OB chapter 5 questions
The activities that involve alteration of specific jobs or sets of interdependent jobs to improve employee experience and motivation are known as
job design
Expectancy theory can be used to predict ______________ in situations where there is a choice between two or more alternatives.
Blank 1: behavior or behaviour
Job enlargement is also known as a____________ loading the job.
Blank 1: horizontal or horizontally
Physiological or psychological deficiencies that arouse behavior are known as .
Blank 1: needs
When employees are able to offer challenging, but constructive opinions to managers, their perception of procedural justice is improved because they have a _____________
Blank 1: voice or voices
Which term describes the idea that not all individuals prefer an equal ratio of outputs to incomes? Multiple choice question.
equity sensitivity
Any set of activities that involve the alteration of specific job activities to improve the quality of employee job experience and motivation is called Multiple choice question.
job design
In Vroom's expectancy theory, instrumentality is the relationship between which two factors?
outcomes performance
The top-down job design method that creates jobs that are very simplified and repetitive is scientific ____________
managment
What are job design terms that individuals negotiate for themselves involving schedule flexibility, career development, or other adjustments? Multiple choice question.
idiosyncratic deals
The form of organizational justice that reflects whether people are told the truth and treated with respect is:
interactional justice
According to McClelland's acquired needs theory, which need involves the desire to maintain social relationships and join groups?
need for affiliation
What are job design terms that individuals negotiate for themselves involving schedule flexibility, career development, or other adjustments?
idiosyncratic deals
The question that asks "How much do I value the outcomes I will receive by achieving my performance goals?" represents which element of Vroom's expectancy theory? Multiple choice question.
valence
Frederick Herzberg's theory states which of the following?
Managers can improve motivation by improving both motivators that create satisfaction and hygiene factors that reduce dissatisfaction. Job satisfaction is associated with motivating factors. Job dissatisfaction is associated with hygiene factors
Who formulated the theory that motivation is a function of five basic needs: physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization?
Abraham Maslow
What are some recommended approaches for creating change when one's job is low on hygiene or motivating factors?
Ask for new work assignments. Talk with the manager. Change jobs.
Expectancy theory can be used to predict ______________ in situations where there is a choice between two or more alternatives
Blank 1: behavior or behaviour
The theories that focus on identifying internal factors that motivate people are ______________ process , Incorrect Unavailable theories. The more dynamic theories that focus on explaining how internal and external factors motivate people are ____________ content
Blank 1: content Blank 2: process
The job design method that offers an employee the opportunity to experience achievement, recognition, and stimulating work through vertical loading is job
Blank 1: enrichment
Pay, promotions, challenging assignments, participation in decision making are all considered outputs in Adam's Elements of _____________ theory.
Blank 1: equity
Job enlargement is also known as _____________ loading the job.
Blank 1: horizontal or horizontally
The method of job design that draws from observation, experiments, and reasoning is _________________
Blank 1: scientific Blank 2: management
Which of the following paraphrases comparisons as used in equity theory?
How does my ratio of outputs to inputs compare with those of relevant others?
Which statement is an example of Vroom's concept of instrumentality? Multiple choice question.
If I meet my performance goals, I will receive a promotion
What role does cognitive dissonance play in equity theory? Multiple choice question.
It motivates people to maintain consistency between their beliefs and their behavior.
Physical or cognitive changes made to the job by the employee Employment terms that fit the organization's constraints, fulfill the employee's desires, and are negotiated by the individual Combining tasks of comparable difficulty Training and allowing a worker to perform more than one job Modifying a job to include opportunities to experience achievement, responsibility, and stimulating work Motivation due to positive internal feelings of doing well instead of relying on external factors such as increased salaries and more generous benefits Simplified, repetitive work to maximize productivity
Job crafting Idiosyncratic deals Job rotation Job enrichment Job characteristics model Scientific management
An unfair social exchange, such as not being paid for overtime worked, is likely to do which of the following?
Lead to changes in the employee's attitude or behavior. Motivate the employee to correct the situation. Cause cognitive dissonance in the employee.
Which of the following are included in Maslow's need hierarchy theory?
Physiological Needs Esteem Needs
Douglas McGregor called managers' pessimistic assumptions toward employees: Multiple choice question.
Theory X
What should individuals do if their current job is unfulfilling but they do not want to change jobs?
Try to incorporate job crafting or I-deals.
McClelland's theory states that employees are motivated by acquired needs that include the need for:
achievement power affiliation
David McClelland's theory about the drivers of employee behavior is the:
acquired needs theory
McClelland's theory states that employees are motivated by acquired needs that include the need for:
affiliation power achievement
One way managers can improve employee perceptions of procedural justice is to:
allow them to participate in important work decisions
Job crafting is the:
approach to job design in which individuals make physical and cognitive changes in the task or relational boundaries of their work
Self-determination theory assumes that our behavior and well-being are influenced by which innate needs?
autonomy relatedness competence
Advantages of designing jobs using job rotation include:
building employee knowledge and ability to promote from within increased worker flexibility for scheduling through cross-training providing employees with a broader perspective of the organization
How can managers incorporate the principles of expectancy theory? Multiple choice question.
by linking performance to rewards that individual employees value
Herzberg's theory associates job satisfaction with factors relating to the work ______ of the task being performed. Multiple choice question.
content
The theories that focus on identifying the factors that motivate employees are known as ______ theories. Multiple choice question.
content
Altering jobs to improve employee experience and productivity is called job .
design
Expectancy theory states that people are motivated to behave in ways that produce
desired combinations of expected outcomes.
Expectancy theory states that people are motivated to behave in ways that produce Multiple choice question.
desired combinations of expected outcomes.
Job design terms that individuals negotiate for themselves involving schedule flexibility, career development, or other adjustments are known as ____________ deals.
diosyncratic
The question "What are the chances of reaching my performance goal?" represents which element of Vroom's expectancy theory? Multiple choice question.
expectancy
Scientific management designs jobs based on which of the following?
experimentation reason systematic observation
In Adams' equity theory, knowledge, experience, education, and effort expended all are perceived as:
inputs
The question "What are the chances of receiving various outcomes if I achieve my performance goals?" represents which element of Vroom's expectancy theory?
instrumentality
The psychological mechanisms that guide the direction, intensity, and persistence of one's behaviors or thoughts are known as: Multiple choice question.
motivation
Job rotation is the top-down approach that: Multiple choice question.
moves employees from one specialized job to another
The acquired needs in McClelland's acquired needs theory include the:
need for achievement need for power
According to McClelland's acquired needs theory, which need involves the desire to influence or teach others to achieve?
need for power
The form of organizational justice that reflects the perceived fairness of the process and procedures used to make organizational decisions is: Multiple choice question.
procedural justice
The theories that focus on explaining the process by which internal and situational factors influence employee motivation are known as ______ theories.
process
Scientific management designs jobs based on which of the following?
reason experimentation systematic observation
Which of the following are considered outputs in equity theory?
recognition bonuses
The question "What are the chances of reaching my performance goal?" represents which element of Vroom's expectancy theory?
scientific management
Which theory assumes that our behavior and well-being are influenced by three innate needs: competence, autonomy, and relatedness?
self-determination theory
In equity theory, inputs can include:
skills and knowledge personality traits education
The quantifiability of a goal is known as goal
specificity
According to Herzberg's theory, issues related to hygiene factors will cause an employee to move from a:
state of no dissatisfaction to dissatisfaction
job crafting
the physical and cognitive changes individuals make in the task or relational boundaries of their work
Equity theory uses a comparison of the ratio of_________ to____________
their output-to-input ratio to that of relevant others.
Job enrichment is the job design method that uses ______________ to improve motivation.
vertical
The approach to job design in which individuals make physical and cognitive changes in the task or relational boundaries of their work is known as
job crafting
Select all of the characteristics that are influenced by motivation.
direction of behavior or thought persistence of behavior or thought intensity of behavior or thought
The job design method that puts more variety into a job by combining specialized tasks of comparable difficulty is job
enlargement
Which term describes the idea that not all individuals prefer an equal ratio of outputs to incomes?
equity sensitivity
The theory that explains how people strive for fairness in social exchanges is _____________ theory.
equitytheory
The theory that proposes that job satisfaction comes from motivating factors and dissatisfaction from the absence or weak presence of hygiene factors is based on research done by:
Frederick Herzberg
Which theory is based on comparing one's outputs and inputs with those of others?
equity theory
The approach to job design in which individuals make physical and cognitive changes in the task or relational boundaries of their work is known as:
job crafting
Any set of activities that involve the alteration of specific job activities to improve the quality of employee job experience and motivation is called
job design
Hunger or thirst are examples of physiological deficiencies that arouse behavior known as ______. Multiple choice question.
needs
David McClelland's theory states that employee behavior is driven by:
needs we acquire as we live our lives
Herzberg's motivating factors move employees from a state of
no satisfaction to satisfaction.
The job design method that moves employees from one job to another is job .
rotation
The kind of management that sets standards established by facts gained from systematic observation, experiment, or reasoning is:
scientific management
The approach to job design in which individuals make physical and cognitive changes in the task or relational boundaries of their work is known as _____________________
job crafting
Pay, promotions, challenging assignments, participation in decision making are all considered outputs in Adam's Elements of_______________ theory
equity
Which methods should managers use to determine the needs of their employees? Multiple select question.
employee surveys one-on-one meetings
Self-determination theory assumes that three innate needs—autonomy, and ___________ relatedness—drive our behavior.
competence
The job design method that moves employees from one job to another is job
rotation
Herzberg's theory states that there are ______________ separate sets of factors that create satisfaction and dissatisfaction on the job.
Blank 1: two or 2
Which of the following statements are consistent with Locke and Latham's findings about goal setting?
Successful goal achievement reinforces employee satisfaction and leads to setting higher goals. Goals that are specific and difficult lead to higher performance. People need the ability and resources to achieve the goal.
According to McGregor, Theory X assumes that employees: Multiple select question.
can only be motivated with rewards and punishments dislike work must be monitored frequently
What motivates corrective action in equity theory?
cognitive dissonance
What motivates corrective action in equity theory? Multiple choice question.
cognitive dissonance
What are the key elements of equity theory?
comparison of the ratio of outputs to inputs outputs inputs
According to goal setting theory, which of the following are needed in order for goals to motivate employees?
goal specificity commitment to the goal ability to achieve the goal
Which term describes someone who cares more about what they put into a group project than the rewards they receive from participating in the project?
high equity sensitivity
Which of the following are problems that often arise with jobs based on Taylor's scientific management methods?
high levels of dissatisfaction and stress low sense of accomplishment poor mental health
What does equity theory explain?
how people strive for fairness in social exchanges how people strive for fairness in give-and-take relationships
Herzberg's theory classified company administration, salary, and working conditions as_____________ factors.
hygiene
The question "What are the chances of receiving various outcomes if I achieve my performance goals?" represents which element of Vroom's expectancy theory? Multiple choice question.
instrumentality
Which approach to job design often creates jobs that are very simple, repetitive, and boring?
scientific management