MKT 4073 Chapter 5 Review

According to Max Weber, at least part of the standard of living in the United States today can be attributed to the A) hard-working Protestant ethic. B) creators of the Constitution. C) Pearl harbor bombing. D) African American population. E) slave labor that formed the basis for early industry.

A) hard-working Protestant ethic.

________ would most likely be characterized as being an imperative business custom in many cultures. A) Establishing friendships B) Knowing to speak and write the native language C) Adhering to local food habits D) Conforming to the native religions E) Having knowledge of the local sport

A) Establishing friendships

________ occurs when payments are extracted under duress by someone in authority from a person seeking only what he or she is lawfully entitled to. A) Extortion B) Subordination C) Lubrication D) Perjury E) Bribery

A) Extortion

Fredrick Keeble, an American manager, took his Swiss client out for a traditional American dinner. The client did not seem to eat much. After dinner, he asked his client if he had enjoyed the dinner. Which of the following responses would indicate that the client comes from a low-context culture? A) No, I did not like the food. B) Yes, but it was a little too oily. C) No, dinner was good but I have an upset tummy. D) Yes, it was lovely, thanks. E) Yes, unfortunately I was not very hungry.

A) No, I did not like the food.

________ time is more dominant in high-context cultures and provides time for relationships to build. A) Polychronic B) Exponential C) Polynomial D) Monochronic E) Sequence

A) Polychronic

Marilee understands that if she wants her U.S.-based company to flourish in Italy, she must be tolerant of Italian customs and norms that might differ from what she deals with in the United States and also be humble and not assume that her current way of doing business is the only way to do business. What characteristic is Marilee demonstrating? A) adaptation B) dissonance C) distancing D) concession E) empathy

A) adaptation

While bowing to another person is a ritual among the Japanese, it is not expected for a Westerner to bow or to understand this ritual. In other words, bowing would be considered a cultural A) elective. B) stereotype. C) imperative. D) rest. E) exclusive.

A) elective.

Which form of communication is more important in a low-context culture? A) explicit B) nonverbal C) contextual D) face-to-face E) gesture-based

A) explicit

The finance minister of a developing country demands a heavy payment for the approval of a multimillion dollar contract with a foreign company. This demand for the lump sum payment is called A) extortion. B) subornation. C) lubrication. D) larceny. E) malfeasance.

A) extortion.

Manuel Tores, a senior manager at Crawford Export Logistics, goes to France to negotiate a deal with the company's French partners. He dresses casually in a t-shirt and jeans. His French counterparts call off the meeting and accuse him of taking a casual attitude toward negotiations. In this scenario, dressing formally during business meetings is probably a cultural ________ for the French. A) imperative B) elective C) exclusive D) oddity E) rarity

A) imperative

Business customs that must be recognized and accommodated are called A) imperatives. B) electives. C) exclusives. D) exceptional. E) constraints.

A) imperatives.

A culture that is low context, individualistic, has a low power distance, and uses monochronic time is A) information-oriented. B) relationship-oriented. C) hierarchy-oriented. D) an authoritarian culture. E) a dictatorial culture.

A) information-oriented.

Companies in the more hierarchical countries of France and Italy tend to have strong paternalistic orientations, which means that A) it is assumed a person will work for one company during their lifetime. B) all employees are family members or close family friends. C) decisions are made from the top-down. D) they are monopolies without any competition. E) they are more heavily influenced by the government.

A) it is assumed a person will work for one company during their lifetime.

What is a characteristic of a polychronic time schedule? A) looser standards of being on time B) get straight to the point C) more strict scheduling D) concentrate on one thing at a time E) promptness at all times

A) looser standards of being on time

In many companies in the United States, people feel that individuals control their own destinies and because of this companies should select and reward employees based on A) merit. B) efficiency. C) payment. D) nepotism. E) family background.

A) merit.

People in Brazil describe themselves as late arrivers, allow greater flexibility in defining early and late, are less concerned about being late, and are more likely to blame external factors for their delay. Which system of time do the Brazilian people most likely operate on? A) polychronic B) monochromatic C) monotheismic D) monochronic E) sequence

A) polychronic

Which aspect of Japanese culture, predicted by many to favor bribery, makes Japan's success in reducing corruption more remarkable? A) relationship-orientation B) mechanistic inclination C) patriarchal nature D) information-orientation E) task orientation

A) relationship-orientation

Which of the following is consistent with the American view of the independent enterprise? A) A corporation should fall under the control of the state government. B) A corporation is an entity that has rules and continuity of existence. C) The largest proportion of a corporation's profits must go to the personal funds of the stakeholders. D) A corporation's employees must be selected on the basis of seniority and not merit. E) Personal relationships are more important in daily life than work and the company.

B) A corporation is an entity that has rules and continuity of existence.

In ________ decision making, title or position generally takes precedence over the individual holding the job. A) committee B) decentralized C) top-level management D) integrated E) dictatorial

B) decentralized

As businesses grow and professional management develops, there is a shift toward what form of decision making? A) authoritarian decision making B) decentralized management decision making C) hit-or-miss decision making D) tentative decision making E) experimental decision making

B) decentralized management decision making

Jenna does not drink alcohol and when she meets clients for dinner she knows that while the client might enjoy a glass of wine with the meal, she is not required to. What type of business custom does this illustrate? A) imperatives B) electives C) exclusives D) individualistic axioms E) standardized axioms

B) electives

At Norton Manufacturing Corporation, it is believed that consumers want products that provide the best quality and have innovative features. Which marketing orientation does this company use? A) direct orientation B) product orientation C) logistics orientation D) production orientation E) selling orientation

B) product orientation

A culture that is high context, has collectivism, has a high power distance, and uses polychronic time is A) information-oriented. B) relationship-oriented. C) self-oriented. D) power-oriented. E) kinship-oriented.

B) relationship-oriented.

Which philosophical view of U.S. management recognizes that people influence the future to a large extent and that they control their own fates? A) independent enterprise as the instrument of social action B) wide sharing in decision making C) "master of destiny" viewpoint D) natural selection theory E) competition producing efficiency

C) "master of destiny" viewpoint

________ is probably the most common mistake of North Americans attempting to trade in the Middle East. A) Accepting drinks when offered B) Interacting informally C) Acting hastily D) Attempting to speak the local language E) Dressing casually

C) Acting hastily

While most European countries are comparable to the United States in terms of the number of women in managerial positions, ________ stands out as the country that is drastically different with only 13 percent of management jobs held by women. A) Italy B) France C) Germany D) Britain E) Switzerland

C) Germany

________ involves a relatively small sum of cash, a gift, or a service that is intended to facilitate or expedite the normal, lawful performance of a duty by an official. A) Extortion B) Ransom C) Lubrication D) Shakedown E) Exaction

C) Lubrication

Nina McRidder became an embarrassment to her company when she joked about the ruling monarchy in England in front of a group of visiting English businesspeople. She should have known that political ridicule by a foreigner is rarely accepted. Ms. McRidder has violated what is known as a cultural A) imperative. B) elective. C) exclusive. D) intelligence. E) standard.

C) exclusive.

Business customs in which an outsider must not participate are called A) imperatives. B) electives. C) exclusives. D) absolutes. E) statutes.

C) exclusives.

According to the "master of destiny" viewpoint, what is one thing that determines a person's destiny? A) luck B) society C) hard work D) family background E) a higher order, such as God

C) hard work

It is estimated that 78 percent of today's website content is written in English, yet not every person in the world can read or understand English. What solution does the text suggest to make website content more universal? A) using minimal to no language on websites instead of using graphics and diagrams to convey messages B) using language translation software to translate communication in all languages C) having country-specific websites so that everyone can communicate in their own language D) using foreign language blocking software to screen international communications E) training employees to virally communicate in all languages used by foreign customers

C) having country-specific websites so that everyone can communicate in their own language

What is true of the findings of Transparency International's Corruption Perception Index (CPI)? A) lower levels of bribery have been found in nations with a communist past. B) higher levels of bribery have been found in low-power distance nations. C) higher levels of bribery have been found in low-income nations. D) lower levels of bribery have been found in collectivistic cultures. E) lower levels of bribery have been found in poor nations.

C) higher levels of bribery have been found in low-income nations.

What are the three categories of business customs? A) rigid, flexible, and negotiables B) internals, externals, and consensual customs C) imperatives, electives, and exclusives D) national, foreign, and international E) unilateral, bilateral, and multilateral

C) imperatives, electives, and exclusives

Research has shown that commitment of workers to their companies tended to be higher in countries A) higher in individualism and lower in power distance. B) higher in collectivism and lower in individualism. C) lower in individualism and higher in power distance. D) higher in power distance and higher in individualism. E) higher in collectivism and higher in power distance.

C) lower in individualism and higher in power distance.

Many companies are now practicing strategic philanthropy which means that they A) make efforts to minimize harmful waste emissions. B) hire returning veterans. C) use their expertise or products to sponsor projects in the community. D) only work with foreign corporations that meet EPA standards. E) promote products that are made with only natural ingredients.

C) use their expertise or products to sponsor projects in the community.

When considering the role of time in business, which of the following is true of P-time and M-time? A) The American desire to get down to business is a manifestation of a P-time culture as contrary to Japan's M-time approach. B) The M-time system gives rise to looser time schedules, unlike P-time. C) M-time is characterized by the simultaneous occurrence of many things, unlike P-time. D) As global markets expand, more businesspeople from P-time cultures are adapting to M-time. E) Contrary to P-time businesspeople, interruptions are routine for M-time businesspeople.

D) As global markets expand, more businesspeople from P-time cultures are adapting to M-time.

________ generally involves giving large sums of money—frequently not properly accounted for—designed to entice an official to commit an illegal act on behalf of the one offering the bribe. A) Agent charges B) Lubrication C) Extortion D) Subornation E) Ransom

D) Subornation

Kim is the director of operations at her company and hires an agent to obtain a license to build a warehouse in an industrial district. The agent gets caught offering a bribe to a government official for issue of the license. Which of the following describes Kim's liabilities? A) The manager is not liable since the use of an agent absolves her of any responsibility. B) The manager is liable since the agent used part of her fees for bribery, although the manager was unaware of the agent's intentions. C) The manager is not liable if the agent can prove that extortion, rather than bribery, took place. D) The manager is liable if she was aware of the fact that part of the agent's fee will be used as a bribe. E) The manager is liable only if the act of building the warehouse at the given location is illegal.

D) The manager is liable if she was aware of the fact that part of the agent's fee will be used as a bribe.

Which of the following best explains the low percentage of women chosen for international assignments in the United States? A) The role of women as homemakers and caregivers does not allow for international assignments. B) Men are generally more interested to take up international assignments than women. C) Prejudice faced by American women executives in foreign, male-dominated societies is exaggerated. D) There is a widespread belief that traditional roles of women in male-dominated societies preclude women from being successful in these societies. E) Expenses involved in sending an unmarried women executive abroad are far higher than the expenses incurred in sending a married man with family.

D) There is a widespread belief that traditional roles of women in male-dominated societies preclude women from being successful in these societies.

Which organization conducts an international survey of businesspeople, political analysts, and the general public on corruption and compiles the Corruption Perception Index (CPI)? A) Organization of American States (OAS). B) Amnesty International. C) Oxfam International. D) Transparency International (TI). E) CARE International.

D) Transparency International (TI).

The management team selected Sarah to attend the meeting with the new foreign-based company because she demonstrates tolerance, can easily adjust to changes in work tempos, and always promotes justice and fairness. Sarah has the qualities necessary for A) dissonance. B) ethnocentrism. C) dominance. D) adaptation. E) stereotyping.

D) adaptation.

According to Lester Thurow, in the British-American "individualistic" kind of capitalism, relationships among government, management, and labor in business systems are A) cooperative. B) commensalistic. C) synergistic. D) adversarial. E) conciliatory.

D) adversarial.

In his study on the personal lives of professionals, David McClelland found that in ancient Greece work was considered A) more important than family and home. B) a necessary component to having a happy personal life. C) equal to and just as important as having a fulfilling personal life. D) an undesirable factor that got in the way of a good personal life. E) the ultimate reward.

D) an undesirable factor that got in the way of a good personal life.

Kenneth is a bank executive and when one of his customers offers him box seats to a Chicago Cubs game he knows he cannot accept them because it is not appropriate to do so. However, in some countries of the world this gift would be perfectly acceptable. This reflects a difference in A) intellectual property laws. B) grants-in-aid. C) tariff restrictions. D) business ethics. E) ethnocentrism.

D) business ethics.

The notion that ________ is crucial for efficiency, improvement, and regeneration is fundamental to Western management practices. A) insolvency B) procrastination C) liquidation D) competition E) complacency

D) competition

Adam Smith in his The Wealth of Nations stated, "By pursuing his own interest he frequently promotes that of the society more effectually than when he really intended to promote it." What behavior does this notion attempt to justify? A) collectivism B) loyalty C) welfare mentality D) competitiveness E) cooperation

D) competitiveness

What is a criterion for adaptation when dealing with individuals, firms, or authorities in foreign countries? A) ability to resist varying tempos B) zero tolerance C) hypersensitivity D) flexibility E) lack of curiosity

D) flexibility

Which form of business decision making is predominant in most Asian countries? A) independent decision making B) contractual decision making C) authoritarian decision making D) group decision making E) dictatorial decision making

D) group decision making

A ________ time system typifies Western cultures like most North Americans, Swiss, Germans, and Scandinavians and causes them to concentrate on one thing at a time. A) polychronic B) bimodal C) dual D) monochronic E) collectivistic

D) monochronic

France is higher on Hofstede's Power Distance Index (PDI) than the United States and formality is evident in French businesses. Which of the following American business practices would be most unacceptable to the French? A) slipping in colloquial French words during business meetings B) trying to emulate the French way of business thinking C) showing enthusiasm at business negotiations D) using first names in business encounters E) exhibiting stubbornness while negotiating

D) using first names in business encounters

Which ethical principle tries to optimize the "common good" or benefits of all constituencies? A) secularism and philanthropy B) rights of the parties C) justice or fairness D) utilitarian ethics E) self-reference frame

D) utilitarian ethics

Marcus is the director of a small company in Boston. He is trying to obtain parts from a manufacturer in Taiwan but that company is unwilling to send them because of government regulations limiting exports on small orders. Marcus calls the head of the manufacturing company and says he will pay him an extra $5,000 if he ships them anyway. What practice is Marcus using to obtain the parts? A) extortion B) slander C) barter D) libel E) bribery

E) bribery

Academic studies of the causes and consequences of bribery, conducted by Transparency International (TI), indicate corruption is greater in A) high income nations. B) democratic rather than communist nations. C) countries with high individualism. D) countries with low Power Distance Index. E) collectivistic nations.

E) collectivistic nations.

Reggie owns a small stationery company in Tennessee and plans to enter the French market to sell his line of fine linen papers. He realizes that there are many business customs he will need to understand and conform to in order to succeed in France. What type of business custom is Reggie concerned with? A) cultural exclusives B) business truism C) global protocols D) business axioms E) cultural imperatives

E) cultural imperatives

The marketing orientation at KB Komponents is based on the belief that consumers and businesses alike will not buy enough without some prodding on the part of the company. Which marketing orientation does this demonstrate? A) distribution B) buying C) production D) time E) selling

E) selling

When compared to people operating on P-time, people operating on M-time A) follow looser time schedules. B) are more deeply involved with individuals. C) are not bound by deadlines and time schedules. D) are more likely to blame external factors for their lateness. E) tend to concentrate on one thing at a time.

E) tend to concentrate on one thing at a time.

According to the high-context/low-context continuum identified by Edward T. Hall, communication in a low-context culture depends on A) the context. B) who says it. C) when it is said. D) how it is said. E) the verbal expression.

E) the verbal expression.

The Jensen family has owned Jensen's Country Furnishings since 1987 and Delores and Frank Jensen, grandparents and founders, make all of the business decisions. What type of decision-making pattern does this reflect? A) committee B) diffused management C) decentralized management D) nonhierarchical E) top-level management

E) top-level management

A characteristic of committee decision making is that A) it is only found in small businesses. B) the committees always operate on a decentralized basis. C) it is based on rank and hierarchy. D) it is rarely employed in Asian countries. E) it is by group or consensus.

E) it is by group or consensus.