NDFS 100 FINAL

According to the USDA Food Patterns, which is equivalent to 1 cup of dairy? - 6 oz. fat-free yogurt - 2 oz. cheddar cheese - 1 egg - 1 cup fortified soy milk

1 cup fortified soy milk **1-1/2 oz natural cheese = 1 cup milk (dairy) See pages 40-41, Figure 2-5.

What is the AMDR for protein? -10-35% of calories - 20-35% of calories - 45-65% of calories - 35-65% of calories

10-35% of calories Correrct! The AMDR for protein is 10-35% of calorie intake. See "AMDR-Calorie Percentage Ranges" page 34.

After cooking, foods should be held at _________ ⁰F or higher until served. * 110 * 120 * 130 * 140

140 Keep hot food at or above this temperature. Food in the danger zone of 40⁰-140⁰ lets bacteria multiply quickly. Review "Safe Food Practices for Individuals" Figure 12-5, page 481

How much weight should a woman gain during pregnancy if she was overweight before pregnancy? * 11-20 lbs * 15-25 lbs * 25-35 lbs * 28-40 lbs

15-25 lbs Correct! Review "How Much Weight Should a Woman Gain during Pregnancy" Table 13-5 page 527.

Jake's weight on the metric scale is 77 Kg. About how many pounds does Jake weigh? - 35 lb - 99 lb - 169 lb - 192 lb

169 lb Correct! 77 Kg X 2.2 lb/Kg = 169 lbs

If you need 2400 calories each day, what quantity of vegetable is recommended each day? - 2 cups - 3 cups - 10 oz - 16 oz

3 cups Correct! The recommended amount of vegetables for the 2400 calorie level is 3 cups per day. Vegetable equivalents are in cups, not ounces.

A female athlete lost 2 pounds during her morning jog. What is the minimum amount she should drink to replenish fluids? - 1 cup - 2 cups - 3 cups - 4 cups

4 cups ** For each pound of body weight lost during exercise, 2 or more cups of fluid should be consumed to replenish fluids. If the athlete lost 2 pounds, then 4 cups should be consumed. Review Table 10-8 "Suggested Hydration Schedule for Physical Activity" page 411.

What is the recommended age for introducing solid foods to infants? * 1-3 months * 4-6 months * 9-11 months * 12-14 months

4-6 months ** At 9 months an infant can already be eating a large variety of foods. Review "An Infant's First Solid Foods" and Table 13-12 page 545.

According to the RDA recommendation, how much protein should a 124 pound person consume each day? - 35 grams - 40 grams - 45 grams - 50 grams

45 grams Correct. The RDA for protein is 0.8 grams per kilogram of body weight. A 124 pound person weighs 56 kilograms. 56kgx0.8g=45g. Review "How Much Protein Do People Need?" page 219.

Which of the following individuals would be at highest risk for cardiovascular disease? - 50-year-old man; LDL: 170 mg/dL; BMI: 33; Blood Pressure: 156/102 - 45-year-old woman; HDL: 65 mg/dL; BMI: 31; Blood Pressure: 139/91 - 39-year-old man; HDL: 35 mg/dL; BMI: 29; Blood Pressure: 122/86 - 35-year-old woman; LDL: 97 mg/dL; BMI: 24; Blood Pressure: 119/76

50-year-old man; LDL: 170 mg/dL; BMI: 33; Blood Pressure: 156/102 ** Risk factors include increasing age, male gender, high LDL, low HDL, obesity, and high blood pressure. This man is the oldest, with unhealthy LDL levels, an obese BMI, and high blood pressure. Review "Risk Factors for CVD" and Table 11-5

Which of the following foods would contain the LEAST amount of fiber? - 1 slice of whole wheat bread - a cup of grape juice - a large apple - beans and rice

A cup of grape juice Legumes are a high source of fiber. Review "Fibers" and "Why Do Nutrition Experts Recommend Fiber Rich Foods?" pages 120-123.

What is a main contributor to the development of atherosclerosis? - A diet high in saturated fat - High HDL - Low LDL

A diet high in saturated fat Correct! A diet high in saturated fat and trans fat contributes to the development of plaque and atherosclerosis progression. Review "Atherosclerosis" pages 439-444 as needed.

In nutrition, the word essential means: - Necessary for good health and proper functioning of the body - A necessary nutrient that can be obtained only from the diet - The body can manufacture the nutrient from raw materials - Compounds the body can make for itself

A necessary nutrient that can be obtained only from the diet Correct! Essential nutrients are nutrients the body cannot make for itself or cannot make fast enough from other raw materials; nutrients must be obtained from food to prevent deficiencies. See page 8

Which is NOT a function of protein? - Acts as an insulator - Maintains fluid balance - Can provide energy - Supports growth

Acts as an insulator ** This is a function of protein. Proteins can provide some fuel for energy needs. Review "The Roles of Body Proteins" pages 212-215 and Table 6-2.

Which is NOT accurate about drugs used in livestock raised for human consumption? - Antibiotics used in livestock production differ from those used in used to treat human diseases - Growth hormone (IGF-I) levels are similar whether or not cattle have been given bovine growth hormone (bST) - Injections of bovine growth hormone (bST) allow animals to develop proportionally more meat and less fat - Regular use of antibiotics in livestock may contribute to the emergence of antibiotic resistant diseases in humans

Antibiotics used in livestock production differ from those used in used to treat human diseases Correct! Review "Animal Drugs-What Are the Risks?" pages 495-496

Complex carbohydrates: - Are known as monosaccharides and disaccharides - Are long chains of sugar units arranged to form starch or cellulose - Include both the single sugar units and linked pairs of sugar units - Include milk sugar and molasses

Are long chains of sugar units arranged to form starch or cellulose Correct! Review "Starch," "Glycogen," and "Fibers" pages 117-118.

Scientific evidence indicates that multivitamins are often necessary for all of the following EXCEPT: - Athletes - Pregnant women - Chronic dieters - Infants

Athletes ** Athletes who consume a variety of foods usually don't need multivitamins. Review Controversy 7 Table C7-1 page 285.

What trend has accompanied the increase in obesity over the last several decades? A- Increased physical activity B- Higher calorie intake C- Less sugar per person in the food supply D- Reduced physical activity E- B and D F- A and C

B and D Correct! Review Controversy 4 pages 154-158.

Who would be most likely to develop pellagra? A- A person who consumes a mixed diet of meat and plant foods B- A person who does not consume meats and eats corn as their dietary staple C- A person who is vegetarian but consumes milk D- A and B E- B and C

B- A person who does not consume meats and eats corn as their dietary staple Correct! Pellagra occurs among poorly nourished people from a deficiency of niacin. Niacin deficiency can be prevented by adequate dietary protein. Review "Niacin" page 269 as needed.

Which would NOT be considered a recovery meal? - Turkey sandwich - Chocolate milk - Bagel and 100% fruit juice - Rice bowl with chicken

Bagel and 100% fruit juice ** Replacing carbohydrates and protein is important after intense exercise. Rice and chicken would be a good source of both. Review "Conclusion, Recovery Meals" page 419.

Which is NOT associated with vitamin D deficiency? - Rickets - Osteoporosis - Osteomalacia - Beriberi

Beriberi Beriberi occurs from a thiamin deficiency and is not associated with a vitamin D deficiency. Review "Too Little Vitamin D-A Danger to Bones" pages 251-252.

If a person's calcium intake is deficient, what will happen? - Calcium absorption will decrease - Blood levels of calcium will stay the same because calcium will be withdrawn from the bones - The person will gain weight - Blood calcium will decrease in order to keep bone density as high as possible

Blood levels of calcium will stay the same because calcium will be withdrawn from the bones Correct! When calcium is deficient in the diet, the intestines increase calcium absorption, the kidneys prevent calcium loss in the urine, and the bones release more calcium into the blood to preserve calcium blood levels. Review "Calcium" page 307.

Which nutrient category provides energy? - Minerals - Carbohydrates - Vitamins - Water

Carbohydrates Correct! Carbohydrates provide 4 Kcal/g

Which is NOT included in the recommendations for fat intake? - Get 20-35% of calories from fat. - Keep saturated fat intake less than 10% of total calories. - Change the relative proportion of fats to increase omega-6 fats and decrease omega-3 fats. - Include fatty foods like avocados, fatty fish, and nuts in the diet.

Change the relative proportion of fats to increase omega-6 fats and decrease omega-3 fats. ** This is the AMDR for fat intake. Review "Recommendations for Lipid Intakes" pages 172-174.

Which is recommended regarding feeding young children? - Children should be expected to eat all the food on their plate before they can be excused from the table. - Children should be encouraged to help with food preparation. - Children should be served large portions of foods so they will be sure to get enough. - Children should not be allowed snacks between meals.

Children should be encouraged to help with food preparation. Correct! Children are more likely to try new foods when they feel involved and included in meal planning, shopping, and food preparation. Review "Mealtimes and Snacking" page 564 and Table 14-4.

Which is NOT accurate about the lipid composition of the food(s)? - Canola oil is a significant source of both monounsaturated fatty acids and omega-3 fatty acids. - Olive oil is high in monounsaturated fatty acids. - Coconut oil is high in polyunsaturated fatty acids. - Beef and pork fats have mono- and poly-unsaturated fatty acids as well as saturated fatty acids.

Coconut oil is high in polyunsaturated fatty acids. **Canola oil does contain a large amount of monounsaturated fatty acids, some saturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Review "Saturated vs. Unsaturated Fatty Acids" and Figure 5-5, pages 165-166.

Which is a consequence of a very high intake of calcium? - Constipation - Muscle cramps - Loss of appetite - Vomiting

Constipation Correct! Constipation, risk of kidney stones, and elevated blood calcium are risks of a very high calcium intake. Review "Calcium" page 309.

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans includes all of the following guidelines EXCEPT: - Maintain a healthy body weight - Consume no refined sugars - Engage in regular physical activity - Choose diets lower in sodium

Consume no refined sugars See pages 37-38, "Dietary Guidelines for Americans." The 2015-2010 DGA has five guidelines 1. Follow a healthy eating pattern across the lifespan 2. Focus on variety, nutrient density, and amount 3. Limit calories form added sugars and saturated fats and reduce sodium intake 4. Shift to healthier food and beverage choices. 5. Support healthy eating patterns for all.

Sam participates in strenuous world-class competition that lasts for four hours or more. Which fluid-related suggestion would be best for Sam? - Don't worry about electrolyte losses - Consume sports drinks - Take electrolytes or salt tablets - Drink plain water

Consume sports drinks ** During intense activity longer than 45 minutes, sports drinks are a convenient way to replace lost fluids and electrolytes. Review "Fluid and Electrolyte Needs during Physical Activity" pages 411-412.

Which dietary factor is likely to lower cancer risk? - Increasing daily energy intake. - Taking high dose iron supplements - Incorporating more red meat into meals - Consuming mostly plant-based foods

Consuming mostly plant-based foods ** Eating adequate amounts of whole foods, such as fruits and vegetables, offers the best protection against cancer. Review "Which Diet Factors Affect Cancer Risk?" pages 455-457

A person with heart disease is told he has to make some changes in his diet and lifestyle practices. He states "I know that I should make changes because my father and brother both died of heart attacks. But, I really like to have my big steaks for dinner." He is in what stage of behavior change? - Precontemplation - Contemplation - Action - Maintenance

Contemplation Correct! Contemplation - admit a change may be needed, but weighing pros and cons of change

Which will best relieve constipation during pregnancy? A- Consume high fiber fodds B- Plentiful water intake C- The use of mineral oil D- A and B E- B and C

D- A and B Correct! Review Table 13-6 page 529.

What would be the most likely outcome for proper weight gain during pregnancy? - A low birthweight baby - Decreased risk of surgical birth - Increased milk production for breastfeeding - Newborn baby more likely to sleep through the night

Decreased risk of surgical birth Correct! A benefit of proper weight gain during pregnancy includes a lower risk of surgical birth. Review "How Much Weight Should a Woman Gain during Pregnancy?" page 526.

How do manufacturers determine how ingredients are listed on their products? - Alphabetical order - Ascending order by volume - Descending order by weight - Order of nutrient importance

Descending order by weight Correct! The product's ingredients must be listed in descending order of predominance by weight.

Vitamin A plays an important role in: A- Maintaining body linings B- Blood clotting C- Cell differentiation D- A and B E- A and C

E- A and C ** Vitamin A plays roles in immune defense, maintaining body linings, growth, and cell differentiation. Review "Roles of Vitamin A and Consequences of Deficiency" pages 244-245.

Which is recommended to minimize morning sickness? - Use laxatives prescribed by a doctor - Eat dry toast or crackers in the morning - Eat large meals whenever you don't have nausea - Smell foods with strong odors

Eat dry toast or crackers in the morning Correct! Eating soda crackers or other salty foods in the morning can help some women minimize morning sickness. Review Table 13-6 page 529.

Which is UNLIKELY to lead to childhood malnutrition? - Diluted cereal drinks as the main food supply - Edema interferes with digestion and metabolism - Drought in a region decreases harvests - War limits food availability

Edema interferes with digestion and metabolism ** Diluted cereal drinks as the main food supply This is likely to lead to childhood malnutrition from lack of nutrients and energy. Review "Two Faces of Childhood Nutrition" page 607.

Which is NOT a major category of lipids? - Emulsifier - Sterol - Phospholipid - Triglyceride

Emulsifier Emulsifiers help fat mix with water as part of lipid digestion. Emulsifiers aren't a major category of lipids. Review "How Are Fats Useful in the Body?" page 161 and packet page S-5.1

A study conducted in several contries where a high intake of fish and a low intake of animal fat were correlated with a low rate of breast cancer death is an example of a(n): - Epidemiological study - Case study - Intervention study - Blind experiment

Epidemiological study Correct! Epidemiological studies are studies of whole populations that can reveal a correlation

Which nutrient provides the most calories per gram? - Alcohol - Protein - Carbohydrate - Fat

Fat Correct! Fat has 9 Kcal/g.

Which statement is NOT true regarding absorption and transport of nutrients? - Fiber is absorbed into the blood stream and transported to the liver before being delivered throughout the body - Lymphatic vessels initially transport most of the products of fat digestion, delivering these nutrients later to the blood stream - Microvilli greatly enlarge the surface area of the small intestine to facilitate efficient nutrient absorption

Fiber is absorbed into the blood stream and transported to the liver before being delivered throughout the body Correct! Most fiber is excreted with the feces. Some fiber is digested by bacteria in the large intestine; however, fiber is not absorbed the small chained fatty acids from fiber digestion is absorbed.

Which of the following stabilizes bones and makes teeth resistant to decay? - Calcium - Fluoride - Zinc - Iodine

Fluoride Correct! Fluoride is the mineral that stabilizes bone and strengthens teeth. Review "Fluoride" pages 326-327 as needed.

Which of the following statements is true concerning the GRAS list? - Foods on the list are not subject to revision - Foods on the list are monitored by the USDA - Foods on the list have no known hazards - Foods on the list must be highlighted on ingredient labels

Foods on the list have no known hazards Correct! Foods on the GRAS list describe foods with no known hazards. Review "Regulations Governing Additives, The GRAS List" page 500

Which food would likely be safest to eat? - Raw seafood - Fried egg with a runny yolk - Fresh tree fruit that has been bruised - Frozen meat that has been thawed at room temperature

Fresh tree fruit that has been bruised Correct! Fresh tree fruit that is bruised posed little food safety risk. Produce with increased risk includes produce grown close to the ground which can be contaminated with bacteria. Review pages 482-484, "Which Foods are Most Likely to Cause Illness?"

Which of these is a significant source of potassium? - Pork sausage - Fruits and vegetables - Processed foods - Wheat flour

Fruits and vegetables Correct! Fruits and vegetables are the richest sources of potassium

Which statement is NOT accurate regarding nutrition for adolescents? - Girls' need for iron increases due to menstruation, but boys do not need extra iron. - For many teens, sugar-sweetened beverages displace foods and beverages containing calcium. - Skipping breakfast leads to a lower overall intake of nutritious foods. - Parents have an important role in creating a food environment that encourages nutritious eating.

Girls' need for iron increases due to menstruation, but boys do not need extra iron ** Calcium intake must be high to support peak bone mass during adolescence. Adolescents report drinking sugary drinks instead of milk. Review "Nutrient Needs" page 576.

Which of the following is a monosaccharide? - Starch - Glucagon - Lactose - Glucose

Glucose Correct! Glucose is the most common single sugar. Review "Sugars" pages 115-116.

What is the primary source of fuel used during the first minutes of exercise? - Amino acids - Fatty acids - Glycogen - Ketone bodies

Glycogen ** At the beginning of exercise, muscle glycogen provides most of the body's energy for action. Glucose quickly yields energy for fast action. Review" Glucose: A Major Fuel for Physical Activity" pages 385-386.

Which is NOT recommended about carbohydrate intake? - Eat half of your grains as whole grains - Consume 45-65% of your total calories from carbohydrate - Go on a low carbohydrate diet to help lose weight and keep it off - Have no more than 1/2 of your daily fruit intake as juice

Go on a low carbohydrate diet to help lose weight and keep it off Correct answer! Dieters would benefit from eating carbohydrate-rich foods while paying attention to total calories to lose weight. Review "Finding the Carbohydrate in Foods" page 147.

Characteristics of a legitimate and qualified nutrition expert include: - Graduation from a university after completing a program of dietetics - Completion of a medical degree - Use of the term "nutritionist" after the individual's name - Completion of a certificate in nutrition from a correspondence program

Graduation from a university after completing a program of dietetics Correct! Qualified nutrition experts complete at least a BS degree in nutrition from an accredited college or university.

Which is NOT a source of folate? - Enriched cereal - Raw spinach - Cooked beans - Grilled Chicken

Grilled chicken Correct! Food sources of folate include enriched cereal, leafy greens, legumes, beans. Review "Folate" pages 271-272.

What is a beneficial reason for purchasing organic fresh fruits and vegetables rather than conventionally grown foods? - They are fresher than conventional foods. - They are guaranteed to be free of pesticides. - They have a higher nutrient content than conventional foods. - Growing methods minimize harm to the environment.

Growing methods minimize harm to the environment. Correct! Growers of organic foods use sustainable techniques to minimize harm to the environment. Review "A Consumer's Guide to Understanding Organic Foods" pages 493-494

In the USDA Food Patterns, one ounce of meat is equal to all of the following EXCEPT: - One ounce of fish - Half of an ounce of nuts - One egg - Half of a cup of cooked legumes

Half of a cup of cooked legumes Correct! ¼ cup legumes = 1 oz protein foods

How does living in a food desert impact diet? People: - Cannot receive adequate hydration. - Have limited access to fresh food. - Are able to achieve food security. - Cannot get enough calories to satisfy energy needs.

Have limited access to fresh food. Correct! A food desert refers to areas that have limited access to affordable and nutritious food. Review "Food Poverty in the United States" page 602.

Which of the following recommendation is most appropriate to help a 6-year-old obese boy prevent weight gain? - The parent should place him on a weight-reduction diet. - He should carry a refillable water bottle with him to drink instead of soft drinks. - He should skip breakfast to decrease daily caloric intake. - The parent should eliminate all snacks from his diet.

He should carry a refillable water bottle with him to drink instead of soft drinks. Correct! Review Controversy 13 pages 555-557.

Which statement is accurate about energy and nutrient needs during pregnancy? - A pregnant woman is eating for two, so she should eat twice as much food compared to pre-pregnancy. - High nutrient requirements during pregnancy leave little room for empty calories so eating a balanced diet is important. - Pregnant women should meet their increased calorie needs with energy dense foods such as extra desserts. - Protein needs increase enough so that most pregnant women should ingest a protein supplement.

High nutrient requirements during pregnancy leave little room for empty calories so eating a balanced diet is important. Correct! A pregnant woman must make careful food choices while her body maximizes nutrient absorption and minimizes nutrient losses. Review "Increased Need for Nutrients" page 521.

Which accurately describes the health concerns of diabetes? - If poorly controlled, it can damage major organs and tissues in the body - It only affects a small number of people compared to other chronic diseases - Type 1 diabetes can be prevented by controlling sugar intake - Type 2 diabetes is not seen in children so it is not of concern for them

If poorly controlled, it can damage major organs and tissues in the body

Which would NOT be a predictor for malnutrition among elderly people? - Economic hardship - Increased social interaction - Multiple medications - Tooth loss

Increased social interaction Correct! Increased social interaction isn't a characteristic to predict elderly malnutrition. Review Table 14-18 page 589.

Which nutrient deficiency is of particular concern in female athletes? - Magnesium - Iron - Vitamin E - Zinc

Iron Correct! With insufficient iron, aerobic work capacity is compromised and the athlete tires easily. Female athletes may be at risk of iron deficiency with low intakes, high iron losses through menstruation, and the high demands of physical performance. Review "Iron-A Mineral of Concern" page 409.

Which of the following is NOT a function of vitamin C? - It acts as an antioxidant - It maintains ability to see in dim light - It helps produce and maintain collagen - It promotes iron absorption

It maintains ability to see in dim light ** This is a function of Vitamin A. Vitamin C acts as an antioxidant, maintains collagen, and promotes iron absorption. Review "Roles of Vitamin C" pages 261-262.

During fasting, which of the following increases in the blood to help fuel the brain? - Amino acids - Ghrelin - Ketone Bodies - Leptin

Ketone Bodies Correct! With depleted glycogen, the brain doesn't have glucose for fuel. To prevent the body tissues being used as fuel, fat is converted into ketone bodies that the brain can use as energy. Review "The Body's Response to Energy Deficit" page 362-363.

Which of the following molecules are produced when carbohydrates are not available? - Amino acids - Glucose fragments - Glycogen bodies - Ketone bodies

Ketone bodies

Which behavior is LEAST likely to be associated with food INSECURITY? - Cutting meals to make the food last through the month - Eating fewer meals due to lack of money - Lack of energy to shop for food - Getting food from the food bank

Lack of energy to shop for food Having access to food and eating often is not characteristic of food insecurity. Review "Food Poverty in the United States" pages 600-602.

Which is NOT a health benefit associated with more dietary fats coming from omega-3 than omega-6 sources? - Lower blood pressure - Less formation of undesirable blood clots - Reduce inflammation - Longer endurance during exercise

Longer endurance during exercise ** Health benefits of omega-3 fatty acids involve heart health and brain/vision development in infants. Review "Health Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids" page 179.

Which of the following groups in the USDA Food Pattern is most likely to provide protein? - Fruits - Grains - Milk - Vegetables

Milk Correct! The milk (dairy) group and the protein foods group are the two food groups with a significant source of protein.

Which characteristic of a healthy diet provides limits to avoid excess? - Adequacy - Balance - Moderation - Variety

Moderation Correct! Moderation means to provide foods and nutrients within set limits, not to excess

What is a characteristic of fat-soluble vitamins? - Travels freely in watery fluids - Readily excreted in urine - Needed in periodic doses - Toxicities are unlikely

Needed in periodic doses ** Because they are stored, fat-soluble vitamins are not needed every day, but with a sufficient eating pattern. Review "Two Classes of Vitamins: Fat-Soluble and Water-Soluble" page 243 and table 7-2.

Which part of an amino acid is excreted in the urine? - Carbon - Hydrogen - Nitrogen - Oxygen

Nitrogen Correct! When amino acids are used for energy, the Nitrogen groups are sent to the kidneys for excretion. Review "Providing Energy and Glucose" page 215-216.

A 2-year-old toddler goes on periodic food jags in which she will eat only one or two favorite foods. Should her parents be concerned about her nutritional status? - Yes, because she will develop lifelong habits of rejecting many foods. - No, because her behavior is common among toddlers and is generally short lived. - Yes, because she may not get adequate iron intake from the foods she selects. - No, because it will keep her from becoming overweight.

No, because her behavior is common among toddlers and is generally short lived. Correct! Review "Mealtimes and Snacktimes" page 563.

A body mass index of 26.2 in an adult indicates: - Underweight - Normal weight - Overweight - Obese

Overweight Correct! A BMI between 25 and 29.9 would be classified as overweight. Review "Using the Body Mass Index (BMI)" page 352.

Which technology is generally used to kill disease-causing microorganisms in milk? - Genetic engineering - Irradiation - Modified atmosphere packaging - Pasteurization

Pasteurization Correct! Pasteurization is a process that heats milk to kill most disease-causing organisms. Review "Food Safety from Farm to Plate" page 473

Half of the subjects in a study are given a drink with extra whey protein and the other half are given a drink without whey protein and both groups' muscle strength is monitored. The drink without the whey protein is called a(n): - Experimental group - Correlation - Placebo - Case-control study

Placebo Correct! Placebo is a sham treatment used in scientific studies

As a college student, what strategy could you use to eat well on a budget? - Shop when you are hungry and use coupons - Plan menus and write a grocery list - Choose convenience foods that are quickly prepared - Center meals on meat and eggs

Plan menus and write a grocery list Correct! By planning ahead and buying what you will use, this reduces waste and saves money.

Kim is wondering how she can decrease her chances of dental caries. What is the best advice for her? - Avoid eating sugary and sour foods and drinks - Practice good oral hygiene and brush teeth after eating - Drink vitamin water several times during the day - Use bactericide-containing mouthwash after each meal or snack

Practice good oral hygiene and brush teeth after eating. ** Foods that most likely contribute to dental caries are sticky, carbohydrate-rich foods. The best thing Kim can do to personally protect against dental caries is simple oral hygiene. Review "Dental Caries" page 572.

What is the recommended folate intake for a 22 year old pregnant female? (use the chart on the first page of your book to answer this question OR if using the e-book use Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) found after the appendix in the chapter table of contents): - RDA of 600 ug - RDA of 600 mg - RDA of 400 ug - Al of 400 mg - Al of 600 ug

RDA of 600 ug Correct! The DRI table shows folate as an RDA, not an AI. The amount is in micrograms. The following abbreviations all mean microgram: mcg, ug, µg.

Which of these foods will promote the absorption of non-heme iron in a meal? - Red meat - Cottage cheese - Onions - Enriched bread

Red Meat ** Meat, fish, and poultry promote the absorption of non-heme iron from other foods. Vitamin C also improves absorption of non-heme iron. Review "Iron" page 320.

A young woman wanting to build maximum bone density should do all of the following EXCEPT: - Reduce her intake of protein - Reduce her sodium intake - Limit her intake of regular cola drinks - Participate in regular weight-bearing exercise

Reduce her intake of protein Correct! Reducing sodium and caffeine, regularly participating in weight-bearing exercise, and getting enough protein are all important to protect against losing bone density. Review "Osteoporosis: Can Lifestyle Choices Reduce the Risk?" page 337.

In addition to providing optimum nutrition, which is a benefit of breastfeeding to the child? - Reduced risk of infection - Decreased preference for sweet foods - Increased weight gain - Sleeping through the night

Reduced risk of infection Correct! Breast milk contains immune factors that can reduce the risk of infection in infants. Review Table 13-9 page 540.

Which dietary intake, if reduced, is most likely to decrease the need for hypertension medications? - Cholesterol - Fat - Red meat - Salt

Salt Correct! Salt affects hypertension the most. As salt intake increases, so does blood pressure. Review "Risk Factors for Hypertension" page 446

Which food contains cholesterol? - Avocados - Corn flakes - Olives - Shrimp

Shrimp Correct! Cholesterol is found in animal products. Review "What Does Food Cholesterol Have to Do with Blood Cholesterol?" page 176.

Which condition's onset is NOT related to nutrition? - Heart Disease - Hypertension - Sickle Cell Anemia - Susceptibility to disease

Sickle Cell Anemia Correct! Sickle Cell Anemia is a purely genetic disease

Which organ is the major site of digestion and absorption? - Colon - Esophagus - Small Intestine - Stomach

Small Intestine Correct! The small intestine if the major site of the digestion of food and absorption of nutrients.

Which is accurate about the health benefits of moderate alcohol consumption? - It lowers all-cause mortality, starting in young adulthood - It reduced blood pressure in the elderly - Red wine intake is more effective than grape juice in promoting health - Some studies show a reduced risk of heart attacks

Some studies show a reduced risk of heart attacks Correct! Some studies report a positive association between moderate drinking and reduced risk of heart attacks, strokes, and diabetes.

All of the following factors are associated with a higher basal metabolic rate EXCEPT: - Fever - Starvation - Stress - Youth

Starvation ** Fever, stress, and youth are associated with a higher BMR, while starvation is associated with a lower BMR. Review Table 9-3 "Factors that affect the BMR" page 350.

If folate is missing in the first few weeks of pregnancy, what may be the outcome? - The baby may be born with a low-birth weight - The baby may be delivered by caesarean section - The baby may have abnormal lung development - The baby may have a neural tube defect

The baby may have a neural tube defect Correct! The neural tube closes in the first few weeks of pregnancy. If folate is missing during this time, the baby may be born with a neural tube defect. Review "Increased Need for Nutrients, Of Special Interest: Folate and Vitamin B12" pages 522-523.

The more processed a food: - The more sodium it contains - The more magnesium it contains - The less iron it contains - The less zinc it contains

The more sodium it contains Correct! The biggest source of sodium is processed and fast foods. Review "Sodium" pages 314-315.

When determining the amounts of food to eat from each group in the USDA Food Guide each day, you need to remember that: - The recommended amounts will vary, depending on age, physical activity, and gender. - On days you exercise you should consume much more protein to sustain muscle growth. - Only nutrient dense items contribute to each food group. - Foods from each food group must be consumed at each meal.

The recommended amounts will vary, depending on age, physical activity, and gender. Correct! Calories levels for each eating pattern are based on gender, age, and physical activity.

How can nutrient supplements be dangerous to overall health? - They can cause muscles to grow at an unhealthy rate - They can increase antioxidant activity - The supplement may contain toxic levels of the nutrient it provides

The supplement may contain toxic levels of the nutrient it provides ** This isn't true of antioxidant supplements. Supplements could add excess nutrients in harmful amounts. Review Controversy 7 pages 285-287.

Which aspect of vegetarian diets is correlated with lower heart disease risks? - They are high in energy. - They are high in EPA and DHA. - They are low in fiber. - They are low in saturated fat.

They are low in saturated fat. ** EPA and DHA are found in high amounts in seafood, which isn't typically consumed by vegetarians. Review Controversy 6, pages 232-234.

Which of the following statements is NOT true about the DRI? - The committee that publishes them is comprised of nutrition experts. - They are minimum requirements, not recommendations. - They are based on a review of available scientific research. - They are for individuals who are healthy.

They are minimum requirements, not recommendations. Correct! DRI are recommended intakes, not minimums. See "Dietary Reference Intakes" pages 32-35.

Which is a common characteristic of persons with anorexia nervosa? - Their BMI is in the healthy range - They tend to be perfectionists - They are unfamiliar with the calorie content of foods - They fall asleep easily

They tend to be perfectionists Correct! Many people with anorexia nervosa have an obsession with perfection in all areas, which could translate to an obsession in weight. Review "Controversy 9: The Perils of Eating Disorders" pages 385-386.

The main function of vitamin K is: - To act as an antioxidant in cell membranes - To help absorb iron - To help synthesize blood clotting proteins - To influence body functions through gene regulation

To help synthesize blood clotting proteins Correct! Vitamin K's main function is to activate proteins that help clot the blood. Review "Roles of Vitamin K" pages 258-259.

Which of the following is the most accurate statement about the body's need for water? - The reference man and woman both need equal amounts of fluid intake - All water must come from beverages because foods don't contain enough water to contribute to intake - Fluid needs for an individual are consistent from day to day - Too much plain water consumption can cause a dangerous condition known as water intoxication

Too much plain water consumption can cause a dangerous condition known as water intoxication Correct! Water intoxication is a dangerous dilution of the body's fluids from ingestion of too much plain water. Review "The Body's Water Balance" and "How Much Water Do I need to Drink in a Day?" pages 296-298.

Waist circumference is a measurement of: - Visceral fatness - Gynoid obesity - Subcutaneous fat - Total body fatness

Visceral fatness Correct! Waist circumference gives measurements around the abdominal region, which indicates central obesity. Visceral fat results in central obesity.

Which vitamin cannot be absorbed when the intrinsic factor is lacking? - Niacin - Thiamin - Vitamin B6 - Vitamin B12

Vitamin B12 Correct! Intrinsic factor is needed for Vitamin B12 absorption. Review "Vitamin B12" page 273 as needed.

Which is true about complementary proteins? - They are found mostly in meat products. - They are low in calories. - They must be eaten at the same meal. - When combined they provide all the essential amino acids.

When combined they provide all the essential amino acids. Correct! The combination of a variety of protein foods will contain all the essential amino acids. Review "Protein Quality" pages 222-223.

You are working with a child in a health clinic who has growth retardation, impaired immunity, and a poor appetite. This child is most likely experiencing a deficiency of: - Iron - Chromium - Zinc - Magnesium

Zinc Correct! Zinc deficiency symptoms include growth retardation, impaired immune function, and loss of appetite. Review "Zinc" pages 324-325.

Which statement is accurate? - Iodine is needed to carry oxygen in the blood - Sodium mineralizes bone to provide strength - Zinc regulates gene expression in a cell - Iron acts as an antioxidant in the body

Zinc regulates gene expression in a cell Correct! Review "Zinc" pages 324-325.

What is a potential effect of chronic malnutrition? - a tall, thin body - disproportionate body parts - saggy, loose skin on the body - growth stunting

growth stunting Correct! Chronic malnutrition is characterized in children by short height for age, stunting. Review "Two Faces of Childhood Malnutrition" pages 607-608.

The amount of breast milk a woman produces primarily depends on: - her fluid intake. - her exercise habits. - the infant's demand. - the infant's weight.

the infant's demand. ** The volume of milk produced depends primarily on the infant's demand for milk. Review "Nutrition during Lactation" page 536.