feedback described by Keyton?
1. Relational feedback; 2. Individual feedback; 3. Group feedback; 4. Task or procedural feedback
Provisions from which piece of legislation, such as Medicare increased focus on chronic disease prevention, new models of care for reducing re-hospitalizations, improved care coordination, and annual screening for cognitive impairment will assist with changing attitudes toward elderly patients?
2010 Affordable Care Act
Which are fundamental principles described by Edgley and Robinson for dialogue to be successful?
A. Let process move at its own pace; B. engage motivated people; C. Have the group develop procedures; D. Use a facilitator and recorder to manage.
Which of the following are key elements to effective communication for physicians and hospital administrators?
A. The desire to communicate; B. An understanding of how others learn; C. The receiver of the message should be cued to the purpose of the message.
The tri-component model suggests that human attitudes have three factors. They are:
Actions, Beliefs, Feelings
Which attribution refers to a state of heightened motivation that is focused on an undesirable behavior or goal?
Aggression
At my workplace, I never have an opportunity to speak with the vice president of my division, since I must speak with my direct supervisor, who then speaks with the division manager, who then relays my message to the vice president. This is an example of which communication network?
Chain
Which of the following is a method of inequity resolution?
Changing the comparison other; Cognitively distorting inputs or outcomes; Altering inputs or outcomes --- NOT 'Leaving Everything As Is'
Festinger (1957) suggested to refer to which of the following when we perceive an inconsistency between two or more of our internal attitudes or between our behavior and attitudes.
Cognitive Dissonance
Managers must ensure that employees have adequate resources to reach their goals. Which of the following are support elements?
Company policies, feedback, action plans, and training
Managers make attributions about employees based on consistency and distinctiveness as well as the extent to which an employee's performance is the same or different from other employees, otherwise known as:
Consensus
Employees without formally defined power positions exercise significant personal power within an organization by creating a sense of:
Dependency
Which gain power because others have delegated responsibilities to them that they themselves do not want to do but which are accompanied with a certain amount of power?
Employees
Because __________________ among employees is generally good for overall organizational effectiveness, it is helpful to understand the cognitive processes that help foster this state of heightened motivation.
Empowerment
Which have a tremendous potential for power by withholding information or providing incorrect information?
Experts
A leader is a person who directs the work of employees and is responsible for results.
False
A major outcome of the interviewing program associated with the Hawthorne Studies was that researchers discovered that workers were isolated, unrelated individuals.
False
According to Bennis and Nanus (1985), leaders are people who do things right and managers are people who do the right things.
False
According to French and Raven, an individual can only hold one source of power at a time.
False
According to Herzberg, the opposite of job satisfaction is job dissatisfaction.
False
According to Vroom, the forces that drives a person to perform is dependent upon four factors: motivation, valence, instrumentality, and expectancy. Hint: take a look at Vroom's Expectancy Theory diagram
False
According to the Institute of Medicine, research demonstrates that there are no variations in the rates of medical procedures by race and that all patients receive equal treatment.
False
Alderfer's ERG theory like Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory requires an individual to satisfy a lower level need for a higher-level need to become the driver of a person's behavior.
False
Although valid 20 years ago, Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions are no longer applicable to understanding the influence national culture has on organizational and managerial behaviors.
False
An employee's degree of satisfaction is proportionate to the actual amount of rewards he or she is receiving.
False
Attributions are always an accurate reflection of reality.
False
Because of our increasingly diverse population, health care professionals need to be concerned about their cultural competency, which is the same as cultural awareness or sensitivity.
False
Cultural differences have no effect on provider-patient relationships.
False
Due to the extensive training physicians receive in the care and management of geriatric patients, ageism is not an issue in the health care industry.
False
Each content theory of motivation is separate, distinct, and unrelated.
False
Hygiene factors relate to job content and motivators/satisfiers relate to job context.
False
Managers are not dependent on others due to two organizational factors: division of labor and limited resources.
False
Organizational Behavior (OB) is the study of individuals, groups, and organizations.
False
Organizational behavior analyzes the entire organization and is a macro perspective since the organization is the unit being examined.
False
Scientific management was significant to the development of organizational behavior because it demonstrated the important influence of human factors on worker productivity.
False
The classical approach to management focused on the human relations aspect in the workplace.
False
The core of House's path-goal leadership theory is based on the belief that organizational goals are rarely attained by managerial influence.
False
The health care industry has been a leader for embracing diversity management.
False
Theory Y states that employees are unintelligent and lazy.
False
To effectively address the variety of situations a manager faces in today's emergent environment, it is not important that a manager function effectively at each placement on the Tannenbaum and Schmidt's leadership continuum, but only at a few placements.
False
Transactional and transformational leader approaches are clearly oppositional.
False
Unlike leadership theory conducted in the past, where style was rated as either good or bad, Fiedler's LPC-rated leadership style varied according to its ineffectiveness in specific situations.
False
What is an unstructured and informal network founded on social relationships rather than organizational charts or job descriptions called?
Grapevine
The ____________________ is the bias that occurs when people know they are being studied.
Hawthorne Effect
When a person evaluates another as generally low on many traits after observing poor performance on just one trait, the negative carryover effect is known as:
Horn Effect
Which of the following emphasizes systems, processes, procedures, and so forth for personnel management and is usually housed in a functional unit within organizations?
Human Resources Management (HRM)
Characteristics of transformational leadership include which of the following?
Intellectual; charisma; inspiration; individualized consideration
Through the value-based purchasing initiative enacted by the Affordable Care Act, what has transformed from a passive payer to an active purchase of higher quality, more efficient health care?
Medicare
Which type of manager balances the concern for task and the concern for people in an effort to boost morale and satisfaction?
Middle of the road
What type of reinforcement occurs when an unpleasant effect is eliminated or avoided?
Negative Reinforcement
Which of the following are part of the "Big 5" personality traits measured with personality tests?
Openness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism (other is Conscientiousness)
Promoting psychological closeness is a proper technique for avoiding which of the following tendencies? Hint it is optimistic attribution.
Optimistic attribution style
The process by which we interpret and organize sensory information to produce a meaningful experience of the world is known as:
Perception
At my workplace, I never get to talk to my supervisor. I always have to hear the news from one of the staff who happens to be the supervisors favorite employee. Which type of communication barrier is this?
Personal
There are several barriers that can impede the communication process. What are the two categories described by Longest, Rakich, and Darr?
Personal and environmental
According to Hofstede's research, which dimension is the measure of how a society deals with physical and intellectual inequalities and how the culture applies power and wealth relative to its inequalities?
Power Distance
What is another name for the self-fulfilling prophesy where individuals tend to live up to other's stated expectations about us?
Pygmalion Effect
Using reason, logic, and compromise in attempting to influence others, as well as attempting to convince others that certain actions are in their own best interest is indicative of which upward influence tactic?
Rationality
An individual may be unaware that he or she possesses which type of power because another person desires to be associated with or identifies with him or her?
Referent
The five techniques used by managers to promote motivational attributions are...
Screening for resilience; Increasing psychological closeness; Immunization; Attributional training; Multiple raters of performance
According to Tannenbaum and Schmidt, managers should determine where on the continuum of leadership behavior they should position themselves, depending on:
Situational Factors
Overly generalized, and typically negative, views about a group of people is known as a:
Stereotype
The extent to which job assignments are clear through the implementation of formalization and policy is called:
Task Structure
The earliest trait studies were based on which theory which assumed that leaders were born and these born leaders possessed specific characteristics or traits that set them apart?
The Great Man Theory
The level of maturity of a follower in Hersey and Blanchard's Situational Leadership Model is comprised of which of the following components?
The experience and educational level of the subordinate; The level of motivation exhibited by the subordinate; The willingness of the subordinate to assume responsibility
A study of successful business leaders found that they shared the following traits: drive, honesty and integrity, leadership motivation, self-confidence, cognitive ability, knowledge of the business, creativity and flexibility.
True
A weakness noted in the Ohio State studies was that situational factors were absent from the research.
True
According to B. F. Skinner, an individual's behavior can be redirected through the use of reinforcement.
True
According to the path-goal theory, a manager's leadership style is dependent upon two contingency factors: environmental and subordinate.
True
An attribution is a causal explanation for an event or behavior.
True
Different types of groups prefer specific styles of leadership. Members' preference would be based on the leadership style they perceived as right or natural due to their personal socialization process.
True
Employee motivation has a direct impact on a health services organization's performance
True
Fiedler's research was based upon a questionnaire known as the Least Preferred Co-worker (LPC) scale.
True
Flows of communication can be combined into patterns called communication networks.
True
Having value is an important component of both reward power and coercive power for either power to be effective.
True
If failures are caused by unstable internal forces, such as insufficient effort, it is important for employees to make that attribution even if it is not the most desirable short-term conclusion.
True
Instrumental aggression describes behaviors targeted at obtaining a goal that the employing organization is not providing.
True
Leadership can be defined as a complex process by which an individual sets direction and influences others to accomplish a mission, task, or objective, and directs the organization in a way that makes it more cohesive and coherent.
True
Management and leadership are both necessary for an organization to achieve its goals.
True
Managers need to be conscious of the fact that all employees are not driven by the same needs, nor is any employee driven by the same need, at the same time.
True
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs had a great influence on the study of organizational behavior.
True
Millennials will be the fastest-growing segment of the working population.
True
Minority patients who have a choice are more likely to select health care providers of their own racial or ethnic background and are generally more satisfied with the care they receive from minority professionals.
True
One of the major criticisms of the Expectancy Theory is that it does not take into account the relationship between employee performance and job satisfaction.
True
Organizational rules and norms can cause learned helplessness among employees in the same manner that experiments induce it in dogs.
True
People who are non-resilient are likely to err in their attributions and are prone to blame others or themselves for their failures.
True
Preconceived thoughts or beliefs can affect whether or not we hear opinions or information that disagree with our own.
True
Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins was a legal case where a female management consultant claimed discrimination based on gender stereotyped statements.
True
Symbolic leaders interpret and reinterpret experiences, developing the capacity to impart purpose and meaning.
True
The Porter-Lawler Satisfaction-Performance Model extended Expectancy Theory and incorporated Equity Theory into a model to reflect the relationship of an employee's performance to job satisfaction
True
The University of Michigan studies attempted to determine the most effective style of leadership: an employee-centered focus or a production-centered focus.
True
The content theories of motivation focus on the assumption that individuals are motivated by the desire to satisfy their inner needs.
True
The frustration-regression principle of the ERG theory explains that when a barrier prevents an individual from obtaining a higher level need, a person may regress to a lower-level need (or vice versA) to achieve satisfaction.
True
The leader who is able to respond to ever-increasing levels of environmental uncertainty through the utilization of more than one style of leadership will be most likely to increase motivation, satisfaction, and productivity of employees.
True
The macro perspective of leadership provides a more detailed examination of the leader, the external environment, and the situation.
True
The scheduling of reinforcement is important because the frequency will determine the time it takes to learn a new behavior.
True
There are two conditions for power to exist: (1) there is an unequal relationship between two people, and (2) where one of the two is dependent upon the other.
True
Transformational leaders, often referred to as change agents, influence members through a variety of mechanisms, including but not limited to intellectual, emotional, and behavioral processes of the followers.
True
Under the Great Man Theory, many believed that individuals are born with leadership traits.
True
A single entity owning and operating all of the segments providing health care including preventative services, specialized and primary ambulatory care, acute care, subacute care, long-term care, home health care, as well as a health plan is an example of which of the following?
Vertical Integration
_____________________ has evolved to meet the need for better technology and information infrastructure that allows for information sharing, patient care management, and cost control?
Virtual Integration
All charismatic leaders exhibit which of the following characteristics?
high levels of self confidence; trust in subordinates; ideological visions
According to Vroom's VIE theory, an individual's perception that his or her performance is related to other outcomes, either positively or negatively, is referred to as:
instrumentality
The degree of certainty, trust, and deference between the subordinate and the leader is called:
leader-member relations
What are the Big Five Personality Traits
openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, emotional stability
The levels in Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs are:
self-actualization, self-esteem, affiliation, safety, and physiological.
Emotional intelligence (EI) has five distinct characteristics, including which of the following?
self-motivation; empathy or social awareness; self-awareness; self-management or regulation;
