MNGT Test 2
Chain of Command
1. unity of command 2. scalar principle unbroken like of authority that links all employees and shows who reports to whom
Exploration, Cooperation, Innovation Roles
Three Innovation Strategies for New Products and Technologies
Organization Chart
You would study a business's _________ to see a visual representation of its vertical structure, including the chain of command.
Centralization
decision authority is at the top
Decentralization
decision authority is pushed downward
talent management
how to manage employees once you hire them
ambidextrous approach
incorporating processes that are appropriate for both the creative impulse and the systematic implementation of innovations
performance appraisal
observing and assessing employee performance and providing feedback
Civil Rights Act Title VII 1964
prohibits discrimination in employment on the basis of race, religion, color, sex, or national origin
new-venture fund
provides financial resources to develop new ideas
Re-engineering
radical redesign of practices to achieve dramatic improvements
innovation by acquisition
recognizing that innovation often happens with young, small, entrepreneurial companies
affirmative action
requires that an employer take positive steps to guarantee equal employment
skunkworks
separate, small, informal, highly autonomous and often secretive group that focuses of breakthrough ideas
job description
summary of specific tasks, duties, responsibilities
job analysis
systematic process of gathering information
recruiting
talent acquisition
Delegation
transferring authority and responsibility to positions below them
OD stages
unfreezing, changing, refreezing
croudsourcing
using internet to let others contribute
Strategy
what to do
functional structure
whole company has different activities organized at top of org.
line authority
your manager has ___________ when he has the right to tell you what work to do and to hold you accountable for doing it
Responsibility
duty to perform the task as assigned
Unity of command
each employee is held accountable to only one supervisor
human capital
economic value of the combined knowledge, experience, skills, and capabilities of employees
large group intervention
entire system, fast brings together participants from all parts of the organization
Occupational Safety and Health Act OSHA
establishes mandatory safety and health standards in organizations
open innovation
extending the search for new ideas beyond boundaries of organization and industry
virtual network structure
firm subcontracts most of its major functions
human resource planning
forecasting of HR needs (how many to hire at each level)
Authority
formal and legitimate right of a manager to make decisions
Negotiation
formal bargaining
Organization structure
formal reporting relationships (lines of authority, decision responsibility, number of hierarchical levels, span of control, etc.)
relational coordination
highest level of horizontal coordination - frequent, timely problem-solving communication
Discrimination
hiring and promotion decisions are based on criteria that is not job relevant
promote from within
how do many organizations fill high level positions
Organizing
how to do it - deployment of organizational resources to achieve strategic goals
Disruptive innovation
innovations that typically start small and end up completely replacing an existing product or service
Changing
intervention - when individuals experiment with new behavior and skills
collaboration
joint effort b/t two or more departments
Unfreezing
makes people aware of problems
Old, Tall Structure
more levels of management after president
matrix approach
multiple managers - combines functional and divisional
New, flat structure
president, then one level of management
Staff authority
right to advise, recommend, and counsel - not formal authority
organizational development
specific problem or group, gradual planned, systematic process of change that helps with mergers, revitalization, etc.
structured interviews
standardized questions to compare applicants similarly
development
teaching people broader skills
training
teaching people how to perform tasks
disruptive approach
the smartphone, which essentially put a computer in people's pockets, is an example of ___________ because it has replaced other technologies.
human capital, customer relationships, product and service innovation
top three factors for maintaining competitive success
fear of personal loss
what is the biggest obstacle to organizational change
Refreezing
when individuals acquire new attitudes or values
Exploration
- creativity -bottom up approach -internal contests -idea incubators
Cooperation
-horizontal coordination mechanisms -customers, partners -open innovation
Innovation Roles
-idea champions -new venture teams -skunkworks -new venture fund
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
EEOC
blind hiring
Focuses managers on an applicant's job skills and performance rather than educational credentials, appearance, or prior experience.
Line authority
Formal authority to direct and control
change agent
OD specialist that performs systematic diagnosis of organization to identify problems
Accountability
People with authority and responsibility are subject to reporting to those above them
Family and medical leave act
Requires that employers provide 12 weeks of unpaid leave for medical and family reasons, including paternity and illness of a family member.
Responsibility
When your manager assigns you a task, you have the _________ to carry out that task as assigned.
coordination
adjusting and synchronizing diverse activities b/t individuals and departments
strategic HRM approach
all managers are involved in managing human resources
people change
change that concerns a few employees
culture change
change that concerns the organization as a whole
scalar principle
clearly defined lines of authority
employment tests
cognitive ability, physical ability
divisional structures
company divided into multiple division each with their own activities organized within the division
