Nutrition Quiz 3

An example of a food that contains a high level of saturated fatty acids is

Beefsteak

An example of a food that does NOT contain cholesterol is

Coconut • cholesterol is a substance that naturally occurs in all animal foods but not in plant foods

A type of fat that may be associated with a high risk of atherosclerosis if consumed on a regular basis is

Butter. • Butter is a highly saturated fat. Excess intake saturated fat associated with atherosclerosis

The best food choice to provide alpha-linoleic acid is

Canola oil

The hormone responsible for stimulating the gallbladder to contract and release bile into the small intestine is

Cholecystokinin

The body needs linoleic acid for

Blood clotting

The greatest number of kilocalories provided by

30 g fat • the 30 g of fat provides the most kilocalories. Fat provides 9 kcal/g; both carbohydrates and proteins provide 4 kcal/g. Calculations: 30 g fat ' 9 kcal/g = 270 kcal 40 g carbohydrate ' 4 kcal/g = 160 kcal 60 g carbohydrate ' 4 kcal/g = 240 kcal 50 g protein ' 4 kcal/g = 200 kcal

The number of kilocalories from fat in a meal that contains 35 g fat is

315 Fat contains 9 kcal/g, so 35 g ' 9 kcal/g = 315 kcal

The recommended total calories provided by fat in an 1800-calorie diet should not exceed

630 calories • it is recommended that no more than 35% of total calories come from fat. In an 1800-calorie diet: 1800 ' 0.35 = 630 calories.

Triglycerides are composed of

Glycerol and fatty acids

A chance brought about as the result of hydrogenation is that

Liquid fats become solids

Cholesterol is synthesized by the body mainly in the

Liver

After a dietary assessment is completed, it reveals that a client consumes 50% of his or her calories from fat. This amount of fat places he client at risk for

Obesity, elevated blood fats, and diabetes • According to the Dietary Reference Intakes, no more than 35% of total calories should come from fat. Excess fat intake places a person at risk for health problems, including obesity, elevated blood fats, and diabetes.

Of the following fats, the one that is the least saturated is

Safflower oil • plant fats are generally less saturated than animal fats. However, coconut oil is high in saturated fat. Olive oil contains mostly monounsaturated fatty acids. Safflower oil contains mostly polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Most fatty acids in plant foods are

Unsaturated

The chemical feature that distinguishes a saturated fatty acid from an unsaturated fatty acid is the

Amount of hydrogen it contains. • a fatty acid that is not completely filled with all the hydrogen it can hold is unsaturated; the structure of a saturated fatty acid is completely filled with all the hydrogen bonds it can hold.

The process of adding hydrogen to fatty acids is called

Hydrogenation •the process of introducing hydrogen into the fat; this makes the fat more saturated

Fat substitutes are used in food products to

Improve the flavor and physical texture of low-fat foods. • Fat substitutes such as Simplesse and Olestra provide improve flavor and physical texture to low-fat foods and can help reduce total dietary fat.

Factors that increase the risk of heart disease include

Increased stress and obesity • Heart disease is a leading cause of death in developed countries. Various risk factors are associated with heart disease including excess dietary fat, especially saturated fat and cholesterol, along with obesity, diabetes, elevated blood fats, and elevated blood pressure. Additional lifestyle factor include smoking, stress, and lack of exercise.

The functions of far in the body include

Insulation of vital organs, temperature regulation, and cell membrane structure • in the body, fat around vital organs and under the skin provides insulation and helps regulate body temperature; fat is also a component of cell membrane structure.