MidTerm pt 1
The primary effect of aging on all body systems is
decreased functional reserve.
Excessive antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion can cause _____ concentration.
decreased serum sodium
Lack of α-antitrypsin in emphysema causes
destruction of alveolar tissue
Aortic regurgitation is associated with
diastolic murmur.
The patient who requires the most careful monitoring for development of metabolic acidosis is a patient who
has had diarrhea for over a week.
Early manifestations of a developing metabolic acidosis include
headache
An important mediator of a type I hypersensitivity reaction is
histamine.
Decreased neuromuscular excitability is often the result of
hypercalcemia and hypermagnesemia.
Myasthenia gravis is a type II hypersensitivity disorder that involves
impaired muscle function.
A patient who reports an intestinal fistula also reports feeling "weak and dizzy" when she stands. While taking her blood pressure she becomes temporarily unresponsive but quickly regains consciousness when put into a supine position. What nursing interventions will the nurse implement before calling the physician
Give her water or juice and some salty crackers and ask if she has had any diarrhea or vomiting
Which disorder is considered a primary immunodeficiency disease?
HIV/AIDS
While hospitalized, an elderly patient with a history of myocardial infarction was noted to have high levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs). What is the significance of this finding?
Increased LDL levels are associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease.
What age group has a larger volume of extracellular fluid than intracellular fluid?
Infants
A low mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) are characteristic of which type of anemia?
Iron deficiency
Your patient is scheduled for a staging procedure. She wants to know what that means. The correct response is which of the following?
It is a procedure for determining the extent of tumor spread.
Which characteristic is indicative of hemolytic anemia?
Jaundice
A patient is exhibiting severe dyspnea and anxiety. The patient also has bubbly crackles in all lung fields with pink, frothy sputum. This patient is most likely experiencing
acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema.
Selye's three phases of the stress response include all the following except
allostasis
A patient with a productive cough and parenchymal infiltrates on x-ray is demonstrating symptomology of
bacterial pneumonia.
The major buffer in the extracellular fluid is
bicarbonate.
Signs and symptoms of extracellular fluid volume excess include
bounding pulse.
Low cardiac output in association with high preload is characteristic of ________ shock.
cardiogenic
Massive release of histamine with consequent vasodilation and hypotension occurs with what type of shock?
Anaphylactic
A middle-aged patient has a follow up visit for a recorded blood pressure of 162/96 mm Hg taken 3 weeks ago. The patient has no significant past medical history and takes no medications, but smokes 1 1/2 packs of cigarettes per day, drinks alcohol regularly, and exercises infrequently. The patient is about 40 lbs. overweight and admits to a high-fat, high-calorie diet. At the office visit today, the patient's blood pressure is 150/92 mm Hg. What is the least appropriate intervention for this patient at this time?
Begin antihypertensive drug therapy.
Cystic fibrosis is associated with
Bronchiectasis
What is the correct definition of complete remission (CR) of leukemia?
CR is less than 5% blasts in marrow and normal CBC values.
Patients with structural evidence of heart failure who exhibit no signs or symptoms are classified into which New York Heart Association heart failure class?
Class I
Burkitt lymphoma is most closely associated with
Epstein-Barr virus.
A type of shock that includes brain trauma that results in depression of the vasomotor center is cardiogenic
False
New-organ damage is a function of both the stage of hypertension and its duration.
False
Familial retinoblastoma involves the transmission of what from parent to offspring?
Mutant tumor-suppressor gene
Renal insufficiency is a common complication of which disease?
Myeloma
The most common tumor-suppressor gene defect identified in cancer cells is
P53.
Obstructive sleep apnea would most likely be found in a patient diagnosed with
Pickwickian syndrome.
Angina caused by coronary artery spasm is called _____ angina. Group of answer choices
Prinzmetal variant
What form of oral rehydration, bottled water or salty broth, is best suited for a patient who is demonstrating signs of clinical dehydration?
Salty soup, because it will provide some sodium to help hold the fluid in his blood vessels and interstitial fluid
A patient presenting with fever, hypotension, and lactic acidosis is most likely to be experiencing what type of shock?
Septic
Restriction of which electrolytes is recommended in the management of high blood pressure?
Sodium
The assessment findings of a 5-year-old with a history of asthma include extreme shortness of breath, nasal flaring, coughing, pulsus paradoxus, and use of accessory respiratory muscles. There is no wheezing and the chest is silent in many areas. How should you interpret your assessment?
The child may be having such a severe asthma episode that the airways are closed, so start oxygen and get the doctor immediately.
The only known curative treatment for CML is allogeneic bone marrow transplantation from a suitable donor.
True
Paraneoplastic syndromes in cancer involve excessive production of substances by multiple means. A common substance found in excessive amounts resulting from cancer paraneoplastic syndromes is
calcium.
Hypernatremia may be caused by
decreased antidiuretic hormone secretion
The patient is a 12-year-old boy diagnosed with acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL). As part of treatment, the patient must undergo several weeks of chemotherapy. The most serious complication of chemotherapy is
infection.
The primary source of erythropoietin is provided by the
kidney.
After surgery to remove a lung tumor, your patient is scheduled for chemotherapy, which will
kill rapidly dividing cells.
The effect of stress on the immune system
may involve enhancement or impairment the immune system
The most appropriate treatment for secondary polycythemia is
measured to improve oxygenation.
Tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-1 contribute to shock states because they induce production of
nitric oxide.
Many of the responses to stress are attributed to activation of the sympathetic nervous system and are mediated by Group of answer choices
norepinephrine.
The strength of the bond between oxygen and hemoglobin is known as the
oxygen-hemoglobin affinity.
Persistence of the alarm stage will ultimately result in
permanent damage and death.
A deficiency of von Willebrand factor impairs
platelet adhesion to injured tissue.
A patient presenting with fever, hypotension, and lactic acidosis is most likely to be experiencing what type of shock? Group of answer choices
positioning the arm above the heart level.
An erroneously low blood pressure measurement may be caused by Group of answer choices
positioning the arm above the heart level.
An abnormally wide (more than 0.10 second) QRS complex is characteristic of
premature ventricular complexes.
The primary cause of infant respiratory distress syndrome is
prematurity.
The goal of long term heparin for the management of a deep vein thrombosis is to
prevent further clot formation
A serious complication of deep vein thrombosis is
pulmonary embolus.
Carbon monoxide injures cells by
reducing oxygen level on hemoglobin.
The movement of blood through the vascular system is opposed by the force of
resistance.
An increase in hemoglobin affinity for oxygen occurs with
shift to the left.
The most definitive diagnostic method for active tuberculosis is acquired via
sputum culture
The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes are well established, is referred to as
subclinical.
A patient with significant aortic stenosis is likely to experience Group of answer choices
syncope.
Allostasis is best defined as
the overall process of adaptive change necessary to maintain survival and well-being
Airway obstruction in chronic bronchitis is because of
thick mucus, fibrosis, and smooth muscle hypertrophy.
The fraction of total body water (TBW) volume contained in the intracellular space in adults is
two thirds.
Peripheral edema is a result of
venous thrombosis.
First-degree heart block is characterized by
widened QRS complex.
