nicolaus copernicus (1473-1543)
laissez faire
Policy that government should interfere as little as possible in the nation's economy.
adam smith
Scottish economist who wrote the Wealth of Nations a precursor to modern Capitalism.
Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543)
his theories provided the foundation of modern astronomy, the study of planets. earth was center of universe. sun and planets revolves around earth. heliocentric theory
andreas vesalius (1514-1564)
humsn anatomy, he disecfed large numbers of human bodies
galileo galilei (1564-52)
invented telescope, let to important astronomical discoveries . celestial bodies (moon,planets, stars) are perfect spheres made up of a type of gas called ether
free market
market regulated by the natural laws of supply and demand
some enlightened thinkers believed that the best form of government was a
monarchy
john locke
people are good, have natural rights. government of limited power is best
rousseau
philosopher, writer, composer
william harvey (1578-1657)
physiology, human bodies function. before experiments belief was food is turned into blood in the heart . people refused to believe that arteries and veins carried the blood to and from the heart, which acts like a pump
censorship
president can make laws without permission from anyone else
frederick the great of prussia was an enlightenment and gave his people
religious freedom and improved schooling & reformed the justice system
serfdom
Institution in which a peasant is attached to a feudal estate.
johannes kepler
Laws of planetary motion
state of nature
Life with complete freedom, no rules, and no government
consent of the governed
an agreement where citizens give up some rights in exchange for government protection
social contract
an agreement where citizens give up some rights in exchange for government protection
free enterprise system
an economic system where government places very few restrictions on the types of business activities or ownership in which citizens participate
tycho brahe
astronomer, known for his accurate & comprehensive astronomical & planetary observations.
isaac newton (1643-1727)
astronomy engineering physics. the same force that pulls an object to earth , keeps the moon and planets in orbit around the sun. accepted by other scientists
heliocentric
based on the belief that the sun is in the middle of the universe
natural law
be used to solve society's problems and sparked the enlightenment
montesquieu
developed ideas of separation of powers and checks and balances and thought government should be divided into separate branches
francis bacon & rene descartes
devoted to understanding how the truth was determined
joseph II of australia
ended serfdom but after he died nobles who owned the lands undid the reform
rulers who followed enlightenment ideas in part but were unwilling to give up much power were called
enlightenment depots
french thinkers like physiocrats
focused on economic reforms and claimed that their rational economic system was based on the natural laws of economics
robert boyle 1627-1691
founder of modern chemistry
philosophe
french thinker who desired reform in society durning the enlightenment
how did the discoveries of Copernicus and other astronomers affect the way people viewed the universe?
their observations proved the world was heliocentric
Thomas Hobbes
thinks people are cruel and selfish , needed to be controlled by absolute monarchy, social contracts
voltaire
writer, historian, and philosopher. freedom of speech and separation of church and state
