Organizational management exam 2

hygiene factors

part of the context in which the job is performed

Which statement regarding research on emotional contagion is true?

Emotions are especially salient in teams and thus teams can exhibit emotional contagion just as individuals can

Types of emotional labor

Employee personality Genuine Acting (Get to your genuine acting it really is you and who you are) Deep Acting (Deeper acting) Surface Acting (Surface level acting)

Though goal setting is usually viewed as a positive process, there can be downsides if

Employees can't adapt their behaviors in response to unplanned threats.

Job Enrichment

Enlarge the work, but now you can choose how you do it (You can do it your own way = can be more motivating.)

Expect to maintain equitable relationships . . . .

Experience distress when they feel they are over- or under-rewarded

Reading Emotions

Face can express emotions that are scientifically proven

self-actualization

Morality, creativity, spontaneity, problem solving, lack of prejudice, acceptance of facts

MPS (motivating potential score)

((Skill Variety + Task Identify + Task Significance)) X Autonomy X Feedback

Extrinsic motivation - comes from something else. Not within

1. A job that has high status and prestige 2. A job that provides you with a chance to earn a good deal of money 3. A job where the chances for advancement and promotion are good.

Intrinsic Motivation - Comes within.

1. A job that is interesting to do 2. A Job where you can learn new things, learn new skills 3. A job that uses your skills and abilities - lets you do the things you can do best

Motivating factors include:

1. Achievement 2. Recognition 3. Interesting work 4. Increased responsibility 5. Advancement and Growth

6 emotions of Affective events theory

1. Anger 2. Fear 3. Joy 4. Suprise 5. Love 6. Sadness

Hygiene factors include:

1. Company policy 2. Supervision and relationships 3. Working conditions 4. Salary 5. Security

Erg Theory groups Maslow's basic human needs into three categories:

1. Existence corresponds to Maslow's physiological and safety needs 2. Relatedness corresponds to social needs 3. Growth refers to esteem and self-actualization

Equity sensitive individuals:

1. Expect to maintain equitable relationships 2. Experience distress when they feel they are over- or under-rewarded

When are goals more effective?

1. Feedback 2. Ability 3. Goal Commitment.

Downsides to goal setting

1. Learning Decreases. 2. Adaptability declines. 3. Single mindedness develops. 4. Ethical Problems increase.

Downsides to goal setting?

1. Learning decreases (what if you are not capable) 2. Adaptability declines 3. Single-mindedness develops (You could only be focusing on that one goal) 4. Ethical problems increase (Big goals with a lot of money at stake create unethical issues)

Why do SMART GOALS MOTIVATE?

1. Make you think outside the box 2. Give direction 3. Provide challenge 4. Energize

The leads to Psychological States

1. Meaningfulness 2. Responsibility 3. Knowledge of results

Types of Emotion:

1. Positive Emotions 2. Negative Emotions

Causes of Stress

1. Role Demands and overload 2. Work/family conflict 3. Financial Stressors, unemployment, and job insecurity 4. Uncertainty 5. Anticipatory stress and rumination

Mcclelland's Acquired-Needs Theory (Individuals acquire three types of needs as a result of their life experiences:)

1. The need of achievement - want to be successful 2. The need for affiliation - want to be liked and accepted by others 3. The need for power - Want to influence others and control their environment

Type A personality

A schedule-type person. Going on vacation — you have to have a schedule. When shit doesn't go as scheduled they get really stressed.

Emotion

A short, intense feeling resulting from some event. (These can lead to attitudes and behaviors.)

General Adaption Syndrome stages:

Alarm stage: Fight or flight" Resistance Stage: The body tries to adapt to the stress. Exhaustion: The body starts to shut down. (Like burning out). This could lead to death.

What is the best example of anticipatory stress?

Anna's coworker was just let go due to downsizing. Anna worries about whether she will get to keep her job.

Stress is caused by the interaction between demands and resources, or by the mismatch between the amount and type of resources and demands

BIG FAX

psychological needs

Breathing, food, sex, sleep, homeostasis, excretion.

Type B Personality

Calm and go with the flow.

If hygiene factors are not present →

Dissatisfaction

Reaction to Unfairness

Distort perceptions Increase referent's inputs Reduce own input Increase own outcomes Change referent Leave the situation Seek legal action

Valence

Do I find the outcomes desirable?

love and belonging

Friendship, family, sexual intimacy, sense of connection

Stress is related to which work outcome?

Higher turnover, worse job attitudes, decreased performance.

Hindrance stressors

Jeff Besos: most stress for him was his calender. You had a flat tire on the way to work.

Marta works on an auto assembly line. Last year she was responsible for welding the upper panel of the wheel well onto the left rear wheel area. This year, she is also responsible for welding all parts of the entire left rear wheel area and checking for q

Job Enlargement.

Performance =

Motivation X Ability X Environment (Someone could not be performing to their potential if one of these is bad.)

If motivators are not present →

No satisfaction

Extrinsic motivation

Performing an activity because it is related to desirable outcomes such as financial rewards, status, or approval from others.

emotional contagion

Positive Emotions Negative Emotions

Positive reinforcement

Positive behavior followed by positive reinforcement

Negative reinforcement

Positive behavior followed by the removal of negative reinforcement.

Intrinsic motivation

Pursuing an activity because it is inherently enjoyable and absent of apparent rewards.

Emotional Labor

Regulation of feelings and expressions for organizational purposes.

Emotional Intelligence

Relationship management Social awareness Self-management (regulation of emotions) Self-awareness (starts here)

Emotion

Research on emotions sometimes uses faces to determine how well individuals can detect distinct emotions.

Which statement regarding goal setting and ethics is true?

Research shows that goal setting sometimes leads to unethical behaviors for financial gain.

Core Job Characteristics

Skill variety - I am good at math. I get to use math in this job. Task Identity - You own the responsibility of the task from start to finish Task significance - Does the work that you do have meaning to people? Autonomy - Someone watching over them at all times. Micromanaging scenario. Not very motivating. Feedback - Making sure you are doing good.

Which employee is most likely to report experiencing felt empowerment at work?

Sam uses his judgment to approve the customer's refund.

If motivators are present→

Satisfaction

Safety and security

Security of body, employment, resources, morality, family, health, property

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Self Actualization Self-esteem Love and Belonging Safety and security Physiological needs

Jason knows that he is flexible, enjoys challenging goals, and is concerned about the security of his job. Jason demonstrates which building block of the emotional intelligence concept?

Self-awareness

self-esteem

Self-esteem, confidence, achievement, respect of others, respect by others

SMART GOALS

Specific Measurable Attainable Realistic Time-bound

Kathy dislikes her coworker, yet every morning she stops to pleasantly chat for a few moments on the way to her desk. Kathy is using what emotional labor strategy?

Surface Acting

Stress

The body's reaction to a change that requires a physical, mental, or emotional adjustment or response.

Skill variety refers to . . . .

The extent to which the job requires a person to utilize multiple high- level skills.

Demand-Control Model

The highest level of stress occurs when job demands are high and job control is low. Indicated by the feeling of helplessness. You will eventually learn to become helpless if this continues.

job rotation

They gain a new skill and are less bored

Growth needs strength

They place emphasis on Job Characteristics and Psychological States.

What is an advantage of job specialization?

Training costs are higher, but because of the specialized nature of tasks, they are learned more fully.

Marc is a student at Texas Christian University. He is the first to arrive at each of his classes and is very upset with the professor if class does not begin exactly on time. He studies late every night and will argue with his professor for every pos

Type A

Affective events theory

We can all experience the same event, but we feel it differently.

negative emotions

We do not like being around negative emotions, they spread like covid.

General Adaption Syndrome

We get a jolt of cortisol in our body. Too much Stress also causes you to forget.

Positive Emotions

We like being around positive emotions, because they are contagious.

Job Enlargement

When you are given more stuff, but based on your same thing you were doing before.

Goal Setting Theory

When you set challenging goals for your employees they will increase performance by 25% to 35%. Or 10% to 25%

Expectancy

Will my effort lead to high performance?

Instrumentality

Will performance lead to outcomes?

Starts at self-awareness, then moves up to self management (How do we control our emotions. Self control.) Social awareness is where we can start to detect emotions in others. Relationship management is when you can begin to help your employees through whatever emotional struggles.

YOU GAH DAMN RIGHT

Anxiety is the one word(bullseye) to describe of Neuroticism.

YUP

Job Crafting

You can write your own job description without having to be asked.

Challenge Stressors

actual challenges of the job

pessimistic personality

always expecting the worst you are negative

Motivators

are intrinsic to the job

Inputs

are the contributions people feel they are making to the environment

Expectancy Theory

argues that motivation is determined by a rational calculation in which individuals evaluate their situation.

Environmental

factors include the resources, information, and support one needs to perform well

It is empowering to you to not have to ask for permission

fax

Ability

having the skills and knowledge required to perform the job

"Frustration-regression"

hypothesis suggests that individuals who are frustrated trying to satisfy one need may regress to another

If Hygiene factors are present→

no dissatisfaction

Cognitive dissonance

refers to the struggle we have with surface level acting. Our actions are saying one thing, but our emotions are saying something else.

neurotic personality

stressful and anxious

Motivations

the desire to achieve a goal or a certain performance level, leading to goal-directed behavior

Learned helplessness

the tendency to fail to act to escape from a situation because of a history of repeated failures in the past

structural power

to decide how things shall be done, the power to shape frameworks within which. states relate to each other, relate to people, or relate to corporate enterprises

Fairness

when the input to outcome ratio is similar to the input to outcome ratio of a comparison person (Referent other)