NUTR 701 Final

An ice cream store serves ice cream with a #8 scoop. How many ounces of ice cream is in a double-scoop cone? 8 oz 6 oz 12 oz 4 oz

8

How much does a Full Time Equivalent (FTE) work hours/day? How much does a Full Time Equivalent (FTE) work hours/week? How much does a Full Time Equivalent (FTE) work hours/year?

8 hours/day 40 hours/week 2,080 hours/year

Which of the following microorganisms is known as the "cafeteria bug" and results in symptoms of nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea within 6-24 hours after ingestion? A. Shigellosis B. Clostridium perfringens C. Ciguatoxin D. Escherichia coli

B. Clostridium perfringens

For children over the age of 2, a BMI-for-age above the _______ indicates obesity. a. 85th percentile b. 90th percentile c. 95th percentile d. 98th percentile

c. 95th percentile

1. Which of the following foods is the best source of omega-3 fatty acids? a. Shrimp b. Anchovies c. Sardines d. Olive oil

c. Sardines

Which of the following phytochemicals should be recommended for a woman at risk of breast cancer? a. Polyphenols b. Soy c. Thiols d. Lignans

Lignans **phytochemicals present in flaxseed, but not in flax oil, that are converted to phytosterols by intestinal bacteria and are under study as possible anticancer agents.

Which of the following hepatic transport proteins has the shortest half-life? Creatinine Blood urea nitrogen Retinol-binding protein Transferrin

Retinol-binding protein

What act brought changes to the regulations that define what is required on a food label? A. The Nutrition Labeling and Education Act of 1990 B. National Nutrition Monitoring and Related Research Act C. Labeling of Food Act D. Partnership for a Healthier America Act

The Nutrition Labeling and Education Act of 1990 this required nutritional labeling of almost all foods covered by the FDA with a specific layout and content that reflects consumers' dietary concerns for chronic disease prevention

Your fiscal year ends on December 31st. With the following information, what is your inventory turnover ratio? Annual sales for the year: $582,130 Average inventory value: $145,500 Annual cost of goods sold: $360,980 a. 2.48 b. 1.52 c. 1.21 d. 4.00

The inventory turnover ratio is calculated by dividing the cost of goods sold by average inventory for the same period $360,980 / $145,500 = 2.48 a. 2.48

2% milk is placed in a medium with a pH of 4.6. What effect will the pH have on the milk? The lactose will crystallize The milk will form a curd The milk will become homogenized The milk will become pasteurized

The milk will form a curd

1. How many calories are in 300ml of a 5% dextrose solution? a.51 b.60 c.15 d.200

(5 g dextrose/100ml)(300ml)(3.4kcal/g) = 51

A patient is in the ICU and being treated for severe burns. This patient just underwent an extensive skin graft procedure. Which of the following lab values would be least effective in determining this patient's nutrition status? Albumin Retinol binding protein Transferrin All of these choices would be equal in accessing

Albumin Albumin and prealbumin are very poor indicators of nutritional status. They lack sensitivity, specificity, and reliability During times of acute inflammation, concentrations of albumin and prealbumin are reduced (negative acute phase) , while production of proteins like C-reactive protein are increased. So, during times of acute inflammation, the liver reprioritizes protein production, and albumin and prealbumin are downregulated.- so they are good for inflammation but not nutrition status.

1) The normal limits for sodium are 135-145 mEq/dL. Your patient has a sodium level of 128 mEq/dL. What could this value indicate in your patient? a. Ascites b. Dehydration c. Refeeding syndrome d. Trauma

Ascites must have fluid overload if electrolyte values are low

Which of the following sweeteners provides 4 kcal of energy per gram? Aspartame Sucralose Stevia acesulfame-K

Aspartame

You are working with a client who is currently getting cancer treatment and is experiencing ongoing diarrhea. Which of the following recommendations is most likely to help decrease diarrhea? Avoid raw fruits and vegetables Consume sugar alcohols Increase physical activity Take fiber supplements

Avoid raw fruits and vegetables

All of the following are potential strategies to recommend for patients with dumping syndrome, except Consuming at least 16 ounces of fluids with meals Avoiding sugary foods Lying down and avoiding activity after eating Avoid dairy products

Consuming at least 16 ounces of fluids with meals because liquids enter the jejunum rapidly, liquids with meals may not be tolerated. fluids should be limited during meals, and consumed in between meals in small amounts

A prep-cook changes gloves after forming burger patties and before slicing cheese for the cheeseburgers. Which of the following is the prep-cook most likely avoiding by changing gloves? Cross contamination Contamination Cross connection Biological contamination

Cross contamination **Cross contamination = the spreading of pathogens from one food to another

1. Which of the following is not a communication skill for educating with cultural competency? a. Cultural awareness b. Asking questions c. Affirming d. Reflective listening

Cultural awareness

Polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia make up the "three P's" in which medical condition? Diabetes Acute renal failure Vitamin B6 deficiency Pancreatitis

Diabetes

A complication of uncontrolled diabetes, caused by overeating of carbohydrates and omission of an insulin regimen may result in: a. Diabetic ketoacidosis b. Reactive hypoglycemia c. Acute hypoglycemia d. Dawn phenomenon

Diabetic ketoacidosis

In management, the planning function involves all of the following except: a. Developing policies b. Defining procedures c. Dividing work d. Writing rules

Dividing work

Which of the following foods would you recommend to a patient with celiac disease? a. Buckwheat b. Bran c. Triticale d. Barley

a. Buckwheat

1) Which of the following is the least likely to be a recommendation you give to a patient with esophagitis to help decrease his symptoms? a. Have a peppermint after each meal. b. Do not eat within 3-4 hours of going to bed c. Have 5 to 6 smaller meals per day instead of 3 larger ones. d. Avoid high fat foods.

a. Have a peppermint after each meal.

Nutritional prescription for a patient with cardiac cachexia includes: a. Low sodium, low saturated fat, low cholesterol, high calorie b. <1 liter fluid, low sodium c. Restricted calorie, 0.8g protein/kg, fluid restriction d. Normal protein, follow DASH diet

a. Low sodium, low saturated fat, low cholesterol, high calorie

The chicken salad is a popular item on the menu, however it is consistently not meeting the correct temperature. As the manager, what would you do to improve upon the temperature? (Ref # 1024; Domain I) a. Store the chicken salad at a lower, cooler temperature for a longer period of time b. Chill the ingredients before making the salad on premises c. After making the chicken salad, store it in the freezer, and thaw small amounts at a time for service d.Order frozen chicken salad

a. Store the chicken salad at a lower, cooler temperature for a longer period of time

Which of the following is an example of tertiary prevention? a. Therapeutic lifestyle changes for a patient with diagnosed coronary heart disease b. Statin prescription for a patient with dyslipidemia but not heart disease c. Annual mammograms for a patient with a high genetic risk of breast cancer d. School policy to increase physical activity among elementary and middle-school students

a. Therapeutic lifestyle changes for a patient with diagnosed coronary heart disease **Tertiary prevention involves the prevention of complications in people who have already developed disease, and in whom disease prevention is no longer an option. For these patients, the goal of tertiary prevention is to maximize the outcomes and prevent further morbidity from the disease process.

Which of the following should not be decreased to treat peptic ulcers? Coffee Alcohol Spices Fermented foods

Fermented foods

1. Metabolic acidosis may be caused by: a. Uncontrolled diabetes b. Anxiety c. CVA d. Hyperventilation

a. Uncontrolled diabetes

1. Which of the following does not fit the FDA definition of a dietary supplement? a. Vitamin C cream to be applies to the skin b. Protein powder to be made into a shake c. Probiotics capsules d. Turmeric tablets

a. Vitamin C cream to be applies to the skin

In the nutrition assessment, the RD should be aware that obesity is associated with certain markers for coronary heart disease, including all the following EXCEPT: a. elevated sodium and potassium b. low grade inflammatory state c. C-reactive protein d. cytokines

a. elevated sodium and potassium

Hemodialysis requires supplementation of: a. pyridoxine, folic acid, 1-25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 b. pyridoxine, folic and vitamin A c. vitamin C, calcium, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 d. vitamin C, calcium and vitamin A

a. pyridoxine, folic acid, 1-25-dihydroxyvitamin D3

1. At your first counseling session with a new patient, you should: (264) a. Tell him you have to change his diet b. Find out what he eats c. Give him instructional materials d. Teach him meal exchanges

b. Find out what he eats

The number of individuals in a population diagnosed with a specific condition during a specific time is the: a. Prevalence b. Incidence c. Rate of the condition d. Duration of the condition

b. Incidence

Which of the following groups would most likely order a bacon cheeseburger with French fries on a Friday in March? a. Roman Catholics b. Mormons c. Those who keep Kosher d. Muslims

b. Mormons muslims do not eat pork (I .e. the bacon)... and catholics would be observing lent on fridays in march... for kosher, Meat and dairy cannot be eaten together.

The NCPM is designed for use with all EXCEPT: a. clients b. RDs c. groups d. patients

b. RDs (Nutrition Care Process Model)

Results of a three day food record were obtained in June and agaian three months later. What is this called? a. Variability b. Reliability c. Sensitivity d. Specificity

b. Reliability

Gluconeogenesis is the: a. catabolism of carbohydrate b. creation of glucose from glycerol and amino acids c. breakdown of glycogen releasing glucose d. creation of glycogen

b. creation of glucose from glycerol and amino acids

1. A serum sodium level of 150 mEq/L indicates: a. sepsis b. dehydration c. hypertension d. hyperglycemia

b. dehydration

When should you provide nutrition counseling to an AIDS patient? a. when nausea and vomiting become problems b. immediately upon diagnosis c. when diarrhea occurs d . no counseling is needed

b. immediately upon diagnosis

A 6'2" male, large frame, 230 lbs. with Type II diabetes should: a. gain 5 lbs. to be at desirable body weight b. lose 20 lbs. slowly following balanced diet c. lose 20 lbs. in 4 weeks on an 800 calorie diet d. lose 10 lbs. slowly by following a balanced diet

b. lose 20 lbs. slowly following balanced diet

A 50 bed hospital has limited kitchen space for refrigeration, dry storage and food production. The most appropriate type of menu is: a. restaurant style b. nonselective c. selective d. single-use

b. nonselective

A 50 bed hospital has limited kitchen space for refrigeration, dry storage and food production. The most appropriate type of menu is: a. restaurant style b. nonselective c. selective d. single-use

b. nonselective

When developing educational plans, when do you plan the evaluation criteria? a. Before implementation of the plan b. Do it before you plan anything else c. Plan evaluation criteria at each step in the process d. Plan it just before you offer the program

c. Plan evaluation criteria at each step in the process

The ______ describes how well the current American diet aligns with the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. a. Diet Quality Index b. Healthy Diet Indicator c. Mediterranean Diet Score d. Healthy Eating Index

d. Healthy Eating Index

1. What type of pasteurization results in a shelf-stable product that does not require refrigeration? a. High temperature short-time b. Higher-heat shorter-time c. Ultra-pasteurization d. Ultra-high temperature

d. Ultra-high temperature

What nutrient would you recommend to a leukemia patient and why? a. Calcium to inhibit bine resorption b. Vitamin E to ward off tumors c. Vitamin K to synthesize bacteria d. Vitamin C to support immune function

d. Vitamin C to support immune function

In cystic fibrosis, the most impaired nutrient is: a. protein b. disaccharides c. electrolytes d. fat

d. fat In CF, the mucus is often thick and sticky, causing pancreatic insufficiency && People have trouble absorbing fats, which means they have trouble absorbing vitamins that need fat to be absorbed -- A, D, E, and K.

A food service operates with a 35% food cost. If a menu item has a raw food cost of $1.25, and it takes an employee 45 minutes at $6.00 an hour to prepare, what is the traditional selling price? $2.75 $3.25 $2.50 $3.58

100/35 *1.25 =3.58

Upon initial assessment of a patient, you read in the chart that she is "lactose sensitive". Which dairy food could you try with the patient before giving in supplementation in order to meet her calcium needs? 2 oz cheddar cheese ½ cup cottage cheese ½ cup yogurt 4 oz tofu

2 oz cheddar cheese

How much daily fiber does a 10-year old require? 26 grams 10 grams 34 grams 1300mg

26

What temperature range is recommended for a dairy refrigerator? 36-40'F 28-32'F 45-50'F 55-60'F

36-40'F

Which of the following was a change made to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III survey versus earlier NHANES surveys? A disproportionately larger number of adults 60 years and older were sampled A 24-hour food recall was added Participants had physical measurements taken A medical history was taken

A disproportionately larger number of adults 60 years and older were sampled

Maggie's meal prep company wants to determine a selling price for their newest breakfast item, protein buttermilk pancakes. Using the cost-plus pricing method, how much should this item be sold for? Fixed costs: 23% Labor costs: 44% Profit costs: 15% Food cost: $1.87 A. $10.38 B. $2.20 C. $7.49 D. $3.40

A. $10.38 (food cost )/ [100 - (fixed costs + labor costs + profit costs) ] $1.87 / (100) - (23 + 44 + 15) (*23 + 44 + 15 = 82% (total costs)100% - 82% = 18% (or .18) $1.87/.18 = $10.38

Esophageal varices occur when: The liver expands and pressure causes fluid to enter the peritoneal cavity Blood cannot leave the liver Blood cannot enter the liver Connective tissue overgrowth blocks blood flow into vena cava

Blood cannot enter the liver → Esophageal varices occur when blood cannot enter the liver because connective tissue overgrowth causes resistance to blood from the portal vein. This pressure forces blood back into the collateral veins, enlarging the esophageal, abdominal, and collateral veins. This occurs in people with advanced liver disease. Ascites occurs when blood cannot leave the liver because connective tissue overgrowth blocks blood flow from the liver to the vena cava. As a result, the liver expands and pressure forces fluid into the peritoneal cavity, and more protein-containing fluid is drawn in, causing sodium and water retention

You are conducting a fun little experiment on the changes of color to various fruits and vegetables when acid or alkaline solutions come in contact with the food. What do you expect the color to be when lemon juice is added to red cabbage? Bright red White Brown Yellow

Bright red

Jessica has worked at a home health company as a full-time RD for 90 days. Her manager, Michelle, provides feedback using the behaviorally anchored rating scale. Which of the following has Michelle been tracking to provide this feedback? A. Subjective ratings B. Jessica's self-assessments C. Critical incidents D. Merit ratings

C. Critical incidents The BARS method of performance evaluation builds on a concept called the Critical Incident Method. The Critical Incident Method is a performance evaluation method that relies on a manager's records of important or notable situations and employee responses

What gas is released from a grease fire? Helium Carbon monoxide Hydrogen Carbon dioxide

Carbon monoxide

What advice would you give to a person complaining of symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease? Eat small meals with high-fat snacks Eat low-fat, high-protein meals Chew spearmint gum Use pepper instead of salt for seasoning

Eat low-fat, high-protein meals

abnormal green pigment formed when cooked in an alkaline medium (adding baking soda to green vegetables to make them bright green) Solanine Solanum tuberosum Chlorophyllin Pheophytin

Chlorophyllin

1. The cafeteria served green beans for lunch starting at 11am. By 1pm, the remaining green beans had become overooked and mushy. What pigment is found in the green beans at 1pm? a. Chlorophyll b. Pheophytin c. Chlorophyllin d. Chlorophyllase

Chlorophyllin bright green in alkaline (mushy when hemicellulose broken down)

Which of the following scenarios would be an example of psychological interference between a counselor and a client? A. . Counselor asks about the client's consumption of "pop," but the client does not relate "pop" to "soda" B. Counselor and client speak different languages and do not understand each other C. Cell phone receiving text messages when not in silent mode D Client is a self-proclaimed expert on the topic the counselor is discussing

Client is a self-proclaimed expert on the topic the counselor is discussing

1. A client tells his dietitian, "Yes, I really want to try the DASH diet, but I didn't realize all my recipes include salt." Based on the Transtheoretical Model, what stage of change is the client in? a. Contemplation b. Precontemplation c. Action d. Maintenance

Contemplation (stage of change in which people are considering changing behavior in the next 6 months) (precontemplation is when they are unwilling to change!)

Who would be least appropriate to test their body mass index? A healthy middle-aged man College ice hockey player An elderly dementia patient A 14 year old girl with an eating disorder

College ice hockey player Bc athletes dont always have accurate BMI

A manager tells you to focus on "doing things right" and putting in the least amount of time to produce the desired result. What is the manager emphasizing? a. Effectiveness b. Efficiency c. Expediency d. Economy

Efficiency ***Efficiency is defined as the ability to accomplish something with the least amount of wasted time, money, and effort or competency in performance. Effectiveness is defined as the degree to which something is successful in producing a desired result; success.

Which group of people are most susceptible to foodborne illness Elderly Woman Vegans Teenagers

Elderly

1. In a study of the effects of following a low-fat diet on the incidence of breast cancer, women were randomized to follow either their usual dietary pattern, or a low fat diet. This study deign is: a. Descriptive research b. Analytical research c. Cross-sectional d. Qualitative

b. Analytical research

In a study of the effects of following a low-fat diet on the incidence of breast cancer, women were randomized to follow either their usual dietary pattern or a low-fat diet. The study design is: a. Descriptive research b. Analytical research c. Cross-sectional d. Qualitative research

b. Analytical research Analytical research tests hypotheses concerning the effects of specific factors of interest and allows casual associations to be determined

A dietitian who is counseling the mother of a child with eating difficulties has evaluated needs and decided on the best alternatives for feeding. The dietitian should do next: A. Evaluate the mother's level of comprehension B. Instruct the mother in various feeding approaches C. Obtain a list of the child's food preferences and typical eating patterns D. Review with the mother the ways to implement the recommended approaches

D. Review with the mother the ways to implement the recommended approaches rationale: This is the best answer because the dietitian has already evaluated needs and decided on the best alternatives.

1. Which of the following statements is false? a. DNA is translated into proteins b. DNA is made up of genes c. DNA is made up of nucleotides d. Thymine is a nucleotide

DNA is made up of genes - false - made of nucleotides (ACTG & U)

A patient has hyperalbuminemia and hypernatremia, What would you infer about his nutritional intake? Decreased fluid intake Increased protein and salt intake Increased saturated fat intake Decreased medium-chain triglyceride intake

Decreased fluid intake

What management functions should require the greatest allotment of time by a production manager? Directing and controlling Planning and organizing Organizing and directing Organizing and controlling

Directing and controlling

For which of the following would a low-fiber diet not be recommended? Diverticulosis Nausea Ulcerative colitis Diverticulitis

Diverticulosis * here you need high fiber diet! Diverticulosis is a condition in which small, bulging pouches (diverticuli) form inside the lower part of the intestine, usually in the colon. Constipation and straining during bowel movements can worsen the condition. A diet rich in fiber can help keep stools soft and prevent inflammation. (occurs when the pouches in the colon become infected or inflamed. Dietary changes & low fiber can help the colon heal.)

The intake level for a nutrient at which the needs of 50% of population will be met is an example of which dietary guideline? a. RDA b. AI c. TUL d. EAR

EAR

Which law aims to ensure that the U.S. food supply is safe by shifting the focus of federal regulations from responding to contamination to preventing it? The food code HACCP FSMA NSSP

FSMA ** FSMA (Food Safety Modernization Act) = a law that builds a new system of domestic and international controls for detection, prevention, and correction of microbial contamination of US food. NSSP - National Shellfish Sanitation Program= federal seafood safety program used to protect consumers of molluscan shellfish HACCP= Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point = a food safety system that examines the food production process at every point where contamination is possible.

The _______ is a model set by the FDA that provides scientifically-based advice for reducing or preventing foodborne illnesses within foodservice establishments Food Code Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act Current Good Manufacturing Practices Safe and Accurate Food Labeling Act of 2015

Food Code the food code is set by the FDA, backed by current research, creates guidelines for foodservice operations for reducing or preventing foodborne illnesses through production, storage, and handling of products.

Who produces the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI's)? A. WHO B. Food and Nutrition Board C. Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics D. EFNEP

Food and Nutrition Board

Which of the following is a quick diet assessment tool that would be best for a large group or community setting? Diet history 24-hour recall Food frequency questionnaire Food record

Food frequency questionnaire

Which monosaccharide is absorbed using facilitated diffusion? a. Sorbitol b. Glucose c. Galactose d. Fructose

Fructose

Which piece of food service equipment may be restricted by a local law? Garbage disposal Toaster Steam jacketed kettle Convection oven

Garbage disposal

What would you possibly find during a nutrition-focused physical exam in a person with severe vitamin B deficiency? Brittle nails Gray-brown spots on the teeth Glossitis Petechiae

Glossitis

During starvation, the major source of blood glucose is Hepatic glycogenolysis Gluconeogenesis Muscle glycogenolysis Dietary glucose from intestine

Gluconeogenesis

All of the following are considered potential limitations to the nutrition-focused physical exam, except Conducting a nutrition-focused physical exam can be time-consuming Inability to gather subjective data when no family members are present and the patient is unable to communicate The presence of severe edema makes it difficult to assess the patient's change in fat and muscle stores Difficulty in determining changes in fat and muscle stores in obese patients

Inability to gather subjective data when no family members are present and the patient is unable to communicate

A patient with an ileostomy has an increased need for which of the following nutrients? I. Water II. Water-soluble vitamins III. Salt IV. Protein III, IV I, II, IV I, II I, III

I. Water IV. Protein *An Ileostomy is an opening in the belly (abdominal wall) that's made during surgery.... The end of the ileum (the lowest part of the small intestine) is brought through this opening to form a stoma....need more water. increased protein bc of wound healing from surgery.

An employee who was terminated due to poor performance can lead to what benefit to the company? Increase in the morale of the remaining staff Decrease in labor costs with fewer employees on staff Decrease in the direct supervisor's workload Turnover has no benefits to a company since it is costly to replace employees

Increase in the morale of the remaining staff

What adjustment would you need to make to cook pasta in boiling water as altitude increases? a. Increase the cooking time, since the water temperature is lower b. Make no changes, because altitude doesn't impact cooking c. Decrease cooking time, since the water temperature is higher d. Use ore water, since the pasta will absorb more.

Increase the cooking time, since the water temperature is lower

What is the first step in the process of moving a nutrient through the GI tract? a. Ingestion b. Utilization c. Digestion d. Absorption

Ingestion

1. The hydrolysis of sucrose with an acid to form a mixture with equal amounts of fructose and glucose is referred to as what? a. Dextrinization b. Inversion c. Cross-linking d. Gelatinization

Inversion

Which of the following is contraindicated to provide as a supplement for someone with sickle cell disease? Zinc Copper Iron Folate

Iron reasoning: → Iron levels in an individual with sickle cell disease are often high due to blood transfusions they must receive for treatment. Zinc is beneficial for increasing oxygen attachment to blood cells. Copper may be low due to zinc supplementation, so copper supplementation is often beneficial. Folate may also be beneficial.

What is the main purpose of water in the body? a. It maintains electrolyte balance b. It helps transport calcium through cell membranes c. It acts as a medium for cell metabolism d. It maintains body temperature

It acts as a medium for cell metabolism

A nursing home screen asks all newly admitted patients to fill out a form about their body weight, eating habits, living environment, and social status. What type of screen is the nursing home using? MNA GNRI LEVEL I LEVEL II

LEVEL I - The Mini Nutrition Assessment (MNA) tool was developed for people over 65 years. It explores 18 items relating to the patient's medical, lifestyle, dietary, anthropometrical and psychosocial factors. The score indicates patients at risk of or suffering from malnutrition GNRI - The Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index- is a simple and objective screening tool for elderly patients' nutrition-related risk calculated using ALB, present body weight (PBW), and ideal body weight (IBW) Under the NSI, a LEVEL I screen identifies individuals who need a more comprehensive assessment. Under the NSI, a LEVEL II screen provides more specific diagnostic information on nutritional status.

Which of the following parameters should not be reviewed during the nutrition screening process? Past medical history Nutrition diagnosis Weight Labs

Labs

When there is an accumulation of pyruvate from glycolysis and not enough oxygen, what is produced? Lactic acid Acetyl Coa Water Fatty acids

Lactic acid without enough oxygen, anaerobic conditions occur, and excess pyruvate converts to lactic acid .. which can accumulate in the blood, lower pH, and cause fatigue. lactic acid can be transported to the liver, converted to glycogen, and stored for later energy needs.

Which menu item would be appropriate for a patient on a "level 2 dysphagia" diet according to the NDD system? a. Pancakes with syrup b. Apple with smooth peanut butter c. Peanut butter and jelly on white bread d. Ice cream sundae with peanuts and syrup

Level 1. These are foods that are pureed or smooth, like pudding. They need no chewing. ... Level 2. These are moist foods that need some chewing. ... Level 3. This includes soft-solid foods that need more chewing. ... Level 4. This level includes all foods. a. Pancakes with syrup (the most moist option with little chewing)

A vegetarian reports that she consumes the majority of her protein from soybeans and legumes. Which essential amino acid might she be low in? a. Methionine b. Lysine c. Tryptophan d. Phenylalanine

Methionine methionine-rich foods are primarily meats but also dairy, eggs, fish, nuts.

In the NCP, PES stands for: Patient, Estimated, Status Problem, Etiology, Symptoms Principal, Etiology, Signs Problem Evaluation Statement

Problem, Etiology, Symptoms

Dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, pellagra are signs of: a. Thiamin deficiency b. Riboflavin deficiency c. Niacin deficiency d. Pyridoxine deficiency

Niacin ** Niacin (vitamin B3) deficiency results in a condition known as pellagra. Pellagra includes the triad of dermatitis, dementia, and diarrhea

What is the largest contributor to renal solute load? Creatinine Uric acid Nitrogen Ammonia

Nitrogen **Renal solute load refers to all solutes, of endogenous or dietary origin, that require excretion by the kidneys

Which of the following lab results would indicate a diagnosis of diabetes? Non-fasting glucose 250 mg/dL with diabetes symptoms A1C 6.4% Fasting glucose 110 mg/dL A1C 5.7

Nonfasting glucose 250 mg/dL with diabetes symptoms Non fasting glucose <140 mg/dL A1C: Normal: below 5.7% Prediabetes: 5.7 to 6.4% Diabetes: 6.5% +

1. Which has the lowest cholesterol content? a. Roast beef sandwich b. Yogurt with fruit c. Chocolate cake d. Peanut butter and crackers

Peanut butter and crackers a. Roast beef sandwich (meat) b. Yogurt with fruit (full fat dairy) c. Chocolate cake (has butter) Saturated fats — in meat, butter, cheese and other full-fat dairy products — raise your total cholesterol.

In the aging process of fruit, enzymes cause chemical changes and starch changes to sugar. During this process, protopectin is converted to pectin, which is then converted to: Pectic acid Turgor Ethylene gas Pectin acid

Pectic acid why: Ethylene gas accelerates the ripening of fruits during storage, thereby enhancing the process from pectin to pectic acid. Turgor refers to the swelling from osmotic pressure of water-filled vacuoles. Pectin acid is a fabricated term.

Regarding the distribution and production of food served, what would be the best indicator of the overall food quality? Plate waste study Patient feedback survey Sensory analysis of trays prior to departing to patient rooms Analysis of sales records

Plate waste study

What should you do with a client who sits scowling at you during the session? a. Presume she understands what you are saying b. Ask her if she is uncomfortable about the session c. Recognize that new clients are seldom relaxed d. Presume that she just would rather be somewhere else

b. Ask her if she is uncomfortable about the session

Which of the following is the first step in a facility design project? Conduct a feasibility study Organize a planning team Prepare a prospectus Consider the architectural features

Prepare a prospectus (formal proposal)

A patient undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer has developed mouth and throat sores. Which strategy can you attempt with her? A. Provide her with a milkshake served in a glass with a straw B. Provider her with 5-6 small meals per day C. Have her consume her liquids separate from solid food D. Provide her with bland foods

Provide her with a milkshake served in a glass with a straw

Jaclyn has noticed she learns best by observing, imitating, and practicing an activity. Which domain of Bloom's taxonomy does this describe? Psychomotor Affective Cognitive Responding

Psychomotor

A runner was hooked up to a metabolic cart to help determine his energy requirements, and he exercised for 30 minutes while hooked up. The care illustrated his volume of oxygen consumed was 3.22 L/min, and his volume of carbon dioxide expelled was 2.78 L/min. What is the respiratory quotient (RQ)? (Ref # 920; Domain II) a. 0.86 b. 0.44 c. 3.66 d. 0.98

RQ = volume of CO2 / volume of O2 consumed 2.78 / 3.22 = .86 a. 0.86

A tube fed patient developed diarrhea yesterday afternoon. The nursing staff suspected the formula is to blame and stopped the formula immediately. What is the first thing you should do? Recommend the formula be started up again, order a stool sample, and review the patient's medications Change the formula from fiber-containing one to a fiber free formula and continue the regimen Change the administration from a continuous feed to bolus feeding and recommend the formula be started back up Continue the formula administration with a reduced the rate of infusion

Recommend the formula be started up again, order a stool sample, and review the patient's medications

Patients taking antipsychotic medications are at risk of developing which nutrient deficiency? Riboflavin Vitamin K Magnesium Pantothenic acid

Riboflavin (B2) ..why

1. In which of the following conditions would the patient likely be at a normal or above-normal weight? a. Bulimia nervosa b. Stunting c. Anorexia nervosa d. Marasmus

a. Bulimia nervosa

During a nutrition counseling session, a client says "I know you want me to stop eating out, but I'm not ready to do that!". The dietitian responds by saying, "You can see that there are some issues, but you are not willing to think about stopping altogether." Which principle of motivational interviewing is the dietitian using? Roll with resistance Express sympathy Develop discrepancy Avoid argumentation

Roll with resistance

During what stage of life is the gastrointestinal tract microbiome established and stable? a. Infancy b. Childhood c. Adolescence d. Adulthood

b. Childhood

A pediatric patient is diagnosed with petechiae and poor growth rate. Which of the following foods should the patient add to his diet? a. Safflower oil b. Walnuts c. Salmon d. Canola oil

Safflower oil petechiae is small red or purple spots or bruises caused by bleeding into the skin... Safflower oil might slow blood clotting, and help with bruising, and it penetrates the skin

Which of the following may legally occur in the dismissal of an at-will employee but not for an employee who is not at-will? a. Occurs for no reason b. Follows fair procedural process c. Supported by facts d. Is not arbitrary

a. Occurs for no reason

All of the following are true about the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (OSH Act), except Self-employed workers are covered by OSH act The act was passed to prevent workers from being seriously harmed at work Requires employers to let their employees know of the potential dangers of the job they may face Employees are to receive information and training about chemicals and other hazards on the job

Self-employed workers are covered by OSH act ** OSH was passed to prevent workers from being killed or harmed at work, enforced protective workplace safety and health standards.

After an outbreak of food-borne illness in the cafeteria, you discover one of your employees has an infected cut on his finger. You should: Send the employee home until the cut has healed Call the state public health office to investigate Have the lab culture the kitchen Fire the employee

Send the employee home until the cut has healed

A manager is reviewing the department's current liabilities, which would include: a. Payroll taxes and accounts payable b. Accounts payable and inventory c. Employee pensions and deferred compensation d. Marketable securities and cash equivalents

a. Payroll taxes and accounts payable

Of the following, what would be best to discuss with a teenager to discourage a fad diet? Research studies Long-term issues Parental concerns Short-term consequences

Short-term consequences >> Teenagers have difficulty associating current actions with future consequences. Therefore, it would be best to discuss short-term consequences of long-term issues. Teens are also generally more concerned with fitting in with their peers than parental influence. Research studies do not fit into most teenagers' reasons for making food choices, which include taste preference, peers, cost, schedule, and family support

Potatoes contain green pigment under their skin due to chlorophyll that develops during light exposure in storage. This may be accompanied by a natural toxicant that causes vomiting, trouble breathing and weakness. What is the name of this toxicant? Solanine Solanum tuberosum Chlorophyllin Pheophytin

Solanine

Why should honey never be given to infants? Choking hazard because of thickness Spores in honey can produce botulism Honey is regularly genetically modified Too sweet, can achieve hyperglycemia

Spores in honey can produce botulism * honey shouldnt be added to foods, water or formula to an infant under 12 months. healthy adults have matured intestines with enough acid to destroy the toxins... but in infants the toxins can accumulate. by 1 yr old, the intestines should have matured to produce enough acids.

For which athlete would the supplement creatine be most beneficial? A. Basketball player B. Ironman triathlete C. Sprinter D. Distance Runner

Sprinter Explanation: Creatine is best for short term bursts of energy. Examples: sprinting, team sports with short bursts and times of rest like football, and weight lifting

A patient with a deep vein thrombosis (blood clot ) takes a myriad of herbal supplements. Which supplement do you strongly discourage him from taking? St. John's wort Yohimbe L-arginine Fenugreek

St. John's wort thrombosis treatment involves anticoagulation drugs - heparin and warafin - but St John's wort can amplify the action of these blood thinning meds - increasing risk of bleeding.

Which of the following is a non-nutritive sweetener? a. Agave b. Sorbitol c. Mannitol d. Stevia

Stevia

Where does protein digestion begin, and what enzyme is required? Stomach, pepsin Pancreas, trypsin Mouth, amylase Small intestine, lipase

Stomach, pepsin

Thermometers used in receiving should be accurate to ________. a. ± 2 degrees F b. ± 1 degree F c. ± 3 degrees F d. ± 4 degrees F

a. ± 2 degrees F

A 55-year-old father and his 8-year-old daughter need food assistance. Which of the following programs could provide them assistance? a. CSFP b. TANF c. WIC d. NSIP

TANF TANF (Temporary Assistance for Needy Families) = Financial assistance to the poor that replaced the AFDC program.

You have been promoted to a top management position. What adjustment in skills is needed? Technical skills decrease, conceptual skills increase Conceptual skills decrease, technical and human skills increase Technical skills increase, conceptual skills decrease Technical skills decrease, conceptual and human skills increase

Technical skills decrease, conceptual skills increase

Which of the following is not true about telehealth? Telephone consultations are considered telehealth. Telehealth is never covered by insurance companies Video consultations conducted via internet are considered telehealth Telehealth saves time over traditional office visits

Telehealth is never covered by insurance companies

Which of the following is an incorrect Joint Commission safety standard? a. . Communicate accurate patient medication information b. Correctly identify a patient using at least one patient identifier c. Use medications safely d. Improve the safety of clinical alarm systems

b. Correctly identify a patient using at least one patient identifier

Which of the following statements is a true about dietary supplements? a. The manufacturer must prove they are safe to sell them. b. They cannot include new dietary ingredients c. They are regulated for safety and efficacy d. The FDA must prove they are unsafe to ban them

The FDA must prove they are unsafe to ban them

Which of the following is not one of the key ways in which discipline should be administered? Consistently across employees Immediately after the incident In an impersonal manner With due process

With due process **Due process of law is application by state of all legal rules and principles pertaining to the case so all legal rights that are owed to the person are respected. fair treatment through the normal judicial system, especially as a citizen's entitlement.

Which of the following is a characteristic of a cariostatic food? They do not contribute to tooth decay They contain fermentable carbohydrates metabolized by microorganisms in the mouth They cause lower salivary pH (5.5 of less) within 30 minutes They stimulate dental caries

They do not contribute to tooth decay *Cariostatic foods (such as cheese, nuts, popcorn or vegtables) help prevent cavities. These foods form a pro- tective coating for tooth enamel and help to neutralize the acids formed by bacteria in the plaque

Which of the following is provided by the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938? Tips may be considered part of the employees' wages Holiday pay Unemployment compensation Equal pay for equal work

Tips may be considered part of the employees' wages

During your clinical rotation, the dietitian you are shadowing is helping you with performing a NFPE. During the examination, the dietitian points out to you the coiled corkscrew-shaped hairs on the surface of the patient's arms and front of the legs. She asks you which foods should we recommend to this patient in order to correct the deficiency. You reply: Tomatoes, strawberries, red bell peppers, and broccoli Egg yolks, liver, and cashews Cold water fatty fish, nuts and seeds, and plant oils Red meats, whole grain breads, lentils, and eggs

Tomatoes, strawberries, red bell peppers, and broccoli * this is characteristic of scurvy- a deficiency in vitamin C: mainly found it fruits and vegetables ( the other options are mainly proteins and grains)

1. An amino acid that cannot be produced by the body is: a. Tryptophan b. Alanine c. Tyrosine d. Glycine

Tryptophan

You review the most recent bloodwork for a patient on a ventilator in the ICU. In the bloodwork, pH is 7.0 and PaCO2 is increasing. Based on this information, which of the following is most likely to be occurring? Diabetic ketoacidosis Overventilation Underventilation Excessive gastric suctioning

Underventilation

1. You are responsible for the purchase of a new nutrient analysis software program. You need to investigate which program will eliminate unnecessary costs while providing the most usefulness. Which investigation would be most appropriate to conduct? Market analysis Value added Value analysis Budget projection

Value analysis

Which of the following nutrients is a gastric bypass patient most likely to become deficient in, and why? Vitamin E due to decreased intake Vitamin C due to decreased gastric acid Vitamin B-12 due to decreased gastric acid Zinc due to decreased intrinsic factor

Vitamin B-12 due to decreased gastric acid

Sonia was hired as a diet technician at a local community hospital. During her orientation, she was given material that outlined the work she was expected to perform, the procedures to use, and a time schedule. What type of material was she given? Work schedule Job specification Job description Organizational chart

Work schedule

Hypoguesia, hypotonia, poor wound healing, and short stature and development are characteristic of Zinc deficiency Zinc overload Copper overload Copper deficiency

Zinc deficiency

A female patient is 65 inches tall and weighs 130 pounds. She is receiving a TPN of D5W at 100 mL/hr/day. What is her GIR? A. 14 mg/kg/min B. 1.4 mg/kg/min C. 0.14 mg/kg/min D. 3.4 mg/kg/min

[infusion rate (ml/hr) x dextrose (g) x 1000] / [wt (kg) x 60 x 100] (100 * 5g * 1000) / (59 * 60 * 1000) B. 1.4 mg/kg/min

How many quarts of batter are needed to make 144 muffins using a #12 scoop? a. 12 b. 16 c. 22 d.6

a. 12 #12 scoop = 1/3 cup Cups in 1qt = 4 cups 4 / 1/3cup = 12 answer = 12 qt batter

An American restaurant has 8 full-time employees, 6 part-time employees, and 4 twelve-hour employees. How many FTEs does the restaurant have? a. 12.2 b. 18 c. 11.3 d. 8

a. 12.2 **8 full time = 8 x 40 hours/week = 320 hours 6 part time = 6 x 20 hours/week = 120 hours 4 x 12 hours/week = 48 hours 320 + 120 + 48 = 488 hours 488 hours / 40 hours per 1 FTE = 12.2 FTEs

In the National School Lunch Program, the income eligibility requirement is ________ of the poverty level for reduced-price meals and ____ of the poverty level for free meals. a. 130-185%; <130% b. 135-180%; <135% c. <130%; 130-185% d. <13%; 135-180%

a. 130-185%; <130%

1. According to MyPlate, which is the recommendation for the Dairy group each day for children ages 4 to 8? (Ref #300; Domain II) a. 2.5 cups b. 3 cups c. 6 cups d. 1.5 cups

a. 2.5 cups

A hospital produces 600 meals per day. It takes 15 minutes to make one meal. How many FTEs would be needed for one week? a. 26.25 FTEs b. 26 FTEs c. 30 FTEs d. 45 FTEs

a. 26.25 FTEs 600 meals x 15 min. = 9000 min./day 9000 min./day x 7 days/wk. = 63,000 min./wk. 63,000 min./wk. ÷ 60 min./hr. = 1050 hrs./wk. 1050 hrs./wk. ÷ 40 hrs./FTE = 26.25 FTEs

1. A lunch includes the following: 1 sandwich (1 slice of white bread, 3 ounces of low-sodium turkey breast, 1 ounce of cheese), and 1 medium banana. Using the carbohydrate exchange, how many calories and grams of protein does the meal provide? a. 31 g PRO, 435 kcals b. 75 g PRO, 700 kcals c. 54 g PRO, 601 kcals d. 35 g PRO, 300 kcals

a. 31 g PRO, 435 kcals carbohydrate exchange: bread - 3 pro, 80 kcal banana 0 pro, 120 kcal cheese 7 pro , 100 kcal turkey , 21 pro, 135 kcal

Considering the following smoke points of various fats, which would be the best to use for frying? a. 4oo'F b. 300 'F c. 325'F d. 375'F

a. 4oo'F

If you replace half and half with whipping cream in ice cream, the effect on the ice crystals will be: a. A decrease in size because there is more fat b. An increase in size because there is less fat c. No change d. An increase in size because there is more fat

a. A decrease in size because there is more fat

1. How wide must the aisles be to accommodate wheelchairs in a dining room? (Ref # 683; Domain IV) a. At least 36 inches b. At least 60 inches c. At least 8 feet d. At least 6 feet

a. At least 36 inches

1. Caitlin applies to a local company that regularly hires college students to work on construction crews. The construction manager tells her to apply for a secretarial job at the company's headquarters. As Caitlin is leaving, she overhears the manager telling a coworker that he did her a favor, since construction is really a man's job. Caitlin believes the manager has discriminated against her by not interviewing her for the higher-paying crew position, and she wants to file a claim. What regulatory compliance is she protected under? a. Civil Rights Act b. National Labor Relations Act c. Equal Pay Act d. Unemployment compensation

a. Civil Rights Act

In behavior change, which example demonstrates self-efficacy? a. Confidence in ability to consume breakfast daily b. Reading an article regarding regular physical activity and heart disease c. Doing research on family history of diabetes d. Perception that financial status will affect ability to eat recommended servings of fruits and vegetables

a. Confidence in ability to consume breakfast daily

Which of the following would prevent the Malliard reaction? a. Cream of tarter b. Milk c. Sugar d. Eggs

a. Cream of tarter (Potassium bitartrate) **The Maillard reaction is a chemical reaction between amino acids and reducing sugars that gives browned food its distinctive flavor.. cream of tartar is not an amino acid, so it would not cause the malliard rxn to occur.

The statement "What makes you think you need to change your current dietary patterns?" is an example of the motivational interviewing: a. Eliciting change talk b. Using close-ended questions c. Asking permission d. Exploring importance

a. Eliciting change talk

What two factors did Hertzberg focus in his Motivational Theory? (Ref # 407; Domain III) a. Hygiene and motivators b. Rewards and punishments c. Motivators and rewards d. Safety and rewards

a. Hygiene and motivators

A client is complaining of migraines and asking about a tyramine-restricted diet. Which of the following foods would you recommend avoiding on a tyramine-restricted diet? a. Pickles b. Roasted chicken c. Cucumbers d. Grilled salmon

a. Pickles A tyramine restricted diet is designed to remove foods with tyramine for people taking MAOI medications (Mononamine oxidase inhibiting medications). foods high in tyramine include: Strong or aged cheeses, such as aged cheddar, Swiss and Parmesan; blue cheeses, Cured meats, which are meats treated with salt and nitrate or nitrite. wine or aged, fermented, smoked, or pickled foods. Low tyramine foods include fresh vegetables and fruit, grains, eggs, and non-fermented dairy.

1. Which is the least effective method of cooling a pot of hot soup quickly? (Ref # 669; Domain I) a. Placing the pot in the freezer b. Using ice as an ingredient after cooking the soup c. Ice water bath d. Pan in the refrigerator with an occasional stir with an ice paddle

a. Placing the pot in the freezer NEVER use refrigerators or freezers to cool foods. Hot foods can raise the temperature of the unit and endanger the other foods stored there.

ANOVA is used when a. Several products compete against one another b. Comparing two similar products c. Testing whether results can be generalized toa larger group d. Testing whether the difference between two groups is real

a. Several products compete against one another anova Compares mean values of a contributes variable for multiple categories/groups

Which of the following food additives inhibits mold in soda beverages? a. Sodium benzoate b. Glycerol monostearate c. EDTA d. Titanium dioxide

a. Sodium benzoate

What type of milk should a 10 year old with galactosemia drink? a. Soy milk b. Chocolate milk c. Almond milk with whey protein powder d. Reduced fat milk

a. Soy milk

A colon cancer screening test has a negative predictive value (NPV) of 90%. Which of the following is a correct interpretation of the NPV? a. There is a 90% probability that patients with a negative test result do not have colon cancer b. There is a 90% probability that patients with a positive test result do not have colon cancer c. The screening test correctly identifies 90% of those without colon cancer d. The screening test correctly identifies 90% of those with colon cancer

a. There is a 90% probability that patients with a negative test result do not have colon cancer Negative Predictive Value (NPV): The probability that a person with a negative test result does not have the disease being test for.

An increased plasma pyruvate level is an indication of: a. Thiamin deficiency b. Iron deficiency c. Riboflavin deficiency d. Excess carbohydrate ingestion

a. Thiamin deficiency thiamine is a cofactor for pyruvate dehydrogenase, which converts pyruvate > acetyl coa. so, without thiamine the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl coa is inhibited, and pyruvate buids up & cant enter the krebs cycle

Where is lactose absorbed? a. small intestine b. stomach c. pancreas d. liver

a. small intestine

Which of the following diet recommendations would be made for diverticulosis? a. Bowel rest with parenteral nutrition b. Low-fiber diet with increased fluids c. High-fiber diet with adequate fluids d. High-fiber diet, exclusion of nuts and seeds

c. High-fiber diet with adequate fluids

How much protein is needed for a patient with a Stage 3 burn? a. 10 - 20% of total calories b. 20 - 25% of total calories c. 25 - 30% of total calories d. 25 - 40% of total calories

b. 20 - 25% of total calories

1. The Campinha-Bacote model of cultural competence has five constructs. Which of the five involves collecting cultural data? a. Encounter b. Awareness c. Knowledge d. Skill

d. Skill

The first step in planning a continuing education program is to: a. Locate the guest speaker b. Survey participants to see what interests them c. Survey other groups to see what they are doing d. Select a topic that has not been offered lately

b. Survey participants to see what interests them

1. The alertness and other CNS stimulation from coffee is a result of caffeine and _________. a. Polyphenols b. Theobromine c. Sulfur d. Amino acids

b. Theobromine Theobromine is the primary bitter-tasting alkaloid found in cocoa and chocolate

The ketogenic diet is used to help treat: a. cystic fibrosis b. seizures c. chronic renal failure d. hypotension

b. seizures

What parasite is commonly associated with cod, halibut, mackerel, and pacific salmon? a. Norovirus b. Cryptosporidium parvum c. Anisakis simplex d. Ciguatoxin

c. Anisakis simplex

Which of the following nutrients adds or removes carbon dioxide from compounds during energy metabolism? a. Thiamin b. Niacin c. Biotin d. Pantothenic acid

c. Biotin ** biotin plays an essential role in the Krebs cycle, which is used to generate energy from protein, lipids, and carbohydrates. Pyruvate carboxylase is a biotin-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate when abundant acetyl CoA is available (& oxaloacetate joins with acetyl coa so it can enter krebs)... when it joins to acetyl coa > CoA leaves the krebs, which removes carbon dioxide along with it!

Rebecca is 64 inches tall and weighs 77 kg. Her BMI could indicate any of the following scenarios except: a.She is overweight b. Her BMI is overestimated due to her remarkably high muscle mass c. Class 1 obesity d. Her BMI is inaccurate because she is fluid-overloaded from ascites

c. Class 1 obesity

In assessing nutrient intake for a client, which of the following types of assessment methods produce both qualitative and quantitative data and is best used with a motivated and literate client? a. 24-hour recall b. Food frequency questionnaire c. Food record d. Food attitudes questionnaire

c. Food record

Which of the following type of insulin would be given once per day, without regard to mealtimes? a. NPH insulin b. Regular insulin c. Insulin glargine d. Humulin 50/50

c. Insulin glargine

Which lipoprotein transports dietary cholesterol to cells? a. VLDL b. IDL c. LDL d. HDL

c. LDL **** Chylomicrons enter the liver and are packaged into VLDL. VLDL is involved in the transport of triacylglycerol (TAG) from the liver to extrahepatic tissues. LDL transports cholesterol (so-called bad cholesterol) to tissues and HDL is responsible for "reverse transport" or removal of cholesterol (so-called good cholesterol) from tissues. (The terms "bad" and "good" refer to the nature of transport. For example, the "good" cholesterol refers to cholesterol being carried by HDL, which is meant to be routed to the liver for bile formation, or excretion, thus leaving the body and not deposited, like LDL, into blood vessels.)

The statement, "Most people report feeling like you do, they want to change their snacking behaviors but find it difficult." This is an example of: a. Using open-ended questions b. Exploring importance c. Normalizing d. Reflective listening

c. Normalizing

1. What was the original intent of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)? a. To protect the privacy of individuals' electronic health records b. To protect the privacy of individuals' written health records c. To ensure continued health insurance eligibility when someone changes jobs or losses a job d. To ensure individuals have access to their own health records

c. To ensure continued health insurance eligibility when someone changes jobs or losses a job

1. Which is the dependent variable? a. Leavening b. Storage days c. Volume d. Oven temperature

c. Volume

Which management functions should require the greatest allotment of time by a production manager? a. planning and organizing b. organizing and directing c. directing and controlling d. organizing and controlling

c. directing and controlling

A foodservice is being converted from a conventional system to a ready-prepared system. The Dietitian should first consider the adequacy of the: a. steam table space b. dry storage space c. low-temperature storage capacity

c. low-temperature storage capacity ** Conventional food systems are the most common type and typically include food production and the holding of hot and chilled food prior to food service. Conventional food systems may cook all of their food from scratch, or they may purchase partially prepared or fully prepared food items Ready prepared food systems, also known as cook-chill, are food systems that prepare food and chill or freeze it, then reheat it when it's time to serve. therefore, since in the ready prepared system food will be chilled and stored, the dietitian needs to check low temp storage!

The goal of treatment for an overweight child is: a. weight loss of 1lb per month b. weight loss of 2 lb per month c. weight maintenance weight loss of 0.5 lb per month

c. weight maintenance

Which of the following phrases is the best example of how a dietetics practitioner should reiterate to the client information about his or her dietary intake of calcium? a. "The amount of calcium you eat is low." b. "Your dietary intake of calcium increases your risk for developing osteoporosis." c. "You eat one serving of a calcium-rich food each day and the experts tell us to eat three." d. "People who eat one serving of a calcium-rich food each day are at an increased risk for osteoporosis."

d. "People who eat one serving of a calcium-rich food each day are at an increased risk for osteoporosis."

In the monitoring and evaluation step of NCP, indication that new needs have arisen prompts: a. restatement of the diagnosis, including the new problem b. expansion of the evaluation to include the new problem c. incorporation of the new problem into the care plan d. restarting the NCP

d. restarting the NCP

1. which of the following is appropriate for treatment of gastroparesis? a. gingerale b. oranges c. bran cereal d. rice

d. rice **Gastroparesis is a condition that affects the normal spontaneous movement of the muscles (motility) in your stomach, preventing gastric emptying. * avoid raw fruits, raw vegetables, whole grain cereals, Eat less fiber and fat bc can slow stomach emptying, no Carbonated drinks bc extra air may fill up your stomach.... * eat simple starches like pasta, white rice, oats.

______ is number of people contracting a specific disease during a specific time period. ___________ is Total number of people infected at one time in a population, regardless of when the disease began.

incidence, prevalence

Why do egg whites beat more easily at room temperature? a. the surface tension is lower b. the pH is increased c. the protein is denatured d. the surface tension is higher

the surface tension is lower

When using a three-compartment sink, what temperature should each sink be kept (1, 2, 3)? a. 80, 100, 140 degrees F b. 150, 170, 190 degrees F c. 100, 120, 140 degrees F d. 110, 140, 170 degrees F

d. 110, 140, 170 degrees F ** The water in the first and second sink needs to be a minimum of 110 degrees Fahrenheit to meet the FDA requirements. If you plan to use water in your third sanitizing sink, the water must be 171 degrees Fahrenheit or hotter

You are caring for a patient receiving enteral feeding. At what rate would you administer the feeding if the patient is receiving 2.0 kcal/cc over 5 hours and requires 1200? a. 100 cc/hr b. 60 cc/hr c. 85 cc/hr d. 120 cc/hr

d. 120 cc/hr ** 1. To calculate the rate of enteral feeding, divide the total kcal needs (1200) by the total hours the patient is being fed (5 hours) 1200/5 = 240 kcal/hr 2. divide the kcals/hr by the concentration 240/2 = 120 cc/hr

In order for a foodborne illness to be considered an outbreak of foodborne illness, how many must experience the same illness after consuming the same food? 10 15 1 2

d. 2 once at least 2 people experience an illness after eating the same food, this is considered an outbreak.

How much water does an athlete need if they have lost 2 pounds during a marathon? a. 8 ounces b. 16 ounces c. 24 ounces d. 32 ounces

d. 32 ounces

Which recipe ingredient should be adjusted if a cake has a crunchy crust and compact moist texture? a. flour b. milk c. sugar d. baking powder

sugar

Which of the following statements is an example of "change talk" in motivational interviewing? "I wish I could stick to my medication regimen." "You want to change your medication regimen." "My work schedule makes it hard for me to change my medication regimen timing." "Deciding to stick to your medication regimen shows how determined you are."

"I wish I could stick to my medication regimen." Four Categories of Change Talk >>Recognizing disadvantages of the status quo: "This is more serious than I thought." >>Recognizing advantages of change: "I'd probably feel a lot better." >>Expressing optimism about change: "I think I could do that if I decided to." >>Expressing intention to change: "I've got to do something." Methods for Evoking Change Talk >>Asking evocative questions: "What worries you about your current situation?" >>Using the importance ruler

How much will it cost to prepare 8 servings of gumbo using the ingredients below? - 12 lbs of sausage at 3.39/lb - 1 gallon of fish stock at 0.45/qt - 6 lbs of okra at 0.27/oz - 18 oz of beans at 1.99/lb a. $70.64 b. $49.61 c. $48.80 d. $78.56

$70.64 12 lb x $3.39/lb = $40.68 4 quarts = 1 gallon --> 4 qt x $.45/qt = $1.80 16 oz/lb --> 6 x 16 = 96 oz x $.27/oz = $25.92 18 oz/16 = 1.125 lb x $1.99/lb = $2.24 $40.68 + 1.80 + 25.92 + 2.24 = 70.64

Which model of behavior change involves personal, interpersonal, institutional, community, policy, and systems levels of influence on change? a. Social-Ecological b. Health belief c. Transtheoretical d. Social cognitive theory

. Social-Ecological

An infant is born at 29 weeks gestation. If her actual age is now 7 months, what is her adjusted or corrected age? 3 months 7 months 11 weeks 17 weeks

17 weeks

What are the protein needs for a healthy 165 pound adult whose activity level includes only daily activities of living and no strenuous exercise? A. 60 grams B. 82.5 grams C. 132 grams D. 40 grams

60 grams at 0.8g protein/kg

1. Which of the following statements related to irradiation is not true? A. Fresh vegetables are approved for higher levels of irradiation than spices. B. The FDA has approved some foods for irradiation. C. Irradiation is a method of food preservation. D. Irradiation works by killing microorganisms in the food.

A. Fresh vegetables are approved for higher levels of irradiation than spices.= NOT true. Food irradiation is a food safety process that uses radiation to kill germs that can cause food poisoning. it is safe. *Foods that commonly undergo irradiation include: Beef, pork, poultry. Eggs in shells. Shellfish, such as shrimp, lobster, crab, oysters, etc.

Joyce is a 46-year-old female patient with cirrhosis. During a physical exam, the RD pressed her thumb 4-5 mm into Joyce's right leg. In 10-15 seconds, the depression disappeared. What grade of edema does Joyce most likely have? A. 1+ mild pitting edema B. 4+ severe pitting edema C. 2+ moderate pitting edema D. 3+ moderately severe pitting edema

C. 2+ moderate pitting edema Grade +1: up to 2mm of depression, rebounding immediately. Grade +2: 3-4mm of depression, rebounding in 15 seconds or less. Grade +3: 5-6mm of depression, rebounding in 60 seconds. Grade +4: 8mm of depression, rebounding in 2-3 minutes.

During the counseling session about lowering sodium, the client states, "i have begun reading labels to identify sodium contents of food." The client is in which of the following stages of change? A. Precontemplation B. Contemplation C. Preparation D. Action

C. Preparation rationale: They are still thinking about making the change. the client is starting to get ready to lower his intake of sodium but hasn't actually done so. So he is preparing. The "action" stage is reached when the individual has made the change of switching to low sodium foods for less than 6 months.

A researcher is testing the effects of a new diabetes medication on 20 subjects. For this study, she chose to use _______ because _______. A. Factorial trial design: She will be testing more than one group (a control group and an experimental group) B. Stratified randomization: The number of subjects is too low. C. Crossover design: It should yield a more efficient comparison of treatments D. Qualitative design: This utilizes human subject selected randomly and each are group into a control or experimental group

Crossover design: It should yield a more efficient comparison of treatments in crossover design, each participant serves as his own control.

Based on Katz's three skills of managers, which of the following positions would predominantly use conceptual skills to perform their primary job functions? A. Dietary aide B. Food service coordinator C. Dietitian D. Food and environmental services director

D. Food and environmental services director Katz's three critical skill sets for successful leaders: technical skills, interpersonal (or human) skills, and conceptual skills. ** the higher up in the organization an individual rises, the more conceptual skills (and fewer technical skills) are necessary. Senior managers need fewer technical skills because strategic decision-making is inherently more conceptual; the director is the highest role in this list !

The best laboratory value to use in assessing iron status is: a. Serum iron b. Hemoglobin c. Hematocrit d. Ferritin

Ferritin **Ferritin is a blood protein and is the main storage protein for iron, alongside hemosiderin. Ferritin is, therefore, a good indicator of how much iron is stored within your body with low levels indicating iron deficiency anaemia. Low ferritin concentrations suggest deficient iron stores, whereas elevated ferritin concentrations could suggest iron overload.

During osteoporosis, which cells are most active in the bone? a. Osteoblasts b. Osteoclasts c. Mesenchyme d. Osteocytes

Osteoclasts Osteoclasts are the cells that degrade bone

Which of the following does strategic pricing impact? Customer awareness of the product Product image Where the product is sold How the product satisfies a customer's wants or needs

Product image

The Paleo diet and the Mediterranean diet are similar in all the following ways, except: Foods present in both diets are good sources of potassium, which can help with hypertension They both contain foods which are considered heart-healthy They both help in the prevention of heart disease They both emphasize grains and legumes

They both emphasize grains and legumes

Which of the following statements is not true? a. Vitamin C is easily damaged by oxidation b. Riboflavin should be stored away from sunlight c. Thiamine will break down quickly in acidic environment d. B-vitamins can leach into water when a food is boiled

Thiamine will break down quickly in acidic environment **B1 assists in the production of hydrochloric acid (stomach acid), which is vital to the proper breakdown and assimilation of food.

The functions of the liver include all of the following except: a. Filter red blood cells b. Filter toxic elements c. Store and release red blood cells d. Metabolize nutrients

a. Filter red blood cells the spleen filters the blood and therefore red blood cells!

You are meeting with a client who has type 2 diabetes for a nutrition counseling session. The client tells you she started a new type of insulin three days ago. If she brings you labs she had drawn yesterday, which of the following is least likely to have been affected by the new insulin, as reflected in that bloodwork? a. Hemoglobin A1c b. Urinary glucose or ketones c. Fasting blood sugar d. Pre-prandial capillary plasma glucose

a. Hemoglobin A1c

1. A patient scored a 10 on the Braden Scale. What does this mean? (Ref # 466; Domain II) a. High risk of developing a pressure injury b. Very satisfied with her meals and the staff c. Moderately malnourished d. Likely to be discharged from the hospital

a. High risk of developing a pressure injury The Braden Scale for Predicting Pressure Sore Risk was developed to foster early identification of patients at risk for forming pressure sores... subscales are: sensory perception, moisture, activity, mobility, friction, and shear. Each item is scored between 1 and 4... highest score is 24. The lower the score, the greater the risk for a pressure ulcer a patient is at-risk for. a 10 is towards the lower end so pt at high risk!

Which of the following should be included in the diet for celiac disease Decrease intake of eggs Use potato and rice flour IM (intramuscular) vitamin B12 and iron Low calorie, high fat, high protein a. II, III b. III, IV c. I, II, IV d. II, IV

a. II, III Use potato and rice flour IM (intramuscular) vitamin B12 and iron * b vitamins in grains (wheat)- celiac do not consume so may be low

A patient is on a high protein, low carbohydrate diet. What advice would you offer? a. Increase fluid intake b. Decrease the intake of complex carbohydrates c. Decrease fluid intake d. Decrease the intake of saturated fats

a. Increase fluid intake

1The energy needs of an infant from birth to 12 months of age depend on all of the following factors, except: a. Length b. Weight c. Climate d. Growth rate

a. Length

______ is the process of dividing the market into groups of people with similar needs, wants, values, and buying behaviors. a. Market segmentation b. Demographic profiling c. Geographic profiling d. Target market

a. Market segmentation

A benefit of a flat organization structure includes: a. More cost effective b. Although more managers are required, the number of employees they manage each is smaller c. Offers a degree of specialization in a variety of departments d. More opportunities for employee promotion

a. More cost effective

1. Which of the following provides 45 g of CHO? a. one cup pasta b. one cup black beans c. 1 1/2 cups blueberries d. 2 small tortillas

a. one cup pasta

On average, how much water does a person lose per day due to insensible water loss? a. 1.5 L b. 0.5 L c. 1.0 L d. 2.0 L

c. 1.0 L ** Insensible fluid loss is the amount of body fluid lost daily that is not easily measured, from the respiratory system, skin, and water in the excreted stool

Which of the following learning domains involve emotions and attitudes? a. Effective b. Psychomotor c. Affective d. Cognitive

c. Affective The affective domain includes the feelings, emotions and attitudes of the individual. The cognitive domain aims to develop the mental skills and the acquisition of knowledge of the individual. The cognitive domain encompasses of six categories which include knowledge; comprehension; application; analysis; synthesis; and evaluation. The psychomotor domain includes utilizing motor skills and the ability to coordinate them.

The FDA: I. inspects meat, poultry, fish, eggs II. inspects factories III. enforces the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act IV. monitors interstate shipping of shellfish a. I, II, III b. III, IV c. II, III, IV d. I, III

c. II, III, IV

The kitchen manager is developing a schedule that gives assignments for the foods that need to be made that day. What type of schedule is he developing? a. Shift b. Individual c. Production d. Organizational

c. Production

Which of the following is an example of a nutrient-content claim? a. Diets low in sodium may reduce risk of high blood pressure. b. Calcium builds strong bones c. Reduced fat d. None of the above

c. Reduced fat Nutrient content claims describe the level of a nutrient in the product, using terms such as "free, high, and low" or they compare the level of a nutrient in a food to that of another food, using terms such as more, reduced, and lite.

The best laboratory value to use in assessing iron status is: a. hemoglobin b. hematocrit c. ferritin d. serum iron

c. ferritin

. In starvation, the brain uses which nutrient as an energy source? a. fatty acids b. lactic acid c. glucose d. ketone bodies

c. glucose

In the fed state, the brain uses which nutrient as a source of energy? a. fatty acid b. lactic acid c. glucose d. ketone bodies

c. glucose

Which pigment does not change color in an acid or an alkaline solution? a. anthocyanin b. carotenoid c. chlorophyll d. flavones

carotenoid

Which of the following statements about nutrition screening is true? a. It does not include any specific health parameters b. The screening occurs after the diagnosis c. It is only performed on at-risk patients d. All health team members can participate

d. All health team members can participate

Which of the following are the Nutrition Assessment domains? a. Food and nutrition-related history; anthropometric measurements; biochemical data, medical tests, procedures; nutrition-focused physical findings b. Intake; clinical; behavioral-environmental c. Food and/or nutrient delivery; nutrition education; nutrition counseling; coordination of nutrition care d. Food and nutrition-related history; anthropometric measurements; biochemical data, medical tests, procedures; nutrition-focused physical findings; client history

d. Food and nutrition-related history; anthropometric measurements; biochemical data, medical tests, procedures; nutrition-focused physical findings; client history

1. The dumping syndrome: I. follows a gastrectomy II. is secondary to carbohydrate overload III. draws fluid into the intestine IV. needs a high carbohydrate diet a. I, III, IV b. II, III, IV c. I d. I, II, III

d. I, II, III

You are creating an education program to promote consuming more vegetables. As part of the program planning, you use the Health Belief Model to help facilitate participants' behavior change. Which of the following would be a "cue to action" using the Health Belief Model that you could include in your program? a. Including in your lecture ways that not consuming enough vegetables can cause chronic disease b. Asking participants to discuss easy ways to prepare vegetables during a group activity c. Developing a petition for participants to sign asking legislators for access to farmers markets d. Providing a keychain for each participant with a picture of broccoli and "Pick Me!" on it

d. Providing a keychain for each participant with a picture of broccoli and "Pick Me!" on it

1. You are analyzing a clients physical ability to prepare meals. The learning domain is: a. Conceptual b. Affective c. Human d. Psychomotor

d. Psychomotor Psychomotor learning involves completing a physical activity or motor skill -example: client practices preparing insulin injections

fat produces more calories than carbohydrate because: a. fat is a smaller molecule b. fat has less carbon and hydrogen in relation to oxygen c. fat is a larger molecule d. fat has more carbon and hydrogen in relation to oxygen

d. fat has more carbon and hydrogen in relation to oxygen

Immediately following a severe burn, nutritional therapy should include: a. high calories b. high protein c. high calories, vitamins, minerals d. fluid and electrolyte replacement

d. fluid and electrolyte replacement

1. An appropriate measurement for iron status in a local community is: a. serum iron b. transferrin c. TIBC d. hematocrit

d. hematocrit