Microbiology (chapter 24)

Which of the following is not a component of the lower digestive system? Liver Large intestine Small intestine Pancreas Stomach

Stomach

What is the most widespread and chronic infectious disease? herpes cholera dental caries common cold measles

dental caries

Cold sores and fever blisters are other names for oral _______

herpes

Cyclosporiasis is characterized by ______. severe gastric ulcers severe constipation severe diarrhea

severe diarrhea

True or false: Some studies suggest that chronic gum infections contribute to arterial disease and rheumatoid arthritis.

true

True or false: Unlike hepatitis A virus, which is passed via the fecal-oral route, hepatitis B virus is transmitted through contact with body fluids.

true

Physicians often refer to diarrheal diseases as "stomach flu" or _________

gastrenteritis

Inflammation of the liver is called _________

hepatitis

Which of the following is not a component of the upper digestive system? Salivary glands Esophagus Mouth Stomach Liver

Liver

The lower digestive system includes which of the following structures? Mouth Stomach Liver Large intestine Small intestine Pancreas Salivary glands

Liver Large intestine Small intestine Pancreas

The upper digestive system includes which of the following structures? Mouth Pancreas Liver Stomach Salivary glands Gallbladder Esophagus

Mouth Stomach Salivary glands Esophagus

Which of the following is the most common source of viral gastroenteritis in the United states? Togavirus Coronavirus Rotavirus Norovirus

Norovirus

A common method for the isolation of intestinal bacteria is the addition of ________ salts to the medium.

bile

Common names for herpes simplex labialis include ______. cold sores genital herpes fever blisters

cold sores fever blisters

Cholera causes a(n) ________ so severe that it can be fatal within hours.

diarrhea

Cholera is potentially fatal because of ______. dysentery constipation diarrhea stomach ulcers gallstones

diarrhea

Clostridioides difficile is particularly a problem in healthcare settings, where it is the most common cause of ______. meningitis dental caries dysentery stomach ulcers diarrhea

diarrhea

Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers are examples of ________ fevers, systemic diseases that originate in the intestine.

enteric

Typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever are called ______ fevers. relapsing hemorrhagic enteric

enteric

Salmonella gastroenteritis is caused by numerous serotypes of Salmonella _______. enterica typhi histolytica bongori

enterica

True or false: Outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis are limited to AIDS patients and others who have immunodeficiency.

false

Produced by the liver, bile salts aid in ______. amino acid deamination sugar absorption fat absorption starch hydrolysis protein absorption

fat absorption

Inflammation of the stomach is called ______. nephritis gastritis colonitis cystitis

gastritis

Helicobacter pylori is present in many people, in whom it may result in disease. Match each infection with its definition. gastritis peptic ulcers cancer uncontrolled growth of host cells inflammation of the stomach lesions in the lining of the stomach or duodenum

gastritis --> inflammation of the stomach peptic ulcers --> lesions in the lining of the stomach or duodenum cancer --> uncontrolled growth of host cells

Diarrheal diseases are referred to as ______. hepatitis acute colonitis cistitis endocarditis gastroenteritis

gastroenteritis

One of the most commonly identified waterborne illness in the United States is ______. giardiasis hepatitis A cholera amebiasis

giardiasis

All of the following are common modes of transmission of the hepatitis C virus EXCEPT ______. sharing syringes hand shaking body piercing tattooing

hand shaking

Hepatitis A, formerly called _______ hepatitis, is _______ by vaccination. hereditary; preventable hereditary; not preventable infectious; preventable infectious; not preventable

infectious; preventable

Hepatitis refers to an inflammatory condition of the _______. pancreas small intestine gallbladder stomach liver

liver

Cells of the villi of the small intestine are lined with tiny cytoplasmic projections called ________

microvilli

Which of the following are viral diseases of the upper digestive system? dental caries hepatitis mumps oral herpes measles

mumps oral herpes

ANUG is an acronym for acute ________ _______ gingivitis, a severe and acute condition seen in methamphetamine users and certain other groups.

necrotizing ulcerative

Bacterial infections of the teeth and gums ______. are generally immediately recognizable because they develop quickly often go unnoticed for years because they arise slowly

often go unnoticed for years because they arise slowly

Mumps is an acute viral infection that primarily affects the ______. adrenal glands pancreas liver parotid glands

parotid glands

Accumulation of ______ along the gum line can result in periodontal disease. pulp cavities plaque enamel

plaque

Periodontal disease often results from ________ accumulation in regions where the gum line joins the tooth.

plaque

Shigellosis is most commonly found in areas that are lacking in adequate ______. sewage treatment public health facilities pasteurization of milk medical facilities refrigeration of food

sewage treatment

True or false: The main purpose of the digestive system is to convert the food we eat into a form that the body's cells can use for energy and raw materials for growth

true

The surface area of the small intestine is increased by the abundance of small, finger-like projections called ______. villi gyri pili cristae

villi

Oral herpes and mumps are examples of _______. fungal diseases of the upper digestive system. viral diseases of the lower digestive system. bacterial diseases of the lower digestive system. bacterial diseases of the upper digestive system. viral diseases of the upper digestive system.

viral diseases of the upper digestive system.