Nutrition 170C1 Final Study Guide pt.1

A primary function of the mucus in the stomach is to: A) protect stomach cells from autodigestion. B) neutralize stomach acid. C) emulsify fats. D) activate pepsinogen to form pepsin.

A

Food allergies cause an immune response by the body. A) True B) False

A

Vitamins contain 4 kcal/gram. A) True B) False

B

If a person has GERD, the ________ is malfunctioning. A) esophageal sphincter B) pancreas C) gallbladder D) epiglottis

A

Responding to the presence of fat in our meal, the gallbladder releases a substance called: A) bile. B) lipase. C) pepsin. D) chyme.

A

The Nutrition Facts Panel on a box of crackers indicates that one serving provides 140 calories, with 55 calories coming from fat. Calculate the percentage of calories from fat in this product. A) 39% B) 85% C) 55% D) need more information to calculate

A

The ________ is most responsible for prompting individuals to seek food. A) hypothalamus B) mouth C) stomach D) small intestine

A

The fruits section of MyPyramid emphasizes "focus on fruits" and encourages the consumption of all of the following EXCEPT: A) fruit juice. B) canned fruit. C ) frozen fruit. D) dried fruit.

A

Which large vessel transports absorbed nutrients to the liver? A) portal vein B) pulmonary vein C) subclavian vein D) aorta

A

A nutrient claim on food labels sometimes indicates a product being a good sources of sodium A) True B) False

B

Foods containing carbohydrate have the highest satiety value. A) True B) False

B

Hunger is best described as: A) a psychological desire to find food and eat. B) a physiological desire to find food and eat. C) eating that is often driven by environmental cues. D) eating that is often driven by emotional cues.

B

In which organelle is the cell's DNA located? A cell membrane B) nucleus C) mitochondria D) cytoplasm

B

Over the past twenty years, obesity rates in the United States have not changed significantly. A) True B) False

B

The dietary standard that has been established for nutrients for which more research is needed to determine human requirements is the: A) DRI. B) AI. C) RDA. D) UL.

B

The majority of nutrient absorption takes place in the stomach. A) True B) False

B

The presence of any bacteria in the large intestine indicates a potentially serious systemic allergic reaction that can be fatal if left untreated. A) True B) False

B

The standard used to estimate the daily nutrient needs of half of all healthy individuals is: A) AI. B) EAR. C) RDA. D) UL.

B

What is chyme? A) healthy bacteria of the small intestine B) mixture of partially digested food, water, and gastric juices C) ulcerations of the esophageal lining D) substance that allows for the emulsification of dietary lipid

B

Which best explains why carbohydrate digestion ceases when food reaches the stomach? A) Intestinal bacteria are needed for carbohydrate digestion. B) Salivary enzymes cannot function in the acid environment of the stomach. C) Carbohydrate is completely absorbed in the esophagus. D) Carbohydrate is completely digested in the mouth.

B

Which of the following is a micronutrient? A) carbohydrate B) vitamin C)alcohol D) fat

B

Which of the following organ is responsible for the manufacturing and secretion of insulin and glucagon, as well as many digestive enzymes? A) small intestine B) pancreas C) stomach D) liver

B

Which of the following snacks will have the highest satiety value, assuming the calories and relative size are similar? A) glass of whole milk B) piece of cheese C)slice of whole-grain bread D) glass of skim milk

B

_______ is the primary energy source for the brain. A) fat B) carbohydrate C) ketones D) protein

B

A 360 calorie slice of pizza has 45% calories coming from carbohydrate and 15% calories coming from protein. How many grams of fat are in this slice of pizza? A) 144 B) 36 C) 16 D) 8

C

Immediately after absorption, what circulatory system carries most of the fat-soluble nutrients? A) enterohepatic B) mesenteric C) lymphatic D) vascular

C

Proteins that induce chemical changes to speed up body processes are called: A) peptides. B) chymes. C) enzymes. D) hormones.

C

The "powerhouse" of the cell that produces most of the ATP is the: A) nucleus. B) cytoplasm. C) mitochondria D) ribosome.

C

The four characteristics of a healthful diet are adequacy, balance, moderation, and _________. A) color B) value C) variety D) calories

C

The human body is organized into the following structural levels (smallest to largest): A) atoms: cells: systems: tissues: molecules: organs. B) organs: tissues: molecules: systems: atoms: organs. C) atoms: molecules: cells: tissues: organs: systems. D) molecules: atoms: organs: systems: tissues: cells.

C

What are probiotics? A) antibiotics that are specific to harmful bacteria while protecting healthful bacteria B) specialty foods to which nutrients have been added C) live microorganisms naturally found in or supplemented to food products D) foods known to have disease-fighting effects

C

What is the name of the sphincter that separates the stomach from the small intestine? A) gastroesophageal B) ileocecal C) pyloric D) rectal

C

When a food label states that eating their product on a regular basis can reduce your risk of osteoporosis due to the calcium content, this is considered a: A) nutrient claim B) qualified health claim C) unqualified health claim D) the nutrition facts panel

C

Which of the following is NOT a nutrient? A) vitamins B) water C) alcohol D) minerals

C

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of dietary protein? A) repairing damaged structures B) building new cells and tissues C) serving as a primary source of energy for the body D) regulating metabolism and fluid balance

C

What is the primary cause of peptic ulcers? A) eating too many spicy foods B) stress C) prolonged use of aspirin D) H. pylori bacteria

D

Which of the following food sources is a rich source of probiotics? A) whole-wheat bread B) orange juice C) calcium supplements D) fermented yogurt

D

Which of the following is NOT a regulator of satiety in the body? A) hormones B) hypothalamus C) GI tract D) kidney

D

Which of the following is required on all food labels? A) ingredient list B) name and address of the vendor C) net contents of the package D) all of the above

D

Which of the following nutrients are the most energy dense? A) carbohydrates B) vitamins C)minerals D) fats

D