Milady Chapter 6
How much blood does the human body contain?
8 to 10 pints
What is the metabolic process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones?
Anabolism
What are the two phases of metabolism?
Anabolism and Catabolism
What is a nutritive fluid flowing through the circulatory system?
Blood
What are platelets?
Blood components that contribute to the blood-clotting process
What is the primary function of the reproductive system?
Body system that includes the ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina in the female and the testes, prostate gland, penis and urethra in the male. Performs the function of producing offspring and passing on the genetic code from one gernation to another
Where in the body does the spinal cord originate?
Brain
What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
Breathing
When, during metabolism, are complex compounds within the cells broken down into smaller ones?
Catabolism
What are two physical characteristics of lymph?
Colorless and watery
What binds tissues of the body together?
Connective tissue
What is the primary function of the circulatory system?
Controls the steady circulation of the blood through the body by means of the heart and blood vessels (veins and arteries)
What body system is responsible for changing food into nutrients and waste?
Digestive System
What is defecation?
Elimination of feces from the body
What body system affects the growth, development, sexual activities, and health of the body?
Endocrine System
What type of tissue provides a protective covering on body surfaces?
Epithelial tissue
What do the kidneys do?
Excrete water and waste proucts
What is the sternum?
Flat bone that forms the ventral support of the ribs
What are lymph nodes?
Gland like structures found inside the lymphatic vessels
Where in the skull is the occipital bone located?
Hindmost bone of the skull; it forms the back of the skill above the nape
What is the study of tiny structures found in living tissues?
Histology
What are the secretions that the endocrine glands release directly into the bloodstream and that influence the welfare of the entire body?
Hormones
What is the term for taking food into the body?
Ingestion
What body system serves as a protective covering for the body?
Integumentary
What is covered, shaped, and supported by the muscular system?
It covers, shapes, and supports the skeletal tissue
What is true of the origin part of a muscle?
It is attached to the skeleton
What is NOT true about the brain?
It is the largest organ of the body
What is true of the pituitary gland?
It is the most complex organ of the endocrine system
What is a connection between two or more bones of the skeleton?
Joint
What organ circulates the blood?
Liver
What supplies oxygen to the blood?
Lungs
What is the largest and strongest bone in the face?
Mandible
What is the process of cell reproduction called?
Mitosis
What is the name of the two bones that form the bridge of the nose?
Nasal bones
What carries messages to and from the brain and controls and coordinates all body functions?
Nerve tissue
What is the body system that controls and coordinates all other body systems?
Nervous system, composed of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves
What are structure composed of specialized tissues and performing specific functions?
Organs
What is a term that means bone and is used as a prefix in many medical terms?
Os
What organ in the endocrine system secretes enzyme-producing cells that are responsible for digesting carbohydrates, proteins, and fats?
Pancreas
What is the fluid part of the blood and lymph that carries food and secretions to the cells and carbon dioxide from the cells?
Plasma
What is the primary function of the lymphatic/immune system?
Protecting the body for disease
What is the primary function of the skeletal system?
Providing the physical foundation of the body
What is the primary focus of the excretory system?
Purify the body by elimination of waste matter - includes the kidneys, liver, skin, mucous membranes, and lining of the heart
What is the function of the liver?
Removing waste created by digestion
Why does the parathyroid gland regulate blood calcium and phosphorous levels?
So the nervous and muscular systems can function properly
What are glands?
Specialized organs that remove certain elements from the blood to convert them into new compounds
What are valves?
Structure that close a passage or permit flow in one direction only
What is osteology?
Study of the anatomy, structure, and function of the bones.
What is protoplasm?
Substance of which the cells of all living things are composed
What is formed by the 12 pairs of bones in the ribs?
Thorax
What serves as the protective framework for the heart, lungs, and internal organs?
Thorax
What gland controls how quickly the body burns energy and makes protein?
Thyroid gland
What is a collection of similar cells that perform a particular function?
Tissue
What is one reason estheticians should study body systems, organs, and tissues?
To understand the effect of service have on the body
How many identical daughter cells are formed when a cell divides during mitosis?
Two
What term refers to thin-walled blood vessels that are less elastic than arteries?
Veins
What are small vessels that connect capillaries to veins?
Venules
What is another term for white blood cells?
White corpuscles or leukocytes